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"Characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing". Modernism was the fist time authors broke away from the traditional style of literature. Modernists had a more negative outlook on life and a lack of morals in their writing.

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"is a vast group of written works produced from a specific time in history through the current age" Writers used contemporary styled writing to talk about the strengths and weaknesses that one has in their current day society.

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"Reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator." Post-Modernism sees the world as ambiguous or jagged, and doesn't rely on the opinion or feelings of things rather than just facts.

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Realism: "faithful representation of reality". Realism means to reproduce the real life world in your writing to make the audience get a sense of feeling like they're actually there.
Naturalism: extreme Realism

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contemporary

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contemporary

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contemporary

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Most agree that Contemporary literature started after the 1940's. Contemporary literature reflects on the current society that the work is written in. Because of this you can't look for common themes considering society changes over time. World War II had a large impact on contemporary literature due to the horrors and chaos, which led to this style of work.

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Contemporary writers often keep the plot as realistic as possible to talk about the current time period and to almost teach about the weaknesses of their current society. Usually it's more about the character and their struggles through their current society rather than the plot itself. Contemporary literature is more common now then ever before due to movies. Because of book to movie adaptations, directors with the help of authors have been bringing books to life on screen.
-J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye
-Audrey Niffenegger, The Time Travelers Wife
-Yann Martel, Life of Pi

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post-modernism

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Because Post-Modernism doesn't go into depth on the feelings of things, when a serious topic comes up Postmodern writers like to use irony and humor.  Many postmodernists combine previous genres together to create a new sense of narrative voice. Julia Kristeva made the term intertextuality, where authors take text from a previous story and fit it into their own to work as a parallel between the two works. In post-modernism its common to reference fairy tales as a use of intertextuality.
-Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49
-Joseph Heller

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post-modernism

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Post-Modernism is believed to have started in the late 1950's following WWII. Unlike Modernism, post-modernism celebrates fragmentation and incoherence. Modernism tries to find the underlying meaning of things and events while post-modernism just cares for what's on the surface, or what is known to be fact. Post-modernism see's the world as contradictory or unfinished, thus that's what it is focused on. Postmodern writers leave things out in the open so the reader can apply his/her interpretations to the story.

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realism

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Realism first came about in the early 1900's and was used mainly by Americans and Europeans. Authors used realism as a way to replicate the real world. For example, an author could write about a real life event that had taken place, but throw in fictional characters. This is why most authors, in that time period, who used Realism in their novels were usually journalists as well. At first, majority of people disliked Realism and said it had a negative outlook on life and was too focused on the characters rather than the story itself. This is where Naturalism came to play, which is very ironic. Naturalism intensifies the character and his/her thoughts and its mundane, ordinary, plot.

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naturalism

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"think of the realist novel as an early form of docudrama"

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realism

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When using Realism authors focus on the character's feelings and internal struggles rather than the actual plot itself. In realistic novels the plot remains moderate to keep it relatable, there's no over dramatized themes. In realist novels the use of vernacular is very common to keep the nature of reality accurate. In the late 1900's American Realism had a common theme of innocence and moral righteousness, while European Realism was more deviousness and had a lack of morals.
-Mark Twain, The adventures of Huckleberry Finn
- Magazine editor, William Dean Howells, The Rise of Silas Lapham
-Considered one of the most skilled practitioner of Realism Fiction, Henry James, Daisy Miller and The Portrait of a Lady

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"Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a rejection of 19th-century traditions and of their consensus between author and reader." -Baldick

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modernism

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Modernism styled novels could have  symbolism, futurism, surrealism, expressionism, etc. however, most modernists don't associate with any of those. Modernists had a sense of chaos, skepticism, and faithlessness in their writing.
-T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land
-James Joyce, Ulysses
-Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway

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modernism

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Modernism started off as experimentation and individualism that were discouraged in the past. The first signs of Modernism was during WWI, where people watched in horror and were scared of what the future would  become. The pre-Modernist world had a sense of stability and good faith, but some saw this as repetitive and boring. Modernization is about decay and how society is seen as impersonal. This is why people argue that Modernism first made an appearance during the first World War.