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· COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF SKIN
· SKIN DERIVATIVES

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain the concept and importance of comparative anatomy (C2, A3)
2. Differentiate skin structures in various animals (C2)

3. Compare different types of skin derivatives (C2)

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NERVOUS SYSTEM
· GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM.
·COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS IN VARIOUS ANIMALS.

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain basic structure and functions of nervous system (C2, A3).
2. Differentiate nervous systems in various groups of animal (C4, A3).

NERVE TISSUES TOPIC

LEARNING OUTCOME
1. State the locations and the content of nerve tissues (A1, P4).
2. Identify the three overlapping functions of the nervous system (C4).
3. Describe the functions of supporting cells (C2, A3).

4. Compare the main types of nerve tissues and describe their functions (C2, A3).

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· General structure and functions of blood vascular and lymphatic systems.
·Comparative anatomy of blood circulatory systems in various animals.

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain basic structure and functions of vascular and lymphatic systems (C2, A3).
2. Differentiate circulatory systems in various groups of animal (C4, A3).

3. Relate circulatory system with human diseases (C5, A3, LL).

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· Evolution of respiratory organs.
· General structure and functions of respiratory organs in animals.
· Comparative anatomy and functions of respiratory systems in various animals.
· Structure of histological system – respiratory system

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain basic structure and functions of respiratory organ and system (C2, A3).
2. Differentiate respiratory Systems in various groups Of animal (C4, A3).
3. Explain the tissues and organs make up the organ systems of the body (C4, A3).

4. Identify the histological structure in some organ system (C4, A3).

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·General structures and functions of urogenital organs (excretory and reproductive organs).
·Evolution of kidney and adaptation. ·Comparative anatomy of excretory system in various animals.
·Comparative anatomy of reproductive systems in various animals.

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain basic structure and functions of urogenital system )C2, A3).
2. Differentiate kidneys in various groups of animal (C4, A3).
3. Differentiate reproductive organs (male and female) in various groups of animal (C4, A3).
4. Relate structures of urogenital systems with animal life. Explain the tissues and organs make up the organ systems of the body (C5, A3, LL).

5. Identify the histological structure in some organ system (C4, A3, LL).

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· General structure, classification and functions of cartilage and bones.
·Comparative anatomy of skeletal systems in various animals.

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain basic structure and functions of skeletal system (C2, A3).
2. Differentiate skeletal systems in various groups of animal (C4, A3).

3. Students will be able to relate the structure, function, modification of cells, tissues, organs and animal system with environment and nature habitat (C5).

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TASK 1 & TASK 2

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SCL 1_BGY3202 ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SEM 2 1920 

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Use this template

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SCL 1 BGY3202 ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SEM 2 1920

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GROUP 2 (Questions for Topic 1 & Topic 2)

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GROUP 2 (Questions for Topic 1 & Topic 2)

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Group 5 ( integumentary and nervous system)

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Group 11(Questions on Lecture 1 and Lecture 2)

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1. what happen if the heart is not pumping the blood effectively to meet our  requirement of the body?2. what happen if the blood pool in the vein? is it affect our health?3.what is fuction of peacemaker and where it locate?
4. In fetus'd heart,  how oval opening works and the function ?
5. Can a person live without pacemaker?
6. what if the foramen oval fail to close after the baby born? the baby usually take 6month-1 year for the oval opening to close, does the mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood harm the baby?

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GROUP 7 MEMBERS :

1. Afiq Zaidi

2. Faten

3. Fatin Nuraini

4. Amirah

5. Faqehah

6. Humairah

7. Mane

1. If a baby is born with a congenital heart disease which unable the baby's heart to fully function, so how does during pregnancy the fetus or baby obtain the oxygen. Is it fully depend on the umbilical cord and the placenta?

2. Is the damaged smooth muscle the only cause of the gradual buildup of lipids and cholesterol in the inner wall of coronary arteries?

3. What happened if the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is damaged?

4. Why certain people have delays in blood clotting?

5. High blood pressure can cause our circulatory system to be damaged, by how it can damage it?

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Circulatory system

1) Why about ~3 RBC has been destroyed each second?
2) In adults, erythropoiesis occurs in marrow of sternum, ribs, vertebral process and skull bones, but how about newborn baby and kids? Where erythropoiesis occur?
3) What happen if excessive plasma present in our blood? Does it affect the circulation?

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Group 7

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The nervous system allows a person to detect the outside world and make appropriate responses to it. Additionally, it controls functions ranging from breathing to advanced reasoning.

This system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system or CNS which contains the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, the PNS, which includes the nerves that travel between the CNS and the rest of the body.

The brain is subdivided into areas that have different functions such as processing visual information or coordinating movements, but it is also highly interconnected, allowing for integration of information.

Like the rest of the nervous system, the brain is composed of neurons, cells that generate and transmit neural signals, and glia, cells that support neural functioning.

Below the brain lies the spinal cord, CNS tissue that extends down the vertebral canal. It facilitates signaling between the brain and PNS and also controls some basic functions such as reflexes.

In the PNS, nerves, bundles of neuronal axons, transmit instructions out to skeletal muscles to control movement and to internal organs to regulate autonomic functions such as digestion. Nerves also carry sensory information from receptor cells such as those in the skin that detect touch to the CNS for analysis.

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The parasympathetic nervous system restores the body during calm times when there are no threats, and is often called the rest and digest system.

It is one of the major divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions by regulating the activity of smooth muscle in visceral organs, cardiac muscle in the heart, and certain glands, such as the salivary glands.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, signals from preganglionic neurons in the brain stem, and sacral part of the spinal cord are sent to ganglia, clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system, near the organs or glands being controlled.

Here, the message is transmitted to postganglionic neurons, which typically use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to regulate activity of target tissues. For example, they lower heart rate, relaxing the body, and stimulate muscle contraction in the intestines and bladder, promoting digestion and excretion.

As a result, the parasympathetic system helps rebuild energy stores and maintain homeostasis at times when the body is able to rest.

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The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body to take action during times of threat, stress or excitement, including activating the fight or flight response.

It is one of the major divisions of the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions by regulating the activity of smooth muscle in visceral organs, cardio muscle in the heart, and certain glands such as sweat glands.

When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, preganglionic neurons in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord send signals to the peripheral nervous system. Some send their signals to a chain of ganglia, clusters of neuronal cell bodies that runs down the side of the spinal column.

From here, postganglionic neurons transmit the signal to target tissues causing responses such as increased heart rate and constriction of blood vessels bringing more blood to muscles.

Other preganglionic neurons send signals to postganglionic neurons in ganglia close to their target organs where they have effects such as inhibiting digestion in the stomach and excretion from the bladder, processes that are low priority in times of stress.

A third group of preganglionic neurons travels directly to the adrenal gland where they stimulate the production of hormones such as epinephrine, that mediate the stress response throughout the body.

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Neurons are the cells of the nervous system that transmit electrical signals. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes but generally have some common features. All neurons have a cell body, also called the soma, that contains the nucleus. Most neurons also have dendrites and an axon that extends from the cell body.

Dendrites are often highly branching and they receive signals from other neurons at junctions called synapses. The axon, on the other hand, transmits signals to neurons and other cells. The axon hillock, where the cell body meets the axon, generates the action potential, the primary form of electrical signaling in the nervous system.

Axons are often wrapped in a fatty myelin sheath, made by support cells called glia, which insulates them, helping to maintain the electrical signal as it is transmitted along. The nodes of ranvier, gaps in the myelin sheath, are regions where the action potential is repeatedly regenerated down the axon.

At the end of the axon is the terminal, containing synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter molecules. When an action potential reaches the terminal, neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, a region of space between cells at a synapse. Depending on the type of channel, the neurotransmitter can help transmit the signal to the next cell.

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Overview Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.

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Group 2

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1. what lead to the inability to produce urine?
2. what lead to the kidney stone? is it holding our pee is one of the reason?
3. As we know that function of ureter and urethra is to transport urine, but there is also ureter and urethra in male reproductive system. Base on my reading, the semen will pass through the ureter. Does it means that ureter and urethra will carry our two function in male body and only one function in female body? Why there is difference between that?
4. Based on the structure , loopnof henle has thick and thin part. Does it has specific function?
5. Why urinary bladder lack in snakes, crocodiles and birds? Is it because they are not producing urine?
6 Is function of glomerulus in kidney similar with aveoli in lungs?

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1. If we exercise and stress, does it affect the bone?
2. is it true that the skeletal system help the body maintain homeostasis?
3. From my understanding, ossification is for bone formation. But why when people start to aging, the bone mass have been reduced. It is because the ossification had stop? 4. what is the specific function of false rib because unlike other ribs , they are shorts and hanging?

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1. If we exercise and stress, does it affect the bone?
2. is it true that the skeletal system help the body maintain homeostasis?
3. From my understanding, ossification is for bone formation. But why when people start to aging, the bone mass have been reduced. It is because the ossification had stop? 4. what is the specific function of false rib because unlike other ribs , they are shorts and hanging? 

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SCL 1-Role Play infographic video 2- Nervous System & Nerve Tissues 

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SCL 1-Role Play infographic video 2- Nervous System & Nerve Tissues 

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ROLEPLAY INFOGRAPHIC VIDEO 2 -NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NERVE TISSUE (GROUP 2 & 8)

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Roleplay Infographic Video - Integumentary System 

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Roleplay Infographic Video - Integumentary System 

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ROLE PLAY INFOGRAPHIC VIDEO - INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (GROUP 1 & 7)

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SCL 1- Role Play Infographic Video 2- Circulatory System

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SCL 1- Role Play Infographic Video 2- Circulatory System

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ROLEPLAY INFOGRAPHIC VIDEO 2 - CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (G3 & G9)

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BGY3202 (Animal Structure and Function) - Skeletal System Group 6 & Group 12

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SCL ROLE PLAY INFOGHRAPHIC UROGENITAL SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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SCL ROLE PLAY INFOGHRAPHIC UROGENITAL SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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SCL ROLE PLAY INFOGHRAPHIC UROGENITAL SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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BGY 3202 ROLE PLAY INFOGRAPHIC_-_UROGENITAL & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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Scl 1 Respiratory system 19/7/2020
G4

https://youtu.be/4fUEPi939X8

1. Nur aqilah binti mohamed sairazi (196337) k.1
2. Najwani binti othman 191832 (k2).
3. Kabilasha A/P Sanmugavelu (197192) K2
4. Nurul Nabihah binti Johan (197394) K1
5. Sarah Nabilah binti Hamdan (198775) K2
6.  Nur suhailah bt Mohd Shabri 198438 k1
7. Nurul Aida binti Mohd Saidi 196780 K1

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BGY3202 G4 & G10 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SCL 1