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- German-born theoretical physicist who developed the Theory of relativity and one of the two pillars of modern physics.
- Wrote a letter and urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to start the building of atomic bomb since German started the development ahead.

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- Laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers and that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels.
- The equation E = mc² is an intriguing point that justifies a small matter can release a large amount of energy which made war weaponry producers develop the atomic bomb.

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- Austrian neurologist
- Founder of psychoanalysis, the studying of unconscious mind. Inspired the Surrealism art.

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- A philosophy concerned with finding oneself and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility.
- People's doubts in the Western culture as an effect of the first world war. ("Man was most able to prove himself worthy in isolation" According to Hemingway in his book The Old and the Sea.

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- German philosopher and cultural critic who published intensively in the 1870s and 1880s.
- Predicted nihilism or the radical skepticism that condemns existence, challenging all moral, religious, and metaphysics convictions.

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- Founded in 1920, inspired by Sigmund Freud to portray the fantasies and dreams of the subconscious.
- Fruit of the war's destruction of respect for life, human faith in man and God.

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- Originated in African American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.
- Played a big part of 1920s pop culture, Harlem Renaissance.

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- Charles Augustus Lindbergh, nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist.
- First man to fly across the Atlantic. Considered as one the American Heroes specially in the roaring 20s.

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- Parliamentary government with many political parties involved to prevent one party to be "too strong."
- Popular front: Coalition of Socialists, Communists, and moderates in France to keep the democratic government and help the working class during the Great Depression.

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- Germany's new democratic government set up in 1919.
- Failed and got replaced immediately because they lacked strong democratic government, there were also too many political parties and German people blame them in Germany's defeat in the war and humiliation in Versailles Treaty.

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- Severe worldwide economic depression that started in the 1930s.
- Caused by USA's stock market, overproduction, agricultural incompetence, bankruptcy, and buying on credit. On the other hand, Britain, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway tried and effectively made their economy stable and intact.

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- 32nd President of USA from 1933 until his death in 1945. Brought back American people's faith and hope during the Great Depression with his optimism and fireside chats (Talking to people through radio about his plans for USA.)
- Developed the New Deal that focuses on Relief, Recovery, and Reform (3R's) by providing jobs for unemployed men and removing and renewing already-existing programs.

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- President Franklin D. Roosevelt solution to revive America's economy during the Great Depression. Massive government intervention to help the society.
- Includes the programs WPA (Works Progress Administration), Banking Act of 1935, SSA (Social Security Administration), etc...

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- An ideology that stresses nationalism and dictatorship over citizens' welfare and individual rights.
- Mussolini takes power in Italy and founded the Fascist Party in 1919.

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- Fascist Party in Italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to World War II.
- Fought against Socialists and Communists to gain power. Mussolini seizes power in military coup by 1922 and Italy became the model Fascist state.

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- Born in Austria. Attempted to get into an Arts school but got rejected twice. He served in German military during the first world war and receive two Iron Cross medal for bravery. Disillusioned with the results of the war and Versailles Treaty and lead the Nazi Party.
- Legally elected in Reichstag and used that advantage to rule Germany the way he wanted it to.

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- A type of Fascism that is a combination of nationalism and racism.
- Hitler established in Germany, claiming the Aryan is the dominant race and everyone else is below the Aryan race therefore should be exterminated.

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- Written by Hitler while he is in prison for nine months after trying to overthrow the Munich government.
- Main themes are Nationalism, condemning the Versailles Treaty, Racism, and Lebensraum or Living Space meaning expansion of Germany's land territory.

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- "Living space"
- Expanding Germany's empire to the east as part of Hitler's idea to make Germany a world power.

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- Conciliation. Giving into aggressor to keep peace.
- Hitler to successfully transfer troops to the Rhineland in March 7, 1936 which led to further military actions because of Britain's appeasement.

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- Started in October 1936 with Rome-Berlin Axis when Mussolini and Hitler come into an agreement. Later on, they also made an agreement with Japan's leader, Hirohito.
- Dictator powers who fought together against the Allied nations in World War II.

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- Spanish Dictator who rose to power in 1939.
- Failing democratic government in 1936 lead to fascist revolt. Mussolini and Hitler backed up Franco's force (Nationalist) by sending troops, tanks, and airplanes.

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- A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
- USA refused to join the League of Nations in order to avoid unnecessary involvement in the war of allies.

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- Dictatorship rule in Germany under the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler.
- Rise of anti-Semitism, as part of Hitler's plan for Germany into becoming a world power. Took away Jews' rights then proceeded into wiping out their entire population in Germany's land surface (genocide).

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- Held in Munich on September 28-29, 1938 with British, French, and Italian leaders agreed that Germany can annex certain parts of Czechoslovakia.
- In hopes of keeping peace in Europe, Prime Minister Chamberlain and French leader Eduard Daladier agreed to Hitler's attainment of Sudetenland as part of the appeasement.