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Sportsnets- athletes are willing to play even with the risk of injury 

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Sportsnets- athletes are willing to play even with the risk of injury 

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Shows how cultural and interpersonal messages can encourage individuals to play with pain and injuries).

Pain and injury is almost normalised in sport ( athletes are socialised to accept this).

Coherent cultural belief system known as 'culture of risk' (Frey,1991) - general cultural values linking pain tolerance to the demonstration of (masculine) character, management and institutional rationalizations of pain and injuries as ''part of the game' 'and ''for the good of the team''.
Athletes must almost accept the fate of injury if they wish to compete in sport.

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This article focuses on the dietary preoccupations of gymnasts and how they manage their bodies

The concept of the sport ethic has been used to explain the meaning of extreme and overconforming athlete behavior

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Serious involvement in sport exposes athletes to the risk of chronic pain, injury and even permanent disability

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Serious involvement in sport exposes athletes to the risk of chronic pain, injury and even permanent disability

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"Culture of risk" - role pressure, inducements to play with pain and injury, cultural values linking pain tolerance to a demonstration of "masculinity", management and institutional rationalizations of pain and injuries as "part of the game" and "for the good of the team", the learning experiences athletes have to have to be able to play hurt and come back from serious injuries and the need to push oneself and accept or ignore the risk of injuries

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"Culture of risk" - role pressure, inducements to play with pain and injury, cultural values linking pain tolerance to a demonstration of "masculinity", management and institutional rationalizations of pain and injuries as "part of the game" and "for the good of the team", the learning experiences athletes have to have to be able to play hurt and come back from serious injuries and the need to push oneself and accept or ignore the risk of injuries

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Athletes are highly routinized and compulsively follow training regimes that ensure they are prepared to perform at standards that are rising continuously (pg.41).
Therefore:  as body weight control becomes incorporated into the methods to train and condition the body, there is a likelihood that diet and food intake may become obsessional, leading to subclinical eating problems (Rosen, McKeag, Hough, & Curley, 1986; Brunberg, 1988; Hsu, 1990 (pg.42).  Additionally, Certain sports requiring power, such as football, rugby, and sprinting, have demanded substantial weight increases, and this in turn has created ethical problems in the use of banned substances used to enhance body building efforts.

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"nongamers"- people who complained about injury and didn't want to play whilst in pain

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"nongamers"- people who complained about injury and didn't want to play whilst in pain

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When athletes use the "sport ethic" which emphasizes sacrifice for The Game, seeking distinction, taking risks, and challenging limits-as an exclusive guide for their behaviour, sport and sport participation become especially vulnerable to corruption

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"gamers"- people who hid the true extent pf their injuries so that they could continue playing, even with injuries that were not deemed as "playable" 

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"gamers"- people who hid the true extent pf their injuries so that they could continue playing, even with injuries that were not deemed as "playable" 

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"players don't seek medical answers for their health because sportsnet contacts provide them with cultural and interpersonal messages rationalizing pain and injury" (Nixon, 1992)

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"players don't seek medical answers for their health because sportsnet contacts provide them with cultural and interpersonal messages rationalizing pain and injury" (Nixon, 1992)

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Modern organized sport such as the Olympic Games use highly rationalized methods of athlete preparation to achieve high performance goals but as they become recognized, they also become normalized (The Sport Ethic) 

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Modern organized sport such as the Olympic Games use highly rationalized methods of athlete preparation to achieve high performance goals but as they become recognized, they also become normalized (The Sport Ethic) 

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"Culture of risk"
Sportsnets
Risk of chronic pain, injury and permanent disability
"Gamers and Non-gamers"

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Overconformity to the ethics of the weight control etc can lead to unhealthy habits of doping, underreating etc.

E.g. Eddie Hall- input/output system of his body, lost the enjoyment of eating, begins doping to improve his performance.

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Ideology - Is a set of ideas and beliefs that people use to understand things in society

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Ideology - Is a set of ideas and beliefs that people use to understand things in society

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Performance Ideology :        The win at all costs attitude

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Performance Ideology :        The win at all costs attitude

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"Deviance grounded in overconformity to the sport ethic presents special control problems in sport. Owners, managers, sponsors, and coaches-all of whom exercise control within sport-often benefit when athletes overaccept and overconform to the sport ethic (Young, 1991)"

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"many athletes who clearly realize they will never win championships or make money from their athletic accomplishments still engage in deviance, includ- ing on-the-field violence and taking performance enhancing drugs. This is not to say that a desire to win or make money is irrelevant to athletes; both are important parts of the overall context in which many forms of deviance occur. But much deviance among athletes clearly rests in overconforming to the positive values promoted through the sport ethic itself."

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As long as athletes are committed to the sport ethic without qualification, they will think it honorable to try anything to stay involved in sport.This is not only the spirit in which Ben Johnson took steroids but also the spirit in which a substitute football player on an American football team with a mediocre record takes steroids.Of course they want to win, but the main reason for their deviance. is to live up to the ideal of being an athlete and to maintain membership in the athletic fraternity. Their goal is to show through their deeds that they belong in a special group, a group comprised of people willing to pay the price, strive for distinction, accept risks, and exceed limits.

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Sport can lead to an unhealthy obsession with food or diet as well as weight management.

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Sport can lead to an unhealthy obsession with food or diet as well as weight management.