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Women's rights: In the year 1848, women couldn't control over property and wages. These women stood up and gathered up at the Seneca falls convention. This was a gathering of supporters of women's rights. The declaration of independence was used as a model for the Seneca Falls Declaration of sentiments.This convention created an organized campaign for for women's rights.
Abolition of slavery:  During the mid-1800's, people were against the practice of slavery. So abolitionist movements began to form. Abolitionists gave powerful speeches and created anti-slavery newspapers in an attempt to end slavery. People like Fredrick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison were examples of Abolitionist leaders.
Temperance: The focus on this reform movement was to limit alcohol consumption
Prisons:There were problems with prisons in the mid-1800's. The main one was that The mentally ill were mistreated. Dorothea Dix made improvements to the prison system by having juvenile detention centers for children so it teaches them not to become criminals when they grow up and have separate asylums for the mentally ill.
Education: A person named Horace Mann helped improve public schools in the United States by improving teacher training and lengthening the school year to 6 months instead of a few weeks.

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 Settlers of the west and why they moved there

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 Settlers of the west and why they moved there

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Mountain men:
1.These people wanted a fur trapping business.
2.wanted to write personal journals of the Oregon and California trails
3.wanted adventure
Chinese immigrants: 1.They wanted to return to china being rich
2.They wanted to live there to start new businesses and farms
3.They wanted to spread their culture
Pioneers Women:
1.saw new opportunities in the west
2.wanted to establish new homes and farms
3.brought education and culture to new settlements.

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The phrase manifest destiny inspired hopes and dreams to Americans.This phrase meant that it was their god given right to gain land across the continent. It also meant "obvious fate".
Texas: A man named Moses Austin owned the colony of Texas. After Texas became a colony, settlers rushed to that land. Americans and Tejanos complained about each other so tension began to increase between them. Austin went to Mexico city and talked to Santa Ana the president of mexico to declare Texas as an independent state unfortunately he refused.The Texans got mad so they formed an "army" led by Sam Houston. In 1836 Santa Ana's army surrounded San Antonio and the next day, he attacked the Alamo.The Texans refused to surrender but they still lost. In April 1836 Santa Ana was forced too sign a treaty declaring the independence of Texas. When Texas became independent, most Texans were american so they wanted to join the Union.
Oregon:The northwest boundary between the United States and British North America had been a controversy. At various times the United States proposed settling the line at the 49th parallel, but the British always refused. As more and more American settlers moved into the territory people wanted to claim all of Oregon. President Polk proposed ending the agreement with Britain. Expansionists rallied to the call: “54/40 or Fight.”  But a fight never became necessary. In 1846, in a peaceful negotiation, Great Britain and the United States agreed to put the boundary where it is today—at the 49th parallel.
Mexican cession:Mexico never officially recognized the independence of Texas. Therefore, Mexico considered its annexation by the United States in 1845 to be an act of war. This caused the Mexican American war. The war officially ended in February, 1848. By the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico recognized that Texas belonged to the United States and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary between the two nations. The other provision of the treaty is called the Mexican Cession. In return for a payment of 15 million dollars, Mexico ceded roughly half its territory to the United States.
Gadsen purchase:  The United States also bought one more piece of territory from Mexico—this section along the border of New Mexico and Arizona.  The land was needed for construction of the Southern Transcontinental Railroad.  They got 10 million dollars for this small stretch of land.

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The main purpose of having slaves was to harvest crops such as cotton. Slaves would work in farms/plantations in the south. Not only they picked cotton but during the night, they had other jobs like carrying water, split wood, feed pigs, and shuck corn. Not all slaves worked in plantations. For example some worked as carpenters, blacksmiths, cooks, and servants instead of working in the fields. The living conditions of slaves weren't the best. They lived crowded together in cabins. Slaves wore clothing made of coarse homespun linen or what they called "Negro cloth".While slaves were poorly housed and clothed they were most likely to receive medical care. Slave masters often hired doctors to treat injured or sick slaves. Since doctors had limited knowledge at that time they didn't do much improving the health of slaves. Slavery was a system of forced labor. To make this system work slave masters used harsh punishments. These punishments always backfired. If a slave got badly whipped he/she would not be able to work. Slaveholders wanted slaves to feel dependent to their masters. They also kept their workers as ignorant as possible about the world beyond the plantation. At times slaves resistance turned into violent rebellions. Fear of slave revolts made slaveholders scared. In 1831 a slave named Nat Turner led an uprising in Virginia. This became known as Nat Turners Rebellion. Turner and his followers set out to kill every white person they could find. Some slaves tried to escape by running away to freedom in the North. This was a huge risk. Thousands of runaways escaped to free states and to Canada with the help of the Underground Railroad, a secret network of free blacks and sympathetic whites. The conductors provided transportation and safe houses where runaways could hide. Since too many slaves were escaping to the north, a law called The Fugitive Slave act was passed. This required northerners to help capture runaway slaves. Slaves then tried to go to Canada instead where they could truly be free.

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Sectionalism is having a divided country based on opinions. The U.S. during the 1800's was divided into 2 regions,they were the North and The South. One major difference between them is their economy's. The economy in the North was focused on manufacturing and factories while the economy in the south was focused on agriculture. Another major difference was that the North was against slavery while The South supported Slavery. The Northerners believed it was against the U.S constitution and Christian Faith. The Southerners believed that slavery was important to their economy. Plantation owners needed slaves to harvest crops like cotton.

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This was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories. There were 4 new inventions at this time. The first one was the cotton gin that was invented by Eli Whitney. This machine helped clean seeds from cotton so slaves wouldn't have to work all day trying to pick the seeds by hand. The second invention was the textile mill invented by Samuel Slate.This was a manufacturing facility where or types of cloth, are produced into clothing. The third one was the power loom that was invented by Edmund Cartwright. This was a  mechanically operated machine that combined threads to make cloth. The Fourth invention was the steam engine which was invented by James Watt. Steam power could be used to power machines in factories. Not only that but they also powered trains and steamboats. There were some positive and negative effects on the industrial revolution. A couple positive effects were that factories can be located anywhere causing urbanization and factories can hire unskilled workers thanks to the method of assembly lines. A couple of negative effects were that steam powered trains and steamboats could cause pollution and since trains and steamboats are powered by coal, it was dangerous to mine it.