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North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics

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the sodium melts and form a ball(sliver globule) that moves around .
It burns with red flames [ No red flame. Sodium burns with a golden yellow flame] till it disappears along with
heat and hydrogen gas which are produced

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it was a vigorous reaction.
it was sodium as the it caught on fire and had a golden yellow flame.
it melted and became a silver globule.

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Vapor and heat
Explosive reaction
Heat energy produced
Boiling water
Got diffused
Rigorous circular movement of sodium pellet

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When zinc reacts with HCl, ZnCl2 is formed along with liberation of hydrogen from the solution.

It is an exothermic reaction

Effervescence is produced

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a silver globule, burns with a golden yellow flame, vigorous, gas is produced

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hydrogen bubbles and vapour forms and the solution turns milky

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hydrogen bubbles and vapour forms and the solution turns milky

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When calcium reacts with water, it produces effervescence.

Hydrogen is being given off. It is exothermic

It reacts at room temperature

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White solution
Effervescence
Heating of solution

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since, sodium is the 2nd most reactive substance in the reactivity series, it has a vigorous reaction with water.
It is an explosive reaction and we can also see some red sparks during the reaction.
The sodium also forms a silvery ball after reacting with water.

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1. Highly exothermic and explosive reaction
2. As soon as it is dropped in water , it catches a golden yellow flame
3.When dropped in water, it forms a silvery grey globule that darts aon the surface of water
4.Bubbles of a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas is evolved. The confirmatory for this gas which proves this is hydrogen is that when a burning splinter is introduced, it extinguishes with a popping sound.

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solution turns milky
gas is produced
less vigorous
sinks in water

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We can see effervescence, when the metal calcium was added to water along with the evolution of a gas.

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Magnesium burns (steam) to produce white magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas.
it liberates H2 and white ash-magnesium oxide
burns with a dazzling white flame

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Effervescence
On adding Phenolphthalein the solution changes purple indicating its alkaline nature
Slow reaction

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Pink color due to phenolphthalein
Slow reaction
Effervescence
Heating solution to increase speed of reaction

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The setup had no reaction initially, but on heating bubbles were formed and the water turned pinkish- purple

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sinks in water
slow reaction at room temperature, faster with increase in temp
steam is produced
turns purple

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Lots of effervescence
Hydrogen gas released [How do you know hydrogen is released? How are they testing hydrogen?]
Forms ZnCl2

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Highly vigorous reaction.
Sodium reacts with water with red flames.
At the end it bursts and melted.

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Reaction is comparatively less vigorous and less explosive that that of sodium.

Bubbles of odorless and colorless gas are evolved. When the gas is tested with a burning splinter, the flame extinguishes with a popping sound, which proves it is hydrogen gas.

The solution turns milky.

If a moist blue litmus is introduced in a solution, then the color does not change. This proves the solution is alkaline.

Calcium has sunk in water.

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Effervescence is given out
A gas is liberated
The calcium and water solution turns milky
less vigorous reaction

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The metal magnesium reacts slowly with water at room temperature and there is evolution of a gas.
When phenolphthalein is added to the solution, it turns magenta pink indicating the presence of an acid.

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Effervescence occurs
Solution turns milky
gas is being given out
less vigorous.

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Zinc when dropped in HCl releases bubbles of hydrogen gas which is colourless, odourless and tasteless.
The confirmatory test for this gas is when a burning splinter is introduced , it extinguishes with a popping sound(Hydrogen).
ZnCl2 is produced
exothermic process

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exothermic
gas is produced
burning splinter extinguishes with a popping sound

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Magnesium sinks when added to water.
Effervescence occurs
Slow reaction
pinkish-purple colour is seen

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when the metal zinc was added to water there was effervescence and the evolution of a gas.
The test tube had also become hot indicating an exothermic reaction.
When the gas was collected and a burning splinter was brought near it, it extinguished with a pop sound hence, the gas produced was hydrogen.