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You can make a longitudinal wave at home with a slinky. Simply move your hand forwards and backwards, parallel to the floor. When you can see the compression and rarefaction, you'll know you made a longitudinal wave.

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In longitudinal waves the particles more parallel to the wave. The particles oscillate back a forth.

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In transverse wave the particles move perpendicular (at right angles) to the motion of the wave. They are just moving up and down.

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Energy- the ability to do work.
Waves transfer energy through vibration in matter. For example, sound waves transfer energy through air particles, which is how you can hear people.

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You can make a transverse wave at home with string. You secure one end and hold the other end in your hand. Move your hand up and down until the string follows that motion. That is a transverse wave!

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A wave is a disturbance in gas, liquid, air, or empty space that is caused by energy being transmitted through a medium.

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Longitudinal Waves- waves that move through a medium parallel to the direction the wave is travelling. These waves move in a back a forth motion. A few examples of these are sounds waves, ultrasound waves, and seismic P-shaped waves.

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Frequency- the number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time. It is how many vibrations per second. This is measure in hertz. The higher the frequency is, the more energy a wave has.

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Rarefaction- particles spread out in longitudinal waves. This is the opposite of compression, it has a low amount of pressure.

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Compression- particles close together in longitudinal waves. These are the points on the wave with more pressure due to the particles being closer together.

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Wavelength- The distance between two corresponding part of waves. It is the distance between two crests or between two troughs in transverse waves. It is the distance between one compression to the next in longitudinal waves.

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Speed- how far a wave travels in a unit of time. Speed is equivalent to wavelength*frequency. The unit for this is m/s. You can determine frequency, wavelength, and speed as long as you have the other two measurements. You just have to use this triangle that says speed/wavelength= frequency and wavelength=
speed/frequency

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Rest Position- the point of no displacement in a transverse wave. This is the point in the middle of the crest and trough. For example, in transverse earthquake waves, the rest position is where the ground was before seismic vibrations started. The rest position is equidistant from the crest and trough. It is represented in graphs by a dotted or bolder line.

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Amplitude- the vertical distance from the rest position to a trough or the crest in transverse waves. It is the measure of how compressed or rarefied medium is in a longitudinal wave. For example, in a sound wave, the amplitude would be the measure of how spread apart or close together a rarefaction was. This means the amplitude is the measure of how close the coils are. In light waves, the amplitude is the distance from the crest or the trough to the rest position.

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Transverse Waves- waves that move through a medium perpendicular to the direction the wave is travelling. These waves move in an up and down motion. Examples of transverse waves include, but are not limited to vibrations on a guitar string, ripples on a liquid surface, and light waves.

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Mechanical Wave- waves that have to travel through a medium. These waves include ocean waves, sounds waves, and earthquake waves. Ocean waves travel through liquid, sounds waves travel through gas, and earthquake waves travel through a solid.
Earthquake waves can be longitudinal and transverse- either can be mechanical waves

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Crest- the highest point of displacement in a transverse wave. This means it is the highest point of the wave. For example, when you pluck a guitar sting, it moves back and forth. The crest of this wave would be the point that the guitar string is farthest from its starting point.

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Electromagnetic Wave- a wave that can travel through empty space. Electromagnetic waves do not need matter to travel through. These electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.

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Trough- the lowest point of displacement in a transverse wave. This means it it the lowest point of the wave. An example of this is when people in a stadium do the wave. The trough of this wave would be when people are sitting down.

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Vibration- a repeated back and forth or up and down motion. Waves are made of vibrations or disturbances in matter. These vibrations carry and transfer energy. For example, in ocean waves, particles vibrate up and down, creating the wave.