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someone injured or killed in an accident

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unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice

Historical Context-  In a 1979 consultation on the issue, the United States commission on civil rights defined religious discrimination in relation to the civil rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Whereas religious civil liberties, such as the right to hold or not to hold a religious belief, are essential for Freedom of Religion (in the United States secured by the First Amendment), religious discrimination occurs when someone is denied " the equal protection of the laws, equality of status under the law, equal treatment in the administration of justice, and equality of opportunity and access to employment, education, housing, public services and facilities, and public accommodation because of their exercise of their right to religious freedom."

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a wooden warship of the 19th century plated with armor

Historical Context- The success of ironclads during the American Civil War showed that the age of the wooden battleship had passed. For the final nail in the coffin of the world's wooden navies we can look to the first battle between two ironclads at the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862. Wooden warships were now obsolete.

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apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire

Historical Context-  An electrical telegraph was independently developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse. His assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code signalling alphabet with Morse.

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the social process whereby cities grow

Historical Context- The Great Irish Famine. What became known as the great famine occurred between 1845 and 52 and was one of the greatest catastrophies of the nineteenth century. It resulted in the deaths of millions of people from starvation and disease and a decline in Irelands population through emigration.

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a severe shortage of food resulting in starvation and death

Historical Context- The Great Irish Famine. What became known as the great famine occurred between 1845 and 52 and was one of the greatest catastrophies of the nineteenth century. It resulted in the deaths of millions of people from starvation and disease and a decline in Irelands population through emigration.

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the body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or civil crisis); overrides civil law

Historical Context-  Brunei has been under a martial law since a rebellion occurred on 8 December 1962 known as the Brunei Revolt and was put down by British troops from Singapore

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compulsory military service

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a general and progressive increase in prices

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free from slavery or servitude

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an action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place

Historical Context- A siege is a militaryblockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit". Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static defensive position.

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of an economic system based on private ownership

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the act of keeping apart

Historical Context-  Segregation has been a part of our American heritage, almost from the moment slaves arrived on the shores of the New World. In 17th century Virginia, the theocratic government feared that racial mixing between freed and enslaved blacks and white indentured servants would become a means to usurp government power. They passed laws in which the color line was clearly defined in any criminal punishments. By treating whites and blacks separately and unequally, these Virginian leaders set up a system of white supremacy that would become an essential component of American slavery

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a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

Historical Context- A poll or head tax is one imposed equally on all adults at the time of voting and is not affected by property ownership or income. The poll tax was used in the South during and after Reconstruction as a means of circumventing the 14th Amendment and denying civil rights to blacks.

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a secret society of white Southerners in the United States

Historical Context- The history of the Ku Klux Klan in Texas extends from the Reconstruction era to the present. The original organization was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, probably in May or early June 1866, by six young Confederate veterans.

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a formal document charging a public official with misconduct

Historical Context- Two U.S. Presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives-Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998 -both later acquitted at trials held by the Senate.

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the activity of building something again

Historical Context- The Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period (1865-1877) introduced a new set of significant challenges.

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a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge

Historical Context-  The Act is often wrongly described as the origin of the writ of habeas corpus. But the writ of habeas corpus had existed in various forms in England for at least five centuries before and is thought to have originated in the 12th Century Assize of Clarendon.

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freeing someone from the control of another

Historical Context- President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free.".

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the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

Historical Context-  11 Southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi) that seceded from the Union in 1861, precipitating a civil war with the North.

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formal separation from an alliance or federation

Historical Context-  Secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the American Civil War, comprises the series of events that began on December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states in the Lower and Upper South severed their ties with the Union.

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the younger of two major political parties in the United States; GOP is an acronym for grand old party

Historical context- The GOP expanded its base throughout the South after 1968 (excepting 1976), largely due to its strength among socially conservative white Evangelical Protestants and traditionalist Roman Catholics. As white Democrats in the South lost dominance of the Democratic Party once U.S. courts declared the Democratic White Primary elections unconstitutional, the region began taking on the two-party apparatus which characterized most of the nation.

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excessive devotion to the interests of a particular region

Historical context-  Slavery was particularly sectional issue, dividing the country into north and south to the extent that it led to the civil war; for the most part , southerners supported slavery and northerners opposed it.