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The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History

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The Nature of Islamic Art | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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"As it is not only a religion but a way of life, Islam fostered the development of a distinctive culture with its own unique artistic language that is reflected in art and architecture throughout the Muslim world."

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Innovations such as gilding, enamel and relief cut techniques established supremacy all over the world, providing inspiration and room for even more innovation in the field of not only glass making but also art and architecture as broad topics.

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Key Building Blocks To Decoration:
-Caligraphy

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https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/streetview/the-museum-of-islamic-art-qatar/tgGF4bWvrsgovw

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new instruments
lute
rahab, ancestor of the violin

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(part of design motifs)

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Key Building Blocks To Decoration:
-Vegetal Motifs

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http://islamic-arts.org/2013/foliage-motifs-in-islamic-art-before-mongol-invasion/

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This is another incense burner.
More info:  https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/incense-burner-in-shape-of-a-peacock/9AHvZeZAqEM0kg?ms=%7B%22x%22%3A0.5%2C%22y%22%3A0.5%2C%22z%22%3A9.041316182308885%2C%22size%22%3A%7B%22width%22%3A1.962447634757284%2C%22height%22%3A1.2375009547567553%7D%7D

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(part of design motifs)

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Sometimes used gold, silver, or copper to create inscriptions or designs.

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Key Building Blocks To Decoration:
-Geometric Ornament

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Islamic wood workers carved patterns into wood, which were used for doors, boxes, ceilings, and prayer niches.

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https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/ewer/9wGP8Dg-vaUfaQ

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Once Muslims were exposed to ancient Greek writings many new avenues of thought opened up

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Once Muslims were exposed to ancient Greek writings many new avenues of thought opened up

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http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2012/byzantium-and-islam/blog/material-matters/posts/islamic-metalwork

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Muslim literature includes  the classical works of ancient cultures

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Muslim literature includes  the classical works of ancient cultures

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Methods like glass blowing, molding and manipulation of molten glass were used to make mosque lamps, cups, glasses, goblets, bottles, vases and windows.

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Muslims are commanded to read and write by islam

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Muslims are commanded to read and write by islam

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History & Development of Glass making:

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Small paintings
Not realistic
Abstract/symbolic
Not just well known people, average man too

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-Muslims used highly developed looms to make textiles.
-These textiles were used for clothing, wall hangings/coverings, and tents.
-Similar to the Muslim rugs, textiles with arabesque and floral patterns were popular from the 700s CE on.

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Nasta is a form of Persian calligraphy established in Iran during the 8th and 9th centuries. It's still used today in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan as an art form in poems.

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Small paintings that were illustrating famous manuscripts.
Artists avoided the realistic side of the paintings and made them more abstract and symbolic

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This is an incense burner.
More info:  https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/incense-burner/JQEI39J0bQPyGg

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Used mostly bronze and brass metals because authorities did not want them to use precious metals.

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Westernized

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Islamic art has been found influencing many cathedrals such as italy, greece, france and germany 

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Islamic art has been found influencing many cathedrals such as italy, greece, france and germany 

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Thuluth is a variety of Arabic calligraphy that was first introduced during the 11th  century by Ibn Muqlah Shirazi. It was often used during the medieval times on mosque decorations. Surahs and some of the oldest copies of the Quran are written in Thuluth.

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Biomorphic, floral patterns representing the underlying order and unity of nature

Based off of Celtic, Norse and Aboriginal designs

Symmetry

Later copied in Europe, used in cathedrals

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Introduction to Arabesque – Art of Islamic Pattern

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-Rugs were traditionally used to sit and sleep on, and then became a major part of Muslim life, as they were used to kneel on for prayer.
-Muslim weavers were experts in using knots to create their rugs, and it became a staple for their work.
-These rugs also used colored wool, as well as gold and silver embellishments, to make them more decorative.
-Most Muslim rugs were designed with floral, scroll, arabesque, human, animal, and architectural designs.

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Potters were inspired by Arabic script, such as islamic proverbs, good wishes, or popular sayings. Another great innovation would be leisure painting, this was largely influential in the arts of Islam.
Groups of potters would set up kilns on major trade routes, one of these centers were called Rakka which was centered in Syria and was considered to be a main source of wealth for the area. A metallic pigment was used to lay over the glaze to be able to do intricate designs and patterns.

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Paper, originally, was brought from China into Muslim Civilisation. From an art, Muslim Civilisation developed it into a major industry. Paper mills flourished across the Muslim World. The impact of Muslim Civilisations manufacture of paper helped paved the way for the printing revolution.

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Paper, originally, was brought from China into Muslim Civilisation. From an art, Muslim Civilisation developed it into a major industry. Paper mills flourished across the Muslim World. The impact of Muslim Civilisations manufacture of paper helped paved the way for the printing revolution.

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A direct result of the Muslim prohibition of the depiction of of living things, geometric patterns and designs became a prominent art form in the Islamic empires. Tessellations are a great example of these geometric patterns. These tessellations adorned buildings, particularly mosques. The creation of tessellations requires the use of geometry and trigonometry, which meant that the Islamic empires had a strong foundation in mathematics. A motif that is very common in the tessellations and tile work is the eight-pointed star, found all throughout the Islamic empires. Vegetal patterns and nature motifs are also a major part of Islamic designs; much of artistic inspiration came from nature , vines, and flowers. Often times, the nature images could coincide with the geometric ones. These patterns existed since the beginning of the Islamic empires, and are still used in Islamic art in modern times.

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Muslim musicians had many instruments that arrived in Europe from the middle east such as the lute, and the rahab which is an ancestor of the violin  

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Muslim musicians had many instruments that arrived in Europe from the middle east such as the lute, and the rahab which is an ancestor of the violin  