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What are the evidences for climate change?

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Why is climate change happening?

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Climate change poses a great threat to the planet and its inhabitants. 

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Climate change is already harming food production.

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We witness extreme weather events all over the world

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How climate change will affect the planet in the near and distant future?

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Scientific evidence is clear that our climate is changing

We know this from:

direct surface temperature measurements

changes in rainfall and weather patterns

an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events

loss of Arctic sea ice

sea level rise

melting of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets.

shifts in the geographic ranges distribution of some plant and animal species

earlier unfolding of new leaves in spring

changes in bird migration patterns.

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Greenhouse Effect

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From the unique vantage point in space, NASA collects critical long-term observations of our changing planet.

NASA applies ingenuity and expertise gained from decades of planetary and deep-space exploration to the study of our home planet. The Earth Science Division operates more than 20 satellites in orbit, sponsors hundreds of research programs and studies, and funds opportunities to put data to use for societal needs. We develop new ways to observe the oceans, land cover, ice, atmosphere, and life, and we measure how changes in one drive changes in others over the short and long term. While listening to and collaborating with industry leaders, international partners, academic institutions, and other users of our data, we deepen knowledge of our planet, drive innovations, and deliver science to help inform decisions that benefit the nation and the world.

Wildfires and Climate Change

Earth's warming climate is amplifying wildland fire activity, particularly in northern and temperate forests. When fires ignite the landscape, NASA's satellites and instruments can detect and track them. This information helps communities and land managers around the world prepare for and respond to fires, and also provides a rich data source to help scientists better understand this growing risk.

Learn More about Wildfires and Climate Change

How Do We Know Climate Change is Real?

There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause.

Earth-orbiting satellites and new technologies have helped scientists see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate all over the world. These data, collected over many years, reveal the signs and patterns of a changing climate.

What is causing climate change?

Human activities are driving the global warming trend observed since the mid-20th century.

Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-20 th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect" - warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
Over the last century, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ₂). This increase happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO ₂.

What are the effects of climate change?

The effects of human-caused global warming are happening now, are irreversible for people alive today, and will worsen as long as humans add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

We already see effects scientists predicted, such as the loss of sea ice, melting glaciers and ice sheets, sea level rise, and more intense heat waves.
Scientists predict global temperature increases from human-made greenhouse gases will continue. Severe weather damage will also increase and intensify.

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NASA is a global leader in studying Earth's changing climate.

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Human Factor

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The direct consequences of man-​made climate change include:

rising maximum temperature

rising minimum temperatures

rising sea levels
higher ocean temperatures

an increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail)

shrinking glaciers

thawing permafrost
The indirect consequences of climate change, which directly affect us humans and our environment, include:

an increase in hunger and water crises, especially in developing countries

health risks through rising air temperatures and heatwaves

economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change

increasing spread of pests and pathogens

loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna

ocean acidification due to increased HCO3

concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations

the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

Source

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Causes and Effects of Climate Change | National Geographic