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SONAR refers to Sound Navigation and Ranging. The principle of reflection of sound is used in SONAR. SONAR is used to measure the depth of the ocean. Ultrasonic waves are sent from the ship down into the sea. They are received back after reflection from the sea bed. The depth is calculated by noting the time period .

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A SONAR works on the same principle as that of an echo. Echoes are produced when a sound wave is reflected back on hitting an obstacle in its path. The reflected sound wave will then travel back to the source.

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1. a source sends out a sound wave
2.the sound wave goes out and bounces of an object causing an echo.
3.the echo returns to the source.
4.the time it takes for the echo to return to the source is recorded.
5.the speed of sound in water is known.
(1507 meters per second)

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There are three types of issues:
Bug – A coding mistake that can lead to an error or unexpected behavior at runtime. Vulnerability – A point in your code that's open to attack.
Code Smell – A maintainability issue that makes your code confusing and difficult to maintain.

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Special sonars are used in ships and submarines for underwater communications.

Medical imaging for the detection of cysts and cancer cells is done using sonar and this method is known as sonogram.

It is used for the detection of enemy vessels and torpedoes by the military.