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The Crusades or the "Holy Wars" were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims. The wars started when they both wanted to secure control of the Holy Land. Both parties believe the Holy land was a sacred site. To the Christians, the Holy Land was the place Jesus was crucified, arose from the dead and ascended to Heaven. The Holy Land to the Jews was the place where Abraham was given this land from God. Finally the Holy Land to the Muslims was the place Muhammad ascended into Heaven to meet Allah. There were two perspectives for fighting for the Holy Land. One perspective was the Christians believed they were fighting in the name of Jesus and to take the place of his birth. The other perspective was the Muslims.  They believed they were defending land that was theirs. The effects of the Crusades were that Europeans never regained the Holy Land and many people died but cultural diffusion increased, increased trade between the Middle East and Europe, Feudalism decreased and a increase in demand of goods from the East. The Crusades connects to the Enduring Issue of Interconnectedness in that after the war, Europe and the Middle East had cultural diffusion and increased trade. Even though both parties lost many lives, it lead to them having interconnectedness.

Source:
https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ZJeuxwKVqGj6OylbIlZnc8Af5Yq1FVnedCRAqPyvfOw/edit#slide=id.p18

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Judaism is monotheistic. Which means they only believe in one God.  The founders of Judaism are Moses and Abraham. The main location is in Israel/Middle east but people practice this religion worldwide.Their Holy book is the Torah. The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures. It explains how the 10 Commandments should be carried out. Another key belief is the 10 Commandments. The Commandments provide a guide to behavior for Jews. Holidays that Judaism followers follow are Hanukkah, Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah. Hanukkah is the festive of lights, it is celebrated for 8 days and each day they light one candle on the Menorah. Yom Kippur is the day of Atonement. They claim its the day God decides each persons fate. Finally Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year. It is one of the holiest days.  Israel has made Judaism into its religion. Judaism impacts its followers every day by its followers following the code of ethics, Ten Commandments and the Torah. It tells them how to act every day. Judaism connects to the enduring issue of Impact of Ideas and Beliefs because Judaism is a religion that shaped the way people view the world.

Sources:
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/SfgwwfVWJEOSkMP2G_AYc3EEmsp27oRPD5drvdBZf6seXe7xxRAM9XCTz6_KleBd4DTOkGD9UTsXRYw=w1366-h617

https://kami.app/VQX-Zke-cRN

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hanukkah

https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/yom-kippur-history

https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/rosh-hashanah-history

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Christianity is monotheistic same as Judaism. Christianity was derived from Judaism. The founder of Christianity was Jesus. Christianity originated in Judea/Jerusalem(Modern Day Israel). Around 2 billion people all over the world follow Christianity.  The sacred texts for Christianity are the Holy Bible, that separates into the New Testament and the Old Testament. There are three sections of Christianity,  Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant. Some holidays followed by Christians are Christmas and Easter. Christmas is the celebration of when Jesus was born. Easter is the resurrection of Christ. Some empires/nations made Christianity into a official religion such as Armenia, Abyssinia, Georgia, Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. Christianity impacts their followers everyday of their lives. Such as the Ten Commandments and the Bible. Both sacred texts tell people how they should act and treat others. Which makes them go out and treat people with respect .Finally Christians have been persecuted by the Jews and Romans for believing in Christianity during the first century of the Christian Era. Christianity connects to the Enduring Issue of Impact of Ideas and Beliefs because Christianity is the most popular religion in the world and that it also shaped the way many people view the world.

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1McydauDwxdjRwbKtayuybLWV47R7XfFbUVIUKIiQ5D8/edit

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HCulAZx1mVUSEltdglQKFnwW5tfr_Z0A9advSP4qBCY/edit

https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/history-of-easter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_state

https://www.mindmeister.com/generic_files/get_file/1730663?filetype=attachment_file

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians

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Islam is monotheistic such as Judaism and Christianity. Islam was derived from Judaism. The founder of Islam is Muhammad. The religion of Islam originated in Saudi Arabia(Middle East). Today it has 1.8 billion people all over the world following the religion of Islam, it is the second most practiced religion. Islam's sacred text is the Qur'an/Koran. The Qur'an is the sacred scripture of Islam. The Qur'an was revealed by the angel Gabriel to Muhammad. It contains the literal transcript of God's speech and to constitute earthly reproduction of uncreated and eternal heavenly origin. Another holy text is the 5 pillars. They are acts that are mandatory for believers in the Islam. The 5 pillars are Declaration of Faith, Daily Prayer, Charity to the Poor, Fasting during Ramadan and The Hajj. Holidays practiced by Islams are Ramadan and Eid Mubarak. Ramadan is a month of fasting, praying, reflection and community. Eid Mubarak is a feast festival after Ramadan. Saudi Arabia has made Islam its official religion. Islam had a golden age from the 8th century to the 14th century. It was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific advancements. Islam impacts its followers everyday because its sacred texts and the 5 pillars. Its followers worship and practice the 5 pillars everyday in their daily life. Such as praying five times a day, giving money to the poor, declaration of faith, the Hajj and fasting during Ramadan. Islam connects to Impact of Ideas and Beliefs in that it is the second most followed religion and that it has shaped many people's views in our world.

Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_Mubarak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age#:~:text=The%20Islamic%20Golden%20Age%20(Arabic,century%20to%20the%2014th%20century.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HCulAZx1mVUSEltdglQKFnwW5tfr_Z0A9advSP4qBCY/edit

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Equal rights movements have been going on for decades but nothing such as powerful as the most recent Black Lives matter movement. The most recent movement started in Minnesota, when Derek Micheal Chauvin put his knee on George Floyds neck for 8 minutes because Mr.Floyd had a counterfeit $20 bill. This lead to Floyd's death which caused a huge movement for BLM. People protested for Black Lives Matter, walked streets with signs, shirts and voices. People were enraged with what happened to George Floyd. Which led to rioting. People were moved by what happened and started to protest all around United States. Currently there are still movements for equal rights but nothing as powerful as the one in Minnesota. This connects to the enduring issue of Impact of Ideas and Beliefs because it made many people view the world differently after this movement. For example, there is still racism in United States.

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The Mongolian Empire was part of the ethnic groups in Central Asia. The empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. Their land empire was huge spanning from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Danube River and the shores of Persian Gulf in the west. The Mongols protected and had connections with other countries and the ones they controlled. They taught new ways of making war and taught the effectiveness of gunpowder. Another example of interconnectedness was that they protected and helped out Russia. Which led to them having a connection with Russia. Trade increased between them and protection increased as well. The Mongolian empire connects to interconnectedness by that they had connections with different countries which lead to increase of trade and cultural diffusion.

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jo7LVA7_EZhtRCWAy7BGKq5e5TZBOwr8_LxZXIh-QX4/edit

https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongol-empire

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1B_KZSoch3RzXX8s4WVAZ-O7jM4a4YDlL9Cqfcy-T6nI/edit

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The Columbian Exchange was general process of globalization that used oceanic voyaging during the 15th and 16th centuries. Christopher Columbus voyages during 1492 caused that Columbian Exchange to occur. This changed the world forever. It allowed Europe and Africa to transfer goods. The Columbian Exchange allowed Europe to have a connection with the New World. They sent fruits,vegetables and animals over which lead to those things being traded for other things from the Native Americans. The effects of the Columbian Trade where that many Native Americans died due to diseases. Their immune system was't strong enough to combat the disease.The Columbian Exchange connects to Impact of Interconnectedness in that Europe was able to have a relationship with the Natives over in the New World(North America). This relationship caused trade to increase and cultural diffusion as well.

Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Columbian-exchange

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1e03XfYxZKcqpij5HvjzrsUXsjnE2kmChIigLIF6O_ps/edit#slide=id.p4

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In the end of 2019, a sickness was starting to arise but it wasn't so bad. But a couple of months later in March of 2020, the sickness had already spread to  almost every country in the world and most of the people were hit with this type of sickness. It was called Covid-19. It originated in Wuhan, China. At first people didn't know what It did to them but during March, people where getting sick left and right. It was almost like the Flu but it had more of a mortality rate.  Covid-19 caused people to get so sick, they were sent to the hospital. For others Covid killed loved ones. This led  to jobs, schools, stores, and other places to shut down. People had to wear masks, keep 6 feet of distance apart, sanitize and wash their hands, and to quarantine. Everybody were getting upset during quarantine. They couldn't see their friends and family which took a toll on their mental health. People had to go to school and work online which was a good thing and a bad thing. It was good because you could wear your pajamas during school and work. But the bad thing was that you didn't have the same effect as learning in person. A year later, life was getting close to normal again. A vaccine was getting released, people were going back to in person school and work. Covid-19 was a heavy hitter to every person in the world. Covid-19 connects to the enduring issue of Impact of Interconnectedness because everyone had to come together as a whole to slowly take down Covid. We all gained relationships with people which helped us through it. We all had to wear a mask to protect one another. Some examples of us showing interconnectedness. Scientists from different nations worked together to make a vaccine, doctors worked together to cure sick patients.