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1993 Toni Morrison becomes the first African-American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

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1967 Champion boxer Muhammad Ali refuses to fight in the Vietnam war. His passport is taken away and he is banned from boxing. Ali wns the legal battle to return to boxing in 1971 and becomes World Champion.

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1965 The Contraversial black activist Malcom X is assasinated, 'X' represents the unknown African name of his ancestors.

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1963 Martin Luther King leads a march of more than 250000 people in Washington and delivers his famous speech: "I have a dream''. In 1964 King is awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

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1856 Rosa Parks is arrested for violating segregation when she refuses to give her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery.
Alabama Black civil rights activists, led by Martin Luther King, boycott all city buses in protest. After one year the laws are abolished.

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1920 The African-American cultural movement called the Harlem-Renaissance is at its height in the 1920. Jazz and Blues became popular and musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington are famous.

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1890 Segregation laws are introduced in Suthern states in a series of "jim Crow" laws. Blacks are segregated from whites on public transport and in public places.

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1868-1875 many arnendments are made to the constitution to give civil rights to African-Americans.

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1861-1865 Civili war breaks out between the Confederate Southern states and the Union. In 1865 the Union wins and Slavery is abolished.

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1852 The Underground Railway is an anti-slavery organisation that helps slaves who have escaped to cross the border into Canada.

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1777 Vermont is the first state to ablish slavery.

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1775 the Pennsylvanian Society for the Abolition of Slavery is the first American organisation to  fight against slavery. its president is Benjamin Franklin.

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1662 Anthony Johnson becomes the first free African-American. He buys his freedom and creates the first free black community.

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In 1619 the first black slaves are brought to America from Angola. They are sold in a special slave action in Jamestown, Virginia. Most slaves work on the large tabacco, sugar and cotton plantations. 40 million Africans are shipped as slaves to America. Many die on the journey.