# data[].attributes.body
Bicester Village is an outlet shopping centre on the outskirts of Bicester, a town in Oxfordshire, England. It is owned by Value Retail plc. The centre opened in 1995. Most of its stores are in the luxury goods and designer clothing sector.

# data[].attributes.body
So we can just keep adding as we go :)

# data[].attributes.body
The pandemic has caused a monumental downfall in retail shopping stopping customers from buying in store purchase but increasing online sales. These statistics show Insights into the impact of the pandemic on retail in 2020, including how the national and local lockdowns and restrictions impacted on retail expenditure.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
1. Main points

In 2020, total retail sales volumes fell by 1.9% compared with 2019, the largest annual fall on record.

The impact on consumer retail sectors has varied with clothing and fuel volume sales seeing large falls of negative 21.5% and negative 22.2% respectively in 2020 and remain below pre-pandemic levels.

Overall, online sales rose to a record high of 33.9% as a share of all retail spending.

Insights from timely card transactions data show that the impact of England's second and third lockdowns on card spending are similar, and significantly less severe than the first lockdown.

Card transaction data also suggests that during the second and third lockdowns, English online spending increased more in response to the fall in in-store spending than during the first lockdown.

As a whole, retail sales (in volume terms) in Great Britain have recovered from the large contraction in March and April 2020 but still saw the largest annual fall on record.

Back to table of contents

2. Retail industry in Great Britain

The retail industry is an important part of the economy, comprising almost 5.1% of UK GDP. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the public health response have had large impacts on the UK and global economies. In particular, the retail industry has been impacted by the imposition of lockdown restrictions and social distancing, which have led to changes in the goods and services that we consume and how we consume them, with some areas of retail faring worse than others.

Policy measures introduced to contain the spread of the virus, such as public health restrictions and voluntary social distancing, had pronounced impacts on the retail industry. This included the closure of non-essential retail stores on 23 March 2020 as part of the first national lockdown that was introduced across the UK. Non-essential retailers were permitted to reopen in June with some variations across the UK nations - the earliest being in Northern Ireland (12 June) and the latest in Scotland (29 June) - although these stores were forced to shut once more as Tier 4 restrictions were introduced in certain areas across England and Scotland through autumn and a 17-day "firebreak lockdown" was introduced in Wales in late October.

The announcement of further lockdowns in England ( 5 November to 2 December and 5 January 2021 to present), as well as similar restrictions introduced across other UK nations ¹ from the end of 2020 till now has again seen the large-scale closure of non-essential retail. The impact of these restrictions has been reflected in footfall levels, in part capturing how the retail industry has been impacted in 2020.

Figure 1: The restrictions on non-essential retail have been reflected in the impact on footfall

Volume of footfall, percentage change from the same day the previous year, UK, 1 March 2020 to 24 January 2021

Source: Springboard and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

Notes:

The spike on Monday 24 August 2020 was caused by the comparison with 26 August 2019, which was bank holiday Monday with good weather. The bank holiday this year was a week later, on 31 August 2020.

Download this image

.png (97.2 kB)

The impact has been reflected in the official Retail sales figures. The total volume of retail sales in Great Britain fell by 1.9% in 2020 compared with 2019, the largest fall since records began. The impact has been particularly severe for non-essential retail. Figure 2 shows that retail sales volumes started to fall sharply in March 2020, and by April total retail sales volumes were 19% lower when compared with February levels. As these lockdown restrictions eased, there was a marked increase, which may have reflected some pent-up consumer demand. However, Figure 2 also shows that this in part reflects a change in how consumers have moved to online retailing. The rising use of online shopping has eased the impact of the pandemic on the retail sector. Online sales rose rapidly following the start of the pandemic and were 60% higher in May when compared with February's level. Total retail sales volumes recovered and since July have been above pre-pandemic (February 2020) levels. The latest figures show that total retail sales volume (excluding fuel) were 5.8% higher in December when compared with February.

It's worth noting that the volumes of sales fell again by 4.1% in November in response to the introduction of a second lockdown in England. The latest estimates show that total retail sales volume grew by 0.3% in December, as there were initially some easing restrictions in early December, although this was then followed by the re-imposition of tighter restrictions to non-essential retail later in the month.

Figure 2: Retail sales started falling sharply in March in response to the pandemic hit, before recovering later in the year as restrictions were lifted, while there was also a shift towards online retailing

Value of retail sales at curent prices, seasonally adjusted, Great Britain, Index Feb 2020=100

Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Business Survey

Notes:

There is no available data for the sale of fuel online so fuel is excluded from all data in Figure 2.

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Notes for Retail industry in the UK and Great Britain

Similar restrictions to the lockdown introduced in England were announced across the UK throughout December: Wales (19 December to present), Scotland and Northern Ireland (26 December to present).
Back to table of contents

3. Retail sales around the world

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the retail industry has been a global phenomenon, reflecting how governments across the world have introduced policy measures to reduce the spread of the virus. Figure 3 shows retail trends in 2020 across a selection of EU and G7 countries, which shows a similar within-year profile as there was a sharp decline in April when lockdown restrictions were largely imposed. However, the extent of falls and recovery varies by countries. The Understanding international comparisons of GDP article highlights how the timing and stringency levels of these restrictions have not been uniform, which might explain some of the differences in retail figures between countries ¹.

For the EU average, retail trade started to fall from March and by April was 20% below February's level. This was more severe in France (fall of around 27%), Spain and Italy (both falling by around 33%). By June, retail trade had recovered to pre-pandemic (February 2020) levels for the EU as a whole and remained above February's level, though this was not the case for all of the EU countries, with some of the countries that saw the most severe falls remaining below their February level.

In the USA, retail sales performed relatively better, declining less than seen across the EU. Nonetheless the US still saw a sharp fall following the start of the pandemic, with April's retail trade being around 16% lower than its pre-pandemic level. By June, it was 5% above its February levels.

Figure 3: International comparisons highlight that the public health response to the pandemic has impacted upon retail sales around the world, although to varying extents

Retail trade Index, Index = 100 at February, 2020

Source: Eurostat - Turnover and volume of sales in wholesale and retail trade, OECD - Revisions Analysis Dataset

Notes:

1. Data for EU, Germany, Spain, France, Italy and UK is provided by Eurostat and is measured by index of deflated turnover of retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

2. Data for Canada, Japan and USA are provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and are measured by index of retail trade volume.

3. There is no November data available for Canada, Japan and USA.

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

The varying performance of the retail sector in different countries will likely reflect difference in the level of restrictions policies to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Figure 4 shows that there is some evidence that the extent of restrictions introduced is associated with lower levels of retail sales. This is highlighted by the inverse relationship between the Retail Sales Index and the Oxford Government Response Tracker Index.

Figure 4: Observing the Oxford Government Response Tracker Index figures, there appears to be an inverse relationship with retail sales across EU and G7 countries

Value of Index of deflated turnover of retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles, Index of Retail Trade Volume, Oxford Government Response Index, 2020

Source: Eurostat - Turnover and volume of sales in wholesale and retail trade, Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

Notes:

1. For further details on the methodology to calculate the Government Stringency Index, please see Methodology for calculating indices.

2. Data for Retail Sales Index is the same as provided in Figure 3.

3. The Oxford Government Response Tracker systematically collects information on several different common policy responses that governments have taken to respond to the pandemic.

4. The Government Stringency Index is based on nine response indicators including school closures and travel bans to give a rescaled value from 0 to 100, (100= strictest response).

5. Government Stringency Index figures are provided as an average for the given month.

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Notes for: Retail sales around the world

The Oxford Government Stringency Index is based on nine response indicators, including school closures and travel bans, to give a rescaled value from 0 to 100, (100 = strictest response).
Back to table of contents

4. Retail sales trends by retail sectors

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been varied on the retail industry, reflecting the effects of voluntary and involuntary responses and the subsequent change in goods and services that we have consumed over the year. For example, there has been a sharp decline in spending on fuel, as the move to working from home and other restrictions on mobility limited the demand for fuel.

Figure 5 shows that all retail sectors experienced falls in volume sales from March 2020, except food stores and non-store retailing. The increase in food stores reflects that they were not impacted by store closure guidelines, as well as food being an essential purchase. Food stores saw strong growth in March 2020, which is likely to reflect stockpiling of essential foods due to concerns around disruptions to supply chains. In the EU, while the sales of non-food products dropped by 23.8% in April 2020 year-on-year, the sales of food, beverages and tobacco increased by 1.2%. Similarly, in the US, there were large falls in sectors such as accommodation and restaurants (PDF, 1.25MB). However, these declines were partly offset by the large rise in food and beverage store sales. Baker and others (2020) find evidence of stockpiling, followed by a reduction in spending near the end of March (PDF, 2.15MB) from household-level transaction data.

Figure 5: In December, clothing and fuel remain below their pre-pandemic level; both sectors have been hit by the pandemic and restrictions

Value of UK retail sales at current prices, by retail sector, seasonally adjusted, Great Britain, index February 2020=100

Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Business Survey

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Experimental faster indicators on spending on debit and credit cards help provide further insight into how restrictions have impacted on different types of consumer spending.

Figure 6 shows that in the UK spending across categories fell sharply from March 2020 with some variation in spending trends between categories throughout the rest of the year.

The spending categories are:

staples - companies that sell essential goods that households need to purchase, such as food and utilities

work-related - companies providing public transport or selling petrol

delayable - companies selling goods whose purchase could be delayed, such as clothing or furnishings

social - spending on travel and eating out

The sharpest decline was in social spending, as public health restrictions and voluntary social distancing were in effect for much of the year to varying extents. There was also a fall in work-related consumption, as there was a large shift towards working from home in response to the pandemic, in line with the official figures showing that there has been a sharp decline in spending on fuel.

Figure 6: In the week to 21 January 2021, the aggregate CHAPS-based indicator of debit and credit card purchases remained at 35% below its February 2020 average

Index February 2020 = 100, percentage change on a backward looking seven-day rolling average,13 January 2020 to 21 January 2021, non-seasonally adjusted, nominal prices, UK

Source: ONS and Bank of England calculations

Notes:

1. The value of Clearing House Automated Payment System (CHAPS) is a faster indicator which records payments received by large UK companies from their credit and debit card processors. CHAPS provides an indicator of UK companies' transactions made by customers, both via physical and online platforms. More information on the indicator is provided in a Bank of England methodology article.

2. Introduction of lockdowns and other restriction polices are expected to differ between the four UK nations.

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Back to table of contents

5. Online sales

The COVID-19 pandemic has appeared to accelerate the shift to online sales, especially with non-essential physical stores forced to close. Customers have turned to online platforms while retailers have responded by raising capacity to facilitate online shopping, click-and-collect services, and home deliveries. Figure 7 presents the overall trend for online sales, whose share of all retail spending rose sharply at the start of the pandemic. By May 2020, online sales reached a record high share of all retail spending of around 34%, climbing from 20% in February. Since then the share of online sales have fallen a little, which is likely to reflect re-opening of physical stores, though remain significantly above the pre-pandemic levels.

Another spike in online spending was noticeable following the introduction of the second lockdown in England in November, reinforcing how the closure of non-essential retail has led to a behavioural change in how we consume goods and services. The boost in online spending might also be explained by Black Friday promotions online, and consumers relying more on internet platforms for their Christmas shopping. The CBI reported that the pickup in online sales during November's lockdown was the fastest since October 2018, while growth in online sales continued above average rates in December for the third consecutive month, which signal consumers moving to online shopping from in-store purchases, as retailers and consumers continue to adapt to online shopping.

Figure 7: The share of online sales rose to a record high in May and continues to remain above pre-pandemic levels

Great Britain internet sales index: value seasonally adjusted internet sales as a proportion of all retailing, 2013 to 2020

Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Business Survey

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Online spending: international comparisons

Figure 8 shows online sales growth trends with selected countries (France, Germany, Spain and Italy) and the EU, which reported strong monthly growth in online sales between March and May 2020. Spain saw growth of around 35% in online sales in April, with the EU average at 15%. Further evidence from literature finds that based on Spain's credit card transactions, in the period post-lockdown, online market share of total expenditure grew by around 50% (from around 12% to above 22%). For most countries, total online sales fell in June and July, as there was an easing of restrictions during the early summer period which led to some customers in these countries to return to in-store shopping. More recent figures show that online shopping sales picked up in October as some restrictions were re-imposed.

Figure 8: In April and May selected EU countries saw an upsurge in online sales, growth that slowed as restrictions loosened

Retail sales through mail order houses or by internet, index of deflated turnover as a percentage change on the previous period (monthly), 2020

Source: Eurostat - Turnover and volume of sales in wholesale and retail trade

Notes:

1. Data are provided by Eurostat.

2. There is no November data available for France.

Download this chart

Image .csv .xls

Back to table of contents

6. Insights from using new timely transactions data

As part of our response to the coronavirus pandemic, we have developed a range of real-time indicators to provide more timely and higher-frequency insights into how the economy is evolving over time. We have been working collaboratively with the financial technology company Revolut ¹ to gain higher frequency data on consumer spending. Revolut customers tend to be younger and more metropolitan than average with a fast-growing customer base of several million in the UK, so spending may not be representative of the overall UK macroeconomic picture. To address this, we have applied weightings to adjust for user-base growth and sectoral representation. Also, as the attributes of the user-base are largely constant over time, a comparative analysis across periods (in a "difference-in-differences" fashion) can provide valuable insights into the relative impacts of different lockdowns.

Total card spending

Figure 9 shows that the different restrictions and lockdown policies introduced in the home nations at various points in time have led to differences in card spending between nations and within merchant groups ². These variations arise partly from differences in introduction date, duration, and severity of these restrictions. Examples of this include the Wales fire-break lockdown, England's tier restrictions, Scotland's tier restrictions, and Northern Ireland's hospitality restrictions.

Figure 9: Daily total card expenditure by UK nation and sector

7-day rolling average of adjusted indexed values (100 = day of week average February 2020)

Source: Revolut, ONS calculations

Notes:

1. Introduction of lockdowns and other restriction polices are expected to differ between the four UK nations.

2. Geographic locations are defined by Revolut cardholder address rather than merchant location.

3. Merchant category codes classify businesses dependent upon primary business categories, which can then be grouped up to higher, mutually exclusive sectoral levels. In this analysis, Entertainment includes pubs, restaurants, and social venues; Retail spending includes clothing and footwear, department stores, mixed retail businesses, household goods, and other retailers; Food and drink includes supermarkets, convenience stores, and other food and drink providers.

4. UK: Lockdown 1 - 23 February 2020, Lockdown 3 - 5 January 2021; England: Lockdown 2 - 5 November 2020, Wales: Fire-break - 23 October 2020; Northern Ireland: Lockdown 2 - 19 October 2020, Lockdown 3 - 27 November 2020.

Download this image

.png (195.5 kB)

All nations saw a large reduction in card spending following the first national lockdown restrictions. Food and drink spending (which captures supermarket spending) sees a spike prior to the first lockdown, likely reflecting the effects of stockpiling amidst concerns around supply chain disruptions and increased time spent at home. There were subsequently smaller spikes for the second and third lockdowns, which might in part be due to reduced uncertainty around the availability of these goods and services. Food and drink spending activity has generally been above its pre-pandemic (February 2020) level throughout the year due to fewer restrictive policies on this sector and the shutting down of restaurants.

Entertainment spending - which contains pubs and restaurants spending - was consistently impacted most since March 2020. The impact on entertainment spending likely reflects how the hospitality industry has been subject to government policies to reduce the rate of virus transmission, such as complete closures and limits on the number of households that can mix in pubs and restaurants. The Eat Out to Help Out scheme in August 2020 drove a recovery in the sector but it reversed as restrictions were tightened from September.

Retail spending fell across nations in response to the first national lockdown, seeing increases over time and returned to pre-pandemic levels in late June 2020. Additionally, spending spikes were observed before and after the introduction of later restrictions such as the second England lockdown before Christmas, where some seasonal spending may have been displaced due to behavioural changes.

Table 1 shows how the value of total card transactions fell in the first 13 days of each of the lockdowns in England, relative to a pre-pandemic reference. It compares the impact on merchant categories using daily data to provide a breakdown at a total level. Overall, spending patterns of the second and third lockdown were broadly similar but less severe than the first lockdown, with entertainment and retail expenditure markedly less impacted during the latter lockdowns. This might reflect that the restrictions were generally more stringent in the first lockdown, while there may have been more adjustment to online activities by consumers and businesses in later lockdowns.

There is some tentative evidence that this improvement in the second lockdown was bolstered by Black Friday (27 November 2020) and Cyber Monday (30 November 2020) spending, as well as seasonally expected Christmas spend. This could reflect that some retailers adapted more effectively to new restrictions, for example by offering click-and-collect services during the second lockdown.

Notes:

1. Lockdown 1 started on 23 March, Lockdown 2 started on 5 November, Lockdown 3 started on 5 January.

2. Baseline, 100 = day of week average February 2020.

In-store and online card spending

Table 2 shows that in-store values for both entertainment and retail during lockdowns saw larger decreases from the pre-pandemic reference period than for online transactions, with retail performing better than entertainment during the second and third lockdowns. This might reflect the introduction of COVID-19 guideline measures that enabled increased in-store activity and the potential bringing forward of some early Christmas spend, with Black Friday and Cyber Monday also likely having some impact on spending levels during lockdown two retail and entertainment categories. In-store food and drink spending saw values close to the pre-pandemic levels during periods of lockdown, evidently in part due to the essential nature of supermarket spending and subsequently less targeted government policy on this sector.

Online card spending has overall been less impacted by the imposition of lockdown restrictions, as there has likely been a substitution away from in-store purchases throughout the lockdowns. This is reflected by much higher online spend for food and drink, as well as retail, where online delivery demand and capacities have likely increased since the first lockdown. The net impact of this would also reflect companies' capability and adaptability to provide consumers online alternatives to in-store spending, as well as how well consumers adjust to these alternatives.

Notes

1. Lockdown 1 started on 23 March, Lockdown 2 started on 5 November, Lockdown 3 started on 5 January.

2. Baseline, 100 = day of week average February 2020.

Notes for: Insights from using new timely transactions data

1. Geographic nations are defined by Revolut cardholder address rather than merchant location.

2. Merchant category codes classify businesses dependent upon primary business categories, which can then be grouped up to higher, mutually exclusive sectoral levels. In this analysis, entertainment includes pubs, restaurants, and social venues. Retail spending includes clothing and footwear, department stores, mixed retail businesses, household goods, and other retailers. Food and drink includes supermarkets, convenience stores, and other food and drink providers.

Back to table of contents

7. Future developments

We will continue to analyse official retail sales estimates and complementary real time data to monitor developments in the retail sector. We expect the continued lockdown and easing of restrictions in the future to have further impacts on retail sales and consumption patterns. This could contribute to the evidence base of the pandemic's impact on retail sector and inform policy decisions.
Back to table of contents

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on retail sales in 2020

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Insights into the impact of the pandemic on retail in 2020, including how the national and local lockdowns and restrictions impacted on retail expenditure.

# data[].attributes.body
What opportunities can the business of retail take to restore normality

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
With the current situation, it feels like being in retail is about surviving.

Retailers are in survival mode, desperately trying to maintain routes to market and supply chains in a world turned upside down by the COVID-19 pandemic. Suddenly having the ability to conduct business online is vital to continuance. Even start-ups and local producers are setting up online shops and rapidly upscaling their Social Media presence to make it through the next few days, weeks and months of Social Distancing.

But what happens after the current lockdown ends and the world slowly starts to return to the new normal? In a post-COVID-19 world, the retail industry will have changed in ways that we will feel the effects for years to come.

However, out of the crisis, new opportunities are arising.

The current crisis will create many opportunities for retail businesses to thrive and grow. Eventually, people will return to high streets and shopping centres. Savvy retailers will meet consumers' social and emotional needs for shopping trips and days out, needs that have been elevated by weeks of lockdown. However, to truly thrive in the new era, businesses will also need a robust online presence and a reliable supply chain. The shift to ecommerce will continue as late adopters, through necessity, have now experienced the conveniences of online shopping. Many of these new online shoppers will remain in this sphere.

We have seen a significant change in purchasing habits, as consumers are forced to adapt to where and how they shop. This effect is a knock-on from supply chains struggling to get goods into the major retailers, and essential products prioritised over luxuries. Rather than a weekly supermarket shop, consumers are buying in bulk and shopping directly with their favourite brands. Many of these new trends will become habits as consumers realise the convenience, savings and emotional benefits on offer.

Retailers have taken products and services online that they would have never even considered a few weeks ago. Consumers have seen that it is possible to get their favourite local artisan bread and take part in a workout class from the comfort of their own homes. All of a sudden, a world of new possibility has opened up for both businesses and consumers to access goods and services online and in ways previously not explored.

Unfortunately, there are also openings in the market where some retailers have been unable to weather the storm.

New markets, new customers and changing consumer habits.......how can retailers take advantage of these opportunities to grow and thrive?

One way to ensure your business can take advantage of current and emerging opportunities is to consider moving Storage and Fulfilment to an Outsourced Solution like PHL. Many companies will be entering the world of online order fulfilment and logistics for the first time.... and finding out the challenges this brings. Other companies may be re-evaluating their current logistics arrangements and looking at how to future proof their supply chain and online delivery services.

One thing COVID-19 has taught us is that Delivery and Logistics provisions will need to have flex and scalability to cope with the demand and changes in shopping habits. Fulfilment experts, such as PHL, have robust contingency plans and resources in place to deal with either a rapid increase or decrease in orders, stock and customer services. So if you suddenly find your business swamped with demand, there will be flex in the system to manage this as effortlessly as possible. Conversely, if you find the need for your products and services drop, you will not be carrying too much overhead in your logistics operation for it to be a drag on finances.

Outsourcing logistics can also help business agility in times of disruption, freeing up time to focus on business development while adding services and know-how rapidly. PHL can make sure you are in the best position to react to a changing marketplace, adapting your business quickly and efficiently and without disruption. One of our newest clients shared the following feedback about their experience during the COVID-19 crisis.

"I just wanted to personally thank you and the entire team at PHL for working so hard. You guys have been awesome, and we have not even felt the effect of the virus crisis when it comes to your response and quality of work.

We are very fortunate to have found you guys, especially now that Nimble is growing so fast and needed Rockstar partners to grow with."

Smart retailers will also find themselves auditing their sales and marketing plans in light of the opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies will want to re-evaluate how much emphasis they place on direct online sales, rather than relying on major retailers and marketplaces such as Amazon.

An excellent eCommerce store not only provides an independent route to market but offers many advantages; from complete control over how you showcase your brand to how customers' experience your products and services. Creating loyalty with bulk discounts, free shipping, and reward programs will all be essential to capitalise on changing habits and winning market share.

A fantastic website and robust logistics are just some of the ways new and existing online business to help adapt to the changing retail landscape and take advantage of new opportunities and consumer habits. To find out more about PHL's top tips for achieving online success, read our Top 10 Fulfilment Tips for Growing Your Online Business in 2020!

Laura Palmer

Laura is Head of Business Development at PHL. She became a member of the PHL team almost ten years ago and came from a customer service and retail background. Since joining PHL, she has worked her way up from an Account Manager to join our Executive Team as a key decision-maker and influencer at Board level. Laura has vast experience across both marketing and ecommerce, managing major client accounts such as Whirlpool UK, Del Monte and Urban Eat. Laura's background gives her considerable insight into the ecommerce industry from both a sales and a logistics perspective, which she is excited to bring to the Modern Retail Editorial Board.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How retail businesses can adapt to a post COVID-19 world | Modern Retail

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With the current situation, it feels like being in retail is about surviving. Retailers are in survival mode, desperately trying to maintain routes to market and supply chains in a world turned upside down by the COVID-19 pandemic. Suddenly having the ability to conduct business online is vital ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

Quality Allotment Greenhouses. Free, Safe Home Delivery. Use SPRING10 for £10 off Now. Greenhouses for sale from the top brands with free UK delivery. Massive Range. Top Quality. 5 Star Reviews. Expert Advice. Free NI Delivery. Low Prices.

Size of your greenhouse It's best to go for one that's at least 6ft wide; 8ft wide will enable you to put staging (shelves) on both sides. The eaves should be at least 1.5m (5ft) tall to let in plenty of light. Most gardeners wish they had a bigger greenhouse, so choose the biggest you can afford and have room for.

What is the standard size of a greenhouse?

How small can a greenhouse be?

Virginia - From your Internet address - Learn more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
greenhouse dimensions uk - Google Search

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. Quality Allotment Greenhouses. Free, Safe Home Delivery. Use SPRING10 for £10 off Now. Greenhouses for sale from the top brands with free UK delivery. Massive Range. Top Quality. 5 Star Reviews. Expert Advice. Free NI Delivery. Low Prices.

# data[].attributes.body
Using the Gucci garden campaign imagery and videos, they use the sounds of birds and animal noises you may here in the garden. This would sound lovely if echoed in the greens house, lifting the greenhouse garden atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
Sizes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What Makes A Piano A Baby Grand?

Grand pianos, the three-legged "horizontally-sitting" stringed instruments were developed 300 years ago, an offshoot of the harpsichord and pianoforte. Originally, in sizes ranging from 6 to 8 feet, they were used in salons and house concerts. In time, larger concert halls and venues required more powerful sound, so the concert grand evolved into 9 and 10-foot pianos for professional solo and orchestral needs.

However, the increasing popularity of the piano in private homes, resulted in the need for a smaller grand piano. Upright pianos were being used because they didn't take up a lot of floor space, but many people preferred the look of the three-legged design, if it was only smaller.

So how do you downsize a grand piano to a "baby" grand?

The 88-key keyboard had evolved (acoustic pianos with less keys were produced until the 1900's) and become the standard piano width. More innovation would come with actions and stringing inside the case but the keyboard width itself could not be made smaller and still satisfy the wide musical scope of pianists.

So, in order to downsize the grand piano, it would have to be the string length and the tail of the piano that could be altered, not the width.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What Makes A Piano A Baby Grand? Grand pianos, the three-legged "horizontally-sitting" stringed instruments were developed 300 years ago, an offshoot of the harpsichord and pianoforte. Originally, in sizes ranging from 6 to 8 feet, they were used in salons and house concerts.

# data[].attributes.body
"The palace which used to house the “Gucci Museo”, has recently been transformed into “Gucci Garden” – a project conceived by creative director Alessandro Michele. "

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Behind the doors of the historic Florentine Palazzo della Mercanzia lies a creative paradise. The palace which used to house the "Gucci Museo", has recently been transformed into "Gucci Garden" - a project conceived by creative director Alessandro Michele. The newly designed space features a store with one-of-a-kind items, the Gucci Osteria da Massimo Bottura and the Gucci Garden Galleria exhibition, curated by criticand head ofthe BA degree course in Fashion Design and Multimedia Arts at Iuav University in Venice, Maria Luisa Frisa.

Discovering Gucci Garden: A mixture of high fashion, art and gourmet cuisine

Gucci Garden pays hommage to Florence as the cultural center of Italy and Europe, especially during the Renaissance. All under one roof you will find high fashion, as well as visual arts and fine gourmet food.

The ground floor Gucci Boutique stocks products exclusively designed for the Gucci Garden and not on sale in any other Gucci stores. Products such as shoes and bags in special materials, and one-of-a-kind silk bombers embroidered with the Gucci Garden Gothic script will all feature a distinctive Gucci Garden label and come in packaging exclusive to the bazaar-like boutique. You will also find a selection of innovative art magazines and publications, and a collection of books-both current niche titles and antique classics.

Also on the ground floor is a fancy restaurant by Michelin Star Chef Massimo Bottura. Gucci Osteria is offering a menu of iconic Italian dishes as well as conceptual twists on classics for the all-day dining venue.

The Gucci Garden Galleria occupies the first and second floors of the Palazzo and tells the story of the house via an exhibition including clothing, accessories, video installations, artworks, documents and artefacts.

Furthermore, Gucci Garden Galleria is a place combining the real with the imaginary. It's the presentation of a vision that embraces history, objects, anecdotes and geography all at the same time. In a series of rooms a story unfolds, beginning in 1921 and arriving at the present day, ready to be reactivated in a constellation where the past meets the present. Gucci Garden Galleria is also a laboratory where the elements that have built up Gucci's mythology over time can be observed.

Two rooms in the Galleria which resemble museums of natural history, explore Alessandro Michele's penchant for the iconography of animals and gardens. The displays of clothing, accessories and objects show how his interest has been fuelled by the fact that these motifs have been part of the Gucci narrative since its inception, and how they have always informed the design pendulum at the House, expressed in a manner that swings between the natural and the hyper-artificial. Nature bursts out in these rooms, as seen with the 1960s drawings of Vittorio Accornero showing dense floral bouquets and insects, just like with the modern Gucci Tian motif.

Back in time with Gucci: From the 1920s to the present

The double G has been, for generations, one of the most charismatic monograms, and was inspired by the initials of the founder, Guccio Gucci. It quickly appeared on suitcases and travel bags, which were the first products that the leather manufactory Gucci had produced back in the 1920s.

In the Gucci Garden Archive you will find vintage bags, suitcases, hatboxes, beauty cases, trunks, and luggage hinting at cosmopolitan traveling - a jet-set lifestyle which right from the outset defined the core of Gucci's clientele. The lift-boy in uniform wearing a drummer-boy's cap, a character often immortalised by Hollywood cinema, becomes a heraldic element and is engraved on the brass plates which appear inside Gucci luggages in the 1930s.

Twenty years later, the lift-boy got replaced by a knight in armour carrying his suitcase. Thus, the Florentine Middle Ages merge with stylish contemporary life. A wall-storage display exhibits objects made of extraordinary materials, unusual sizes and shapes as well as a narrative comment on the idea of the journey and its transformation over time.

The fabrics were interpreted in various ways and presented alongside unpredictable combinations with the two metal Gs, set against one another or turned upside down.

The brand was changing and received a touch of punk character, introduced by the stylist Simon Foxton. Its symbolism is ubiquitous, to the point of appearing on the hip hop scene from the mid 1980s. This was just one of the many form in which the brand's wide-ranging inspiration was manifested in pop culture.

Today, the subversive practices of artists like Trevor Andrew have become part of Alessandro Michele's imaginary vocabulary, which is enriched by words such as "Guccification" promising a new story and a manifesto for both the brand and for our time.

Without any doubt, the Gucci Garden expresses a love of hand-work and craftsmanship that echoes the Palazzo's mercantile origins and the brand's history of artisan workmanship. Half of the 8€ ticket price for the Gucci Garden Galleria will be donated to support restoration projects in the city of Florence.

Don't miss this creative paradise in the heart of Florence!

Address: Piazza della Signoria, 10, 50122 Florence, Italy / Opening hours: Daily from 10am until 11.30pm

All photos by Judith Bradlwarter. ©

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gucci Garden: Exploring the history of an Italian leather icon

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Behind the doors of the historic Florentine Palazzo della Mercanzia lies a creative paradise. The palace which used to house the "Gucci Museo", has recently been transformed into "Gucci Garden" - a project conceived by creative director Alessandro Michele.

# data[].attributes.body
A Song For The Rose Eau de Parfum: "An expression of absolute femininity, Bulgarian Rose extract is captured in its purest form, just before its harvest in the field. Blended with sweet Musk and strong Woods notes."

The Voice of the Snake Eau de Parfum: "A powerful and captivating scent, Oud is combined with Patchouli and notes of Saffron for an intense, woody fragrance that captures the mysterious and hypnotizing nature of the snake."

Tears Of Iris Eau de Parfum: "One of the most ancient ingredients in perfumery, the Iris flower emits a sensual, woody scent blended with Sandalwood, Angelica Seeds and Musks."

The Last Day Of Summer Eau de Parfum: "Evoking the distinctive scent of changing seasons, The Last Days of Summer references the House's connection to the symbolism of the renewal of life and death. The sumptuous and warm fragrance is made up of Cedarwoods, Cypress and Nutmeg, nuanced by powerful woody and earthy notes of Patchouli and Vetiver."

Winter's Spring Eau de Parfum: "Representing the first sign of spring at the end of winter, Mimosa blends with notes of Pepper and Musk. A bright and joyful scent, Winter's Spring conveys an immediate rush of energy and light."

The Virgin Violet Eau de Parfum: "Dominating a delicate composition of Musk and Iris petals, Violet extract emits a soft, powdery fragrance. Bold Vanilla notes nuance the graceful scent with a deep character."

The Eyes of The Tiger Eau de Parfum: "An opulent Amber extract blended with woody Ciste resin and a dark hint of Vanilla, The Eyes of the Tiger evokes Chinese mythology which connects amber to the 'soul of a tiger' descended to earth and embodies the feline's dangerous and sensitive nature."

# data[].attributes.headline
THINGS TO CONSIDER MENTIONING IN THE POP UP (PURFUME)

# data[].attributes.subject
THINGS TO CONSIDER MENTIONING IN THE POP UP (PURFUME)

# data[].attributes.body
The perfumes can be used to layer one on top of the other, which can create a customised blend.
The 'Flacons of the Eau de Parfum' line is inspired by the first perfumery containers displayed of in apothecaries

# data[].attributes.body
Gucci The Alchemist's Garden: Gucci's First Haute Couture Perfume Line ~ New Fragrances (fragrantica.com)

# data[].attributes.body
GUCCI® UK Official Site | Redefining Luxury Fashion

# data[].attributes.body
Marking the centenary of Gucci, a special new fragrance called 1921 enters The Alchemist’s Garden luxury collection. Created around the distinctive Neroli Flower, the scent also features—in another nod to House heritage—the Limone Cedrato fruit from Florence, the city where Gucci was founded.

A new fragrance, the first to be sold at Gucci Garden since its opening in January 2018, is inspired by the living, collaborative and creative space from which it takes its name. The House’s first scent to be presented in limited edition—in 1,000 black lacquered glass bottles, individually numbered by hand—joins The Alchemist’s Garden luxury collection.

Gucci Garden eau de parfum’s key ingredient is the broom flower, offering floral, sweet, honey-like and fruity notes and is underlined with violet and benzoin. The combined effect of these three ingredients is a sophisticated floral scent, redolent of the ancient mysteries of the earth.

The scent is exclusively available in-person at the Gucci Garden boutique in Florence or can be ordered remotely in most parts of Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
Beautiful Bouquets, Events & Weddings | Nikki Tibbles Wild at Heart

# data[].attributes.body
In line with the occasion, Gucci Garden has also debuted its first limited-edition fragrance, part of The Alchemist’s Garden collection. On display within the Gucci Garden, visitors should be on the lookout for the new scent (limited to 1,000 bottles), which has been packaged in a dark, lacquered glass reminiscent of a vintage apothecary, and emits notes of the magical broom flower, along with more subtle hints of violet and benzoin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Pearl Fontaine

May 17, 2021

For the occasion of Gucci's 100th anniversary, Gucci Garden in Florence has reopend with the exhibition "Archetypes." Diving into the house's expansive, magical vision under the care of Creative Director Alessandro Michele, the immersive show engulfs viewers in a series of artfully crafted environments looking to the inspirations behind its collections from recent years.

"I thought it was interesting to accompany people in these first six years of adventure, inviting them to cross the imaginary, the narrative, the unexpected, the glitter. So, I created a playground of emotions that are the same as in the campaigns, because they are the most explicit journey into my imagery," said Michele, who curated the exhibition.

To translate Michele's collections into physical environments, Gucci called upon the design studio Archivio Personale. Beginning in a staged behind-the-scenes operations center, visitors at the Gucci Garden will find themselves faced with 15 collections transformed into physical spaces-ranging from the Cruise 2016 "GUCCI GOTHIC," to Fall/Winter 2016 "Tokyo Lights," to the Spring/Summer 2020 "Of Course a Horse" collection.

"Archetypes" encompasses experiences like a multi-screen installation looking at Gucci's renowned lipstick campaign with singer Dani Miller; a hidden garden from the campaign "Gucci Bloom," expressing a new vision of femininity with Dakota Johnson, Petra Collins, and Hari Nef"; and a circular projection giving visitors the impression they are dancing in line with the performers from the Pre-Fall 2017 collection, all accessible in-person and through a virtual tour online, presented by Roblox.

Viewers will also find themselves faced with a graffitied staircase offering an homage to the Parisian youth of "May 68," from the house's Pre-Fall 2018 collection; a hand-painted mural by multi-disciplinary artist Ignasi Monreal; a retro bathroom scene in red from the "Rebellious Romantics" collection; a mystical, mirrored hall exhibiting imagery from "The Dionysus Dance"; an embodiment of "#GUCCICOLLECTORS" featuring vast encasements of collected items like butterflies, clocks, and shoes; and more.

In line with the occasion, Gucci Garden has also debuted its first limited-edition fragrance, part of The Alchemist's Garden collection. On display within the Gucci Garden, visitors should be on the lookout for the new scent (limited to 1,000 bottles), which has been packaged in a dark, lacquered glass reminiscent of a vintage apothecary, and emits notes of the magical broom flower, along with more subtle hints of violet and benzoin.

Go inside the worlds of art, fashion, design, and lifestyle.

Subscribe to the Newsletter

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gucci Garden Reopens Celebrating 100 Years of Gucci

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Pearl Fontaine May 17, 2021 For the occasion of Gucci's 100th anniversary, Gucci Garden in Florence has reopend with the exhibition "Archetypes." Diving into the house's expansive, magical vision under the care of Creative Director Alessandro Michele, the immersive show engulfs viewers in a series of artfully crafted environments looking to the inspirations behind its collections from recent years.

# data[].attributes.body
“Gucci Garden Archetypes takes a closer look at the various inspirations across music, art, travel and pop culture spheres that come together to form the label’s promotional shots.”

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
PAUSE Online | Men's Fashion, Street Style, Fashion News & Streetwear

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Italian luxury label, Gucci has today unveiled their latest exhibition dubbed 'Florence Gucci Garden Archetypes' - an immersive multimedia experience that explores and celebrates the House's creative vision.

Pulling from their rich history and dotting elements of their revered campaigns and collections throughout, Gucci Garden Archetypes takes a closer look at the various inspirations across music, art, travel and pop culture spheres that come together to form the label's promotional shots. Speaking on the news, Alessandro Michele, curator of the exhibition commented;

"I thought it was interesting to accompany people in these first six years of adventure, inviting them to cross the imaginary, the narrative, the unexpected, the glitter. So, I created a playground of emotions that are the same as in the campaigns, because they are the most explicit journey into my imagery, "

Check out some shots of the space below and view the exhibition for yourself via Roblox will open its digital doors on May 17th for two weeks only.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gucci Celebrate 100 Years of Business with 'Gucci Garden' Exhibition

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Italian luxury label, Gucci has today unveiled their latest exhibition dubbed 'Florence Gucci Garden Archetypes' - an immersive multimedia experience that explores and celebrates the House's creative vision.