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i) Limited access to safety points
ii) Weather

i) Anchoring
ii) Abrasion and Natural disaster
iii)Commercial fishing

Main points for question 4

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Potential  problems  that  you  may  face  and  include  solutions  to undersea fiber cable  connection.

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Potential  problems  that  you  may  face  and  include  solutions  to undersea fiber cable  connection.

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Submarine cables are often vulnerable to some problems in respective to human error or natural disaster. These risks vary by physical conditions of the sea floor and ocean and by political and economic characteristics of adjacent coastal states and their marine activities and industries. Some of these risks are well-established while others are emerging. Some traditional risks have been contained or even minimized, while others continue to threaten submarine cables with some regularity.
We can analyse these problems from two standpoints, first the problems with the undersea optical link post installation and second the human well being prior installing the cables.

Take Note Siva : Intro for question 4

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We can use this equation to calculate the power budget;

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This is how it should look like Siva

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For our assignment, since the distance is 5500km (From Petaling Jaya, Selangor to Seoul, Korea) thus we must use long haul optical communication.  In the past, long haul transmission is almost impossible since the attenuation and losses throughout the link cannot be compensated. But with the  advancement of technology such as Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing and EDFA amplifiers help to do the once unthinkable. Dense Wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is the key feature of modern optical communication systems.  This technology divides and combines different wavelength channels to increase the capacity of the existing optical network, each carrying an optical data signal. It is also an extension of optical networking.

comment: Arvin take note. Thanks

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Power budget is given by following equation:

P= PS - PR = Ls + Ld + NLj + a + Psm

PS – source power
PR – received power
Ls – detector coupling loss

Lj – joint loss
Psm – safety margin

Hi Siva, this is how we have to find power budget

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1. The fibre optic communication can be defined as the transfer of information via optical fiber in a form of light from one source to a destination.

2. The optical source provides the electrical-optical conversion using a semiconductor laser (LD) as it is more ideal to a long distance communication link.

3. The transmission medium consists of an optical fiber cable and receiver consist of an optical detector which drives a further electrical stage and hence provides demodulation of the optical carrier.

4. A transmission link is a point to point line that has a transmitter on one end and receiver on the other.

Comment: Hi Arvin, there are the basic info about the optical communication that will be useful for our assignment. Thank you.

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Designing a optical fiber communication link between two main branches of company located in PJ, Selangor and Seoul, Korea

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Designing a optical fiber communication link between two main branches of company located in PJ, Selangor and Seoul, Korea

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The requirement that need to be taken into consideration;

a. Minimum length of 5500km

b. Data rate of 50 Gbps

c .Bit-error-rate < 10^-9

d. Link margin of 8 dB

Comment: Arvin, we have to take all this parameter into consideration for designing the optical communication