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1922/Franz Kafka / Short Story

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-Third son of the writer

-Born in Austria-Hungary 1883

-Never enjoyed religious events

-finished school at 13
-Worked at an insurance company

-opened an asbestos factory

-died of tuberculosis whilst editing “A Hunger Artist”

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William Golding/ 1954/ Fiction, Dystopian, Allegory, speculative

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1937 /\ John Steinbeck /\ Fiction, Novella, Tragedy

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Director: Baz Luhrmann

Screenplay: Baz Luhrmann & Craig Pearce

Novel Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald

Date: 2013 (1925 Novel)

Genre: Drama, Romance

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Born 1911, UK. Father teacher, mother suffragette. Married 1939. Fought in WW2 in Royal Navy.

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1932/Aldous Huxley / Science Fiction, Utopian and dystopian fiction

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Set in around 1950s, in uninhabited island. We hear of a nuclear war happening. Boys are from UK

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1958 /\ Chinua Achebe /\ Historical fiction

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Conforms to a variety of genres. Shows the dystopian future of atomic war. Coming-of-age, the development of young boys and adolescents. Allegory, can be seen as representation of ideas.

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Ken Kesey / 1962 / Phycological Drama

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-Born in Colorado America 1935 -Family of farmers -escalating wrestling career till he injured shoulder
- Kesey volunteered to take part in what turned out to be a CIA-financed study on the effects of psychoactive drugs, particularly LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, aMT, and DMT on people. -Kesey's role as a medical guinea pig, at the Veterans' Administration hospital, inspired him to write One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
-Ken and a group of friends they called the Merry Pranksters took a cross-country trip in a school bus nicknamed Further whilst on LSD
-Ken’s son Jed Keseys's died in 1984 which deeply affected Kesey, who later called Jed a victim of policies that had starved the team of funding.
-Ken died of cancer and a liver tumor in 2001

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Themes: CIVILISATION VS. SAVAGERY, Loss of innocence, The nature of evil
Issues: The consequence of war, adverse effects of complete freedom, power and its effect
Ideas: absolute power corrupts absolutely, there is an inescapable darkness in people, evil is not an external, but internal force.

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The boys are 'rescued' by civilization, representing that civilization can overcome savagry.
Represents loss of innocence as a negative.
Uses imagery and allegory to represent the nature of evil, as well as symbolism.

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Third Person Omniscient, allows for various vantage points of characters. Allows for the protagonists (Ralphs) perspective to be presented, as well as the antagonists (Jacks). The Third Person Omniscient is very useful in presenting perspectives that can be interpreted by the reader, as it is presented with little bias from the author.

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Using the third person narration, using emotive language, using imagery. Represents Ralph's as superior.

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Allusion to the Bible, indirectly
Allusion to other stories such as Treasure Island, Swallows and Amazons, and Coral Island, directly.
Irony that the story Coral Island is often referred to, as it is about boys stranded on an island having a wonderful adventure.
Personification is often used i.e. 'a thread of white smoke climbed up the sky
Foreshadowing in the beginning when a falling  rock destroys a path. Later, Piggy is killed by a rock and Ralph is forced out of hiding by rocks thrown at him
Hyperbole are used, and allow for the children to be represented as what they are- children
Similies are often used
Symbolism of the Conch and Piggy's glasses to represent civilization. The 'beast' symbolizing the savagery and evil within each person. The beast, before it is in physical form, also represents fear.
Dialogue of the characters reveal a lot about them
Tone Golding constantly uses tone to present his voice, and to position the audience.

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Author: Harper Lee
Date: 11 July 1960
Genre: Southern Gothic, Coming-of-Age Fiction

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F. Scott Fitzgerald:

Born 24 September 1896.

Joined the Army in 1917 and fell in love with Zelda. Fitzgerald needed wealth and fame to convince Zelda to marry him. Fitzgerald saw the moral emptiness and hypocrisy in the seductive and exiting Jazz Age.

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Harper Lee:

Born 28 April 1926.
Lee grew up in a small town and her father was a lawyer. However, lee maintains that the text was intended to portray not her own childhood home but rather a nonspecific Southern town.

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Scout Finch:

She lives with her brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, in the sleepy Alabama town of Maycomb. Maycomb is suffering through the Great Depression, but Atticus is a prominent lawyer and the Finch family is reasonably well off in comparison to the rest of society.

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12 Chapters (interestingly a 'Holy number')
The structure is driven largely by the characters themselves, only three key external forces influenced: Plane crash, parachutist, rescue. The rest of the events were driven by the characters and their responses and actions.
The gradual increase of tension, with the slow increase of savagery and fear of the beast, leads to the climax; the meeting of Simon and the Lord of the Flies. After that, Piggy and Simon's death are followed by the resolution of the rescue.

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"'I don't care what [you] call me so long as...[it's not] what they used to call me in school...They used to call me Piggy!'" Chapter 1, pg. 11

Foreshadowing"[There was] something dark...fumbling along....The creature was a party of boys, marching approximately in...two parallel lines...." Chapter 1, pg. 18

Characterization "[Jack was] tall, thin, and bony...his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was...freckled, and ugly without silliness." Chapter 1, pg. 19

Irony (Jack saying this)"'We've got to have rules and obey them. After all, we're not savages. We're English, and the English are best at everything.'" Chapter 2, pg. 40

"[Jack] tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up." Chapter 3, pg. 47

Personification and imagery"The candle-buds opened their wide white flowers....Their scent spilled out into the air and took possession of the island." Chapter 3, pg. 52

"He [Jack] began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling." Chapter 4, pg. 58

"'Life...is scientific....I know there isn't no beast...but I know there isn't no fear, either....Unless we get frightened of people.'" Chapter 5, pg. 76

"'Daddy said they haven't found all the animals in the sea yet.'" Chapter 5, pg. 79

Key turning point  "'Maybe there is a beast....maybe it's only us.'" Chapter 5, pg. 80

"The world, that understandable and lawful world, was slipping away." Chapter 5, pg. 82

"'Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in!'" Chapter 7, pg. 104

"'This head is for the beast. It's a gift.'" Chapter 8, pg. 124

Key rising action "'You knew, didn't you? I'm part of you? Close, close, close! I'm the reason why it's no go? Why things are what they are?'" Chapter 8, pg. 130

"'Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!'" Chapter 9, pg. 138

Climax"There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws." Chapter 9, pg. 139

"[S]urrounded by a fringe of inquisitive bright creatures, itself a silver shape beneath the steadfast constellations, Simon's dead body moved out toward the open sea." Chapter 9, pg. 140

"'We'd better keep on the right side of [the beast]....You can't tell what he might do.'" Chapter 10, pg. 146

"'[We should be] looking like we used to, washed and hair brushed -- after all we aren't savages really....'" Chapter 11, pg. 155

Symbolism "The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist." Chapter 11, pg. 164

Irony "Piggy's arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pig's after it has been killed." Chapter 11, pg. 165

"Ralph launched himself like a cat; stabbed, snarling, with the spear, and the savage doubled up." Chapter 12, pp. 177-8

"'I should have thought that a pack of British boys...would have been able to put up a better show than that....'" Chapter 12, pg. 184

Resolution "Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy." Chapter 12, pg. 184

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George Orwell/1949/Dystopian, science fiction

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Eric Arthur Blair, born 1903.
1922 became imperial officer in Burma. Traveled extensively. Saw the effects of totalitarian gov. in Russia, Spain, Burma.
Later explored the poorer parts of London etc.
Written at the time of the beginning of the Cold War, and end of the violent end of the Second World War.

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Set in what was London. Became part of 'Oceania'. Completely totalitarian. Two other contries mentioned; Eurasia and Eastasia. Obviously set in 1984.

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The Dystopian genre could be defined as:  A futuristic, imagined universe in which oppressive societal control and the illusion of a perfect society are maintained through corporate, bureaucratic, technological, moral, or totalitarian control.  Dystopias, through an exaggerated worst-case scenario, make a criticism about a current trend, societal norm, or political system.
Orwell conforms largely to the foundation purpose of a Dystopian novel.
Conforms to the protaganist being the 'rebel' against the oppressive society. However, challenges the convention of a 'hopeful' ending.
Orwell's novel is a key example of a dystopian novel, therefore not challenging many conventions.

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Themes: love vs order, sexuality as expression, the importance of expression, individuality v society, the power of the individual, the importance of language.
Issues: The prevention of totalitarian governments, big v small government, security v freedom.
Ideas: A person is only important when they are part of a larger whole, challenging the idea that 'love conquers all', absolute power corrupts absolutely

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Winston 'loving Big Brother' represents the idea of 'love conquers all' as impossible. The use of tone and language features in describing the affair between Julia and Winston, showing the idea of the importance of expression and love and sexuality as expression as positive, and Winston's use of this to rebel against the Party. .
Orwell adresses the larger issue of totalitarian gov. in modern society, through the dystopian depiction of one, encouraging prevention or even intervention.

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The use of third person limited omniscient, meaning we are directly given only Winston's perspective. We experience and live  through his same fear, joy, anger and the destruction.
Winston's perspective is one of pessimism, he believes that the Party will 'win in the end', but decides to still rebel against the Party through his affair with Julia. He recognizes the faults within the system, and desires truth rather than security.

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Constructed using tone, language features, text structures, and narrative point of view.
His perspective is ultimately seen as impossible, futile.
The Perspective of 'Control over Freedom' of the Party is represented as superior.

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Symbolism of the paper weight and St Clements Church, as Winston's connection to the past. Of Winston's mother, better pre-Party days. The Red-Armed Prole Women as freedom. Winston's Ulcer, represents Winston sexual suppression.
Personification to allow for the Party to be seen as one character, and better identified as the antagonist. "If the Party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that even, it never happened—that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death."
Irony to show the absurdity of the Party in their slogans “War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength,”
Repetition of slogans, to reinforce the idea of propaganda.
Allusion to events that had occurred in Hitler's Germany and Stalinist's Russia, i.e. the 'spies' alluding to the Hitler Youth.
Similes and Metaphors are used throughout, to represent perspectives and create characterization.
Foreshadowing when Winston sees the picture of the St Clements Dane, it hints at the rhyme often repeated throughout the novel, and of its ending ' a chopper to chop off your head'.

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Nick Carraway:

A young man from Minnesota, moves to New York in the summer of 1922 to learn about the bond business. He rents a house in the West Egg district of Long Island, a wealthy but unfashionable area populated by the new rich, who are prone to garish displays of wealth.

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The book is divided in three equal parts all very specific.

There are thus three main movements :

description of main character against the setting. Emphasis on setting : a regimented world. Last from the 4th to the 6th of April = 2 days.

transformation of Winston's life through temporary happiness (Julia). This part lasts from April to August = 5 months.

imprisonment, torture and final abandonment of intellectual integrity = ugliness. Lasts from August to May = 9 months.

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Page 3:

"You had to live—did live, from habit that became instinct—in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every moment scrutinized."

Page 4 (first appearance):

"WAR IS PEACE / FREEDOM IS SLAVERY / IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH."

Page 24:

"It was almost normal for people over thirty to be frightened of their own children."

Page 25:

" 'We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness.' "

Page 125:

"Almost as swiftly as he had imagined it, she had torn her clothes off, and when she flung them aside it was with that same magnificent gesture by which a whole civilization seemed to be annihilated."

Page 126:

"No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act."

Page 180 Characterization and allusion:

"On a scarlet-draped platform an orator of the Inner Party, a small lean man with disproportionately long arms and a large, bald skull over which a few lank lock straggled, was haranguing the crowd."

Page 267:

" 'If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face—forever.'

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-Set In early English possibly early 1900s

-The ability for society to indulge in more entertainment

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Not effective to use

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Themes

- Separation of artist from society (1)

- Fruitlessness of hunger

Issues

- Consumer society (2)

- Materialism

Ideas

- Society fails to understand art

- The hunger for completion

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-The death of the artist’s profession (1)
- The replacement of the hunger artist with a panther (1)(2)

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The Decline of the American Dream in the 1920s
The reckless jubilance that led to decadent parties and wild jazz music, resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream

The Hollowness of the Upper Class
Sociology of wealth, specifically, how the newly minted millionaires of the 1920s

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-Loyalty to one’s art (1)

-Entertainment is consumable and

unappreciated by society (2)

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-The hunger artist (1)

-Society (2)

-The narrator (1)

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-Resolution at the beginning

-Rising action after he joined the circus

-Climax with his conversation with the overseer

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W.W. Jacobs/ 1902/Horror, short stor

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“When . . . some leisurely passer-by stopped . . . and spoke of cheating, that was in its way the stupidest lie ever invented by indifference and inborn malice, since it was not the hunger artist who was cheating, he was working honestly, but the world was cheating him of his reward.”  “’If I had found [the food I liked], believe me, I should have made no fuss and stuffed myself like you or anyone else.’ These were his last words, but in his dimming eyes there remained the firm though no longer proud persuasion that he was still continuing to fast.”

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Wrote mainly comedy. Born to an impoverished family, London, born 1863. Mother died when he was very young.

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The Coexistence of Good and Evil

The exploration of the moral nature of human beings—that is, whether people are essentially good or essentially evil.

The Importance of Moral Education

The texts moral questions takes place within the perspective of children, the education of children is necessarily involved in the development of all of the novel’s themes

The Existence of Social Inequality.

Social status is explored largely through social hierarchy of Maycomb

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Geography:

The East Egg represents the old aristocracy, West Egg the newly rich, the valley of ashes the moral and social decay of America.

Weather:

The weather unfailingly matches the emotional and narrative tone of the story.

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Country home. Dynamic is father, mother, son. Set around early 1900s, UK. Stories of India mid-1800s.

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-Born in England 1894

-High achieving family

-Huxley's education began in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory

-He contracted an eye disease which made him unfit to become a doctor

-Worked in a “high-tech” chemical plant

-He began writing fulltime in his 20s and they were mostly political satires

-moved to America in 1937

-1959 Huxley turned down an offer to be knighted

-died 1963 on the same day as the John F. Kennedy assassination

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Gothic Details:

Lee adds Drama and atmosphere by including Gothic Details.

Small-town life:

Contrasting Gothic, Lee uses the slow-paced, good-natured values of Maycomb.

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Plot:

There are 2 plots:

Adventures of Jem and Scout, and the trial of Tom Robinson.

Point of View:

The point of view is Scout’s, which made for a very entertaining read

Setting:

Trial more believable to be set in Deep South.

Style:

The style was conversational and light, since the narrator was a little girl.

Symbolism:

This book is loaded with symbolism. Jem and Scout symbolize innocence, etc.

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In May 1948, Steinbeck returned to California on an emergency trip to be with his friend Ed Ricketts, who had been seriously injured when a train struck his car. Ricketts died hours before Steinbeck arrived. Upon returning home, Steinbeck was confronted by Gwyn, who asked for a divorce, which became final in August. Steinbeck spent the year after Ricketts' death in deep depression.

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Chronology:

Nick's narrative starts in the present and then he starts to integrate stories of Gatsby's past, however these are not in chronological order either.

Patterning:

The repetition of phrases or colours etc creates of meaning that when repeated the reader will recognise.

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Chronology:

Nick's narrative starts in the present and then he starts to integrate stories of Gatsby's past, however these are not in chronological order either.

Patterning:

The repetition of phrases or colours etc creates of meaning that when repeated the reader will recognise.

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Challenges the genre of 'Folk Tale' while making interesting connections to it. 'Three wishes' and 'fable-like retelling'. Follows the formula of 'two foolish wishes' then one wish that remedies it.

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Double Plot:

The use of two seemingly discrete subplots. The synthesis of these two subplots is the catalyst for Scout's epiphany.

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After World War I, economic and ecological forces brought many rural poor and migrant agricultural workers from the Great Plains states, such as Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas, to California. Following World War I, a recession led to a drop in the market price of farm crops, which meant that farmers were forced to produce more goods in order to earn the same amount of money.

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“I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” – Daisy

“He had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life” – Nick

“The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God” - Nick

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Symbolism, imagery, allegory

Setting

Narrator Point of View

Genre

Tone

Writing Style (mirrors characters)

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-Set in 1950s America, during the development of curing psychological illness

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“You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.” – Atticus

“ ’Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.’ That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something...”  - Scout

“Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it. In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop . . . [s]omehow it was hotter then...” - Scout

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The predatory nature of human existence

Fraternity and the idealised male friendship

The impossibility of the American dream

The corrupting power of women

Loneliness and companionship

Strength and weakness

George and Lennie’s farm

Candy’s Dog

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Themes: Control over destiny, wisdom vs greed
Issues: How humans interfere with nature, act as a god.
Ideas :"Fate rules people's lives and those who interfere with fate do so to their sorrow."

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The main idea is actually stated as a warning by the fakir ;

"Fate rules people's lives and those who interfere with fate do so to their sorrow."  This also ties in with the theme of wisdom v greed.

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The perspective used by John Steinbeck in the novel Of Mice and Men is third person omniscient and objective. This means that the narrative is not given by a character within the story. It also means that the narrator knows everything about the characters, and the plot itself.

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The narrator of Of Mice and Men doesn't have much of a personality, like most third person omniscient narrators. The third person narrator is very detached and unemotional here. You can tell this because even though this third person omniscient narrator knows the actions of each character, you're never given much indication as to how these people actually feel.

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Colloquial language

Animal imagery

Direct style

Descriptive style for the natural world

Dialogue

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Third Person Omniscient, shows the inner thinking of all main characters. Presents the perspective that fate should not be tampered with.

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Structure (6 clear sections with 4 clear settings)

Ordered

Circular

Foreshadowing

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1) A water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting its periscope head from side to side; and it swam the length of the pool and came to the legs of a motionless heron that stood in the shallows. A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically.

2) “S’pose they was a carnival or a circus come to town, or a ball game, or any damn thing.” Old Candy nodded in appreciation of the idea. “We’d just go to her,” George said. “We wouldn’t ask nobody if we could. Jus’ say, ‘We’ll go to her,’ an’ we would. Jus’ milk the cow and sling some grain to the chickens an’ go to her.”

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Born in Nigeria in 1930, Chinua Achebe attended the University of Ibadan. In 1958, his ground-breaking novel Things Fall Apart was published. It went on to sell more than 12 million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Achebe later served as the David and Marianna Fisher University professor and professor of Africana Studies at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. He died on March 21, 2013, at age 82, in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s and portrays the clash between Nigeria’s white colonial government and the traditional culture of the indigenous Igbo people. Achebe’s novel shatters the stereotypical European portraits of native Africans. He is careful to portray the complex, advanced social institutions and artistic traditions of Igbo culture prior to its contact with Europeans. Yet he is just as careful not to stereotype the Europeans; he offers varying depictions of the white man, such as the mostly benevolent Mr. Brown, the zealous Reverend Smith, and the ruthlessly calculating District Commissioner.

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Symbolism, imagery, allegory

Setting

Narrator Point of View

Genre

Tone

Writing style (captures the cadence of the Igbo people)

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The struggle between change and tradition

Varying interpretations of masculinity

Language as a sign of cultural difference

The concept of Chi

Animal imagery

Locusts

Fire

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Third person omniscient

Though most of the novel is focused on Okonkwo, the narrator generally provides insight into the thoughts of most characters. There are times when the narration is focused around different characters – namely Ikemefuna, Nwoye, Obierika, and Ekwefi. The multiplicity of voices allows the reader to see different characters through a variety of lenses.

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Achebe captures the complexity of the Umuofia community by changing the perspective from which the story is being told frequently.
Perspective is used in Things Fall Apart to give high contrast to issues within the community, which brings out its inner complexity. When differences of opinion are highlighted, these differences show that internal pressure are causing the tribe to break down from within.

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Style of writing

Characterisation

Repetition

Figurative language

Similes

Metaphors

Personification

Irony

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Tragedy

Setting

Author’s narration

Imagery

Point of view

Foil (contrast)

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1) Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.

2) And at last the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree and on every blade of grass; they settled on the roofs and covered the bare ground. Mighty tree branches broke away under them, and the whole country became the brown-earth colour of the vast, hungry swarm.

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Using the narration, which doesn't come to his own conclusion, allows the reader to come to their own conclusions. This allows for the validity of the perspective to be subjective to the audience.

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Foreshadowing Herbert foreshadows his own death a few times. Herbert says, "Well, I don't see the money, [...] and I bet I never shall" (1) and "I expect you'll find the cash tied up in a big bag in the middle of your bed [...] and something horrible squatting up on top of the wardrobe watching you as you pocket your ill-gotten gains." (1.65)
Tone using a sympathetic, but also mischievous tone is synonymous with the genre of horror. He takes the important issues seriously, but also invites a hint of humor in the beginning.
Symbolism of Chess, in the beginning Herbet wins and Mr White loses because of his recklessness. This almost happens again in real life, but Mr White has learnt his lesson and won't take the risk of meeting Undead Herbert. Of the Monkey's Paw, standing for the evil brought by people changing fate, for guilt, vengeance and anxiety.
Allusions Multiple allusions to British colonialism in India, to Arabian Nights
Imagery of the faces in the fire, creates a foreboding tone. Image of dead Herbert, is not explicitly described, but just enough to allow the readers imagination to be fed. The imagery of the night, was extremely foreboding, preparing the audience for Herbert's resurrection. Image of the deserted road at the end, makes the reader question everything that just happened (or didn't happen?)

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-tension and drama generated through the psychological afflictions of characters
-The fear of losing one’s grasp on reality
-Altered perception of characters

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Themes

-Women as castrators (1)

-Society’s destruction of natural impulses (2)

-False diagnoses of insanity (3)

Issues

-sexism and manipulation through gender
Ideas
-Society turns people into machines

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Everything in the text revolves around three's.

The author has chosen to organise the short story in three parts, and each of these parts has its own climactic moment, with each one being stronger than the previous.

The climactic moment from part I comes when Mr White wishes for money using the monkey paw. In part II, the climactic moment is the death of Herbert being announced to the Whites. Finally, the climactic moment of part III is the moment when Herbert apparently returns from the dead and knocks at the door (which is also the climax of the whole story).
These parts are loosely structured around 3 wishes, and 3 characters within the family.
This supports the idea of superstition.

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-strong and evil nurses (1)

-Rawler committing suicide (1)(2)

-The shock shop (3)

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Supernatural
"Monkey's paw?" said Mrs. White, curiously. "Well, it's just a bit of what you might call magic, perhaps," said the sergeant-major, offhandedly. (1.21)

"It had a spell put on it by an old fakir," said the sergeant-major, "a very holy man. [...] He put a spell on it so that three separate men could each have three wishes from it." (1.26)

He took the paw, and dangling it between his forefinger and thumb, suddenly threw it upon the fire. White, with a slight cry, stooped down and snatched it off.

"Better let it burn," said the soldier, solemnly.

"If you don't want it, Morris," said the other, "give it to me." (1.41)

He sat alone in the darkness, gazing at the dying fire, and seeing faces in it. The last face was so horrible and so simian [monkey-like] that he gazed at it in amazement. It got so vivid that, with a little uneasy laugh, he felt on the table for a glass containing a little water to throw over it. His hand grasped the monkey's paw, and with a little shiver he wiped his hand on his coat and went up to bed. (1.66)

Imagery But her husband was on his hands and knees groping wildly on the floor in search of the paw. If he could only find it before the thing outside got in. (3.48)

Death
"The first man had his three wishes, yes," was the reply. "I don't know what the first two were, but the third was for death. That's how I got the paw." (1.33)

"Is he hurt?" demanded the mother.
The visitor bowed in assent. "Badly hurt," he said quietly, "but he is not in any pain." (2.17)

"He was the only one left to us," he said, turning gently to the visitor. "It is hard." (2.23)

In the huge new cemetery, some two miles distant, the old people buried their dead, and came back to a house steeped in shadow and silence. (3.1)

"Go and get it and wish," cried his wife, quivering with excitement.
The old man turned and regarded her, and his voice shook. "He has been dead ten days, and besides he – I would not tell you else, but – I could only recognize him by his clothing. If he was too terrible for you to see then, how now?" (3.24)

He raised his hand. "I wish my son alive again." (3.31)

Fate and Freewill
"It had a spell put on it by an old fakir," said the sergeant-major, "a very holy man. He wanted to show that fate ruled people's lives, and that those who interfered with it did so to their sorrow. He put a spell on it so that three separate men could each have three wishes from it." (1.26)

"I suppose all old soldiers are the same," said Mrs White. "The idea of our listening to such nonsense! How could wishes be granted in these days? And if they could, how could two hundred pounds hurt you, father?" (2.2)

"The firm wished me to convey their sincere sympathy with you in your great loss," he said, without looking round. "I beg that you will understand I am only their servant and merely obeying orders." (2.25)

"No," she cried, triumphantly; "we'll have one more. Go down and get it quickly, and wish our boy alive again." (3.17)

"We had the first wish granted," said the old woman, feverishly; "why not the second."

"A coincidence," stammered the old man. (3.22)

He heard the creaking of the bolt as it came slowly back, and at the same moment he found the monkey's paw, and frantically breathed his third and last wish. (3.48)

Family

# data[].attributes.body
-Society is and those who endorse it are machines (1)

-Insanity is controlled by society (2)

# data[].attributes.body
-The fog machine (2)

-Chief Bromden/narrator (1)

-Nurse Rached (2)

# data[].attributes.body
-Imagery of Nurse Rached transforming into a huge machine
-Metaphors of chickens, birds and Bromden’s hallucinations
-syntax of Bromden’s fragmented thoughts when he’s hurt or overwhelmed
-Characterisation of society integrated people as robotic

# data[].attributes.body
-Imagery of Nurse Rached transforming into a huge machine

-Metaphors of chickens, birds and Bromden’s hallucinations

-syntax of Bromden’s fragmented thoughts when he’s hurt or overwhelmed

-Characterisation of society integrated people as robotic

# data[].attributes.body
“As my sociology professor used to emphasise, ’there is generally one person in every situation you must never underestimate the power of.’”  “Except the sun, on these three strangers, is all of a sudden way the hell brighter than usual and I can see the . . . seams where they’re put together. And, almost, see the apparatus inside them take the words I just said and try to fit the words in here and there, this place and that, and when they find the words don’t have any place ready-made where they’ll fit, the machinery disposes of the words like they weren’t even spoken.” "You're making sense, old man, a sense of your own. You're not crazy the way they think"