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Thunderstorms are the most common, as winds can be strong and there is lightning and thunder. Thunderstorms are caused by convection, which is the upward and downward air movements. Lightning occurs because of movement of charged particles in the cloud, which causes thunder.
Snowstorms are similar to rain, but in colder conditions.

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A tornado is more dangerous than a thunderstorm or snowstorm, which is high speed winds that rotate counterclockwise. Hurricanes are also dangerous, as they are rain or wind storms which get their energy from the heat of seawater.

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The sun is responsible for changes in the weather, causing air to warm, water to evaporate into clouds, and has the air flow throughout the Earth.

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The thin layer surrounding the Earth is known as the atmosphere, and it is constantly changing. Weather and climate are similar, but weather describes the current atmosphere, and climate refers to the average atmosphere of an area in a given amount of time.

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Only 1% of the Earth's water is fresh water!

The water cycle is continuous. There is a body of water, then rays of the sun hit it, causing the water to evaporate into water vapor. The water vapor goes through condensation, and becomes clouds. When the clouds reach saturation, they will precipitate, or rain, and the water will go back into the body of water.

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Plates move a few centimeters per year. Many believe that many years ago, all of the continents were connected, known as Pangea. Over time, the plates have shifted, causing the continental drift.

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Atmosphere: Thin layer of gases
Geosphere: Rock and physical makeup of land
Biosphere: All life, such as plants, animals and humans
Hydrosphere: All of the water on Earth's surface