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Online quiz - 4SN SMK (L) Methodist (Biology) Members: Tan Yu Zhe, Wong Cai Eei, Taufiq

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Online quiz - 4SN SMK (L) Methodist (Biology) Members: Tan Yu Zhe, Wong Cai Eei, Taufiq

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Q2: Why do vegetables in yout refrigerator become limp? How do you make them fresh again?
Answer: Vegetables become limp when they are put into the refrigerator in because they loose moisture due to cold tempertare and thus become less turgid. For a biological question, water in the cells evaportae and cayseing them to collapse. Also, during cold temperature, turgidity of plant cells decrease as a result of collapsing cells,
To make them fresh again, we have to put them in plain water for a period of time. When they are soaked in plain water, Omsois takes plave and water melocues flow from a high soluted place like in water to a plave with low solute concentration like the limp plamtd. As a result, the plants regain moisture.

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Online quiz - 4SN SMK(L) Methodist(Biology) Members: Tan Yu Zhe, Wong Cai Eei, Taufiq

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Online quiz - 4SN SMK(L) Methodist(Biology) Members: Tan Yu Zhe, Wong Cai Eei, Taufiq

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Q1: A group of surviving sailors from a shipwreck are drifted in the ocean. The sailors are weak and dehydrated due to lack of drinking water. Why can't they drink sea water?
Answer: The sailors cannot drink sea water because sea water contains a high amount of sodium which can easily cause dehydration. For a biological answer, salt water is a hypertonic solution which means there is a higher concentration of solutes and sodium. Besides, the human blood is made up of blood cells which mean if we drink seawater, our cells wil shirvel and plasma membrane crinkles up. This will lead to lack of oxygen. In addition, humans also cannot handle excess salt levels

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We will partner with nationally-branded companies such as Hovid, Pharmaniaga and CCM Duopharma Biotech to have a constant supply of high quality and safe over-the-counter products. We will organize a small campaign at each area where our vending machine is located to educate the locals about the use and safety of our machines. This will create awareness among the locals regarding our services and products. We will also place our vending machines in strategic locations such as the community hall of the village so that it is easily accessible by all the people living in that community.

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Through Vent4U, we will be able to provide the accessibility of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines for people staying in rural areas. By hiring single mothers, we provide job opportunities with flexible working hours which are what the single mothers need. Single mothers will have a job and at the same time have enough time to take care of their children due to the flexible working hours. The impacts of this project can be quantified by how many people living in villages or rural areas that gain access to our vending machines and number of single mothers being employed.

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Our Key Activity is Trading and Upkeep. We will purchase vending machines (input) and the vending machines will be placed at rural areas. We will then purchase over-the-counter medicines (input) from pharmaceutical companies and the products will be sold by us through our vending machines (activities). People from rural area will be able to purchase over-the-counter medicine via our vending machines (output). Through our vending machines, we will provide accessibility of over-the-counter medicines for people living in rural areas where they lack access to medicines (outcome). For upkeep, we will hire single mothers (input) to replenish the vending machines, keep the vending machines clean and collect money (output) from the vending machines (activities). This will ensure our vending machines are at optimum condition at all times (outcome). By hiring single mothers, we provide job opportunities for the unemployed and poor single mothers (outcome).

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https://www.marketresearch.com/Mintel-Snapshots-v2587/OTC-Medications-Malaysia-Sizes-10561265/

https://www.export.gov/article?id=Malaysia-Pharmaceuticals

https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/malaysia-pharmaceutical-market-update-2014/

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Problems faced by single mothers:

1. Emotional problems:
i. Helpless and hopeless
ii. Lack of identity
iii. Loneliness
iv. Irritable and short tempered
v. Lack of confidence

2. Immediate financial problems after husbands’ death:
i. Fulfilling basic needs of the family and personal expenses
ii. School fee
iii. Maintaining previous standard

3. Present financial problems  faced by single mothers:
i. Education of the children
ii. Food items
iii. Medical facility
iv. Clothing
v. Paying of electricity/water bills
vi. House rent

4. Social problems:
i. Depression
ii. Hard to maintain the disciplines of their children
iii. Decrease in going for social functions
iv. No proper guidance to children
v. Lack of time to take care of their children

(http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JSS/JSS-21-0-000-09-Web/JSS-21-3-000-09-Abst-PDF/JSS-21-3-197-09-814-Kotwal-N/JSS-21-3-197-09-814-Kotwal-N-Tt.pdf)

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According to the report of Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat (KPWKM) year 2014, the number of single mothers recorded in year 2010 is 235240 person.

(http://www.kpwkm.gov.my/kpwkm/uploads/files/Muat%20Turun/QUICK_FACTS_KPWKM_2014.pdf)

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OTC medications for:

1. Pain and fever
i. Acetaminophen
ii. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
iii. Aspirin

2. Common cold
i. Herbal remedies

3. Cough
i. Dextromethorphan (Delysm, Pedicare, Robitussin, Scot-Tussin, St. Joseph, Theraflu, Triaminic, Vicks 44)
ii. Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex)

4. Head and sinus congestion
i. Oral decongestants
ii. Nasal spray decongestants
iii. Humidified air and salt water nasal sprays

5. Sore throat, headache, earache, and body aches
i. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen
ii. Benzocaine (Cepacol)
iii. Eardrop antipyrine (A/B Octic, Aurodex, Rx-Octic), benzocaine (Oticaine)
iv. Dehydratedglycerin (Auralgan)
v. Anbesol

6. Sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes
i. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
ii. Loratadine (Claritin)
iii. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
iv. Fexofenadine (Allegra)

7. Upset stomach
i. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
ii. Simethicone (Gas-X, Phazyme)
iii. Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
iv. Emetrol
v. H2 blockers - Ascimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac)
vi. Asomeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid)
vii. Calcium carbonate (for example, Caltrate 600, Os-Cal 500, Rolaids, Tums),
viii. Aluminum hydroxide (for example, ALternaGEL, Dialume)
ix. Magnesium hydroxide (Phillips Milk of Magnesia)
x. Maalox

8. Constipation
i. Bisacodyl (Correctol, Dulcolax),
ii. Calcium docusate (Colace, Surfak)
iii. Senna (Ex-lax, Senokot)

9. Diarrhea
i. Attapulgite (Kaopectate, Donnagel, Diatrol)
ii. Loperamide (Imodium A-D)
iii. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

10. Sleep
i. Diphenhydramine (for example, Benadryl, Sominex, Compoz)

11. Allergies and itch
i. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
ii. Nonsedating antihistamines include loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec) and fexofenadine (Allegra)
iii. Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom)

(http://www.emedicinehealth.com/home_pharmacy/article_em.htm)

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1.  MALAYSIAN STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2009 & 2010 http://www.pharmacy.gov.my/v2/sites/default/files/document-upload/malaysian-statistics-medicines-2009-2010_0.pdf
2. Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy
http://www.mps.org.my/publications/Journal_of_Pharmacy/Malaysia_journal_of_pharmacy.pdf
3.  COUNTRY REPORT MALAYSIA
http://www.cohred.org/downloads/536.pdf
4. Accessing Healthcare In Malaysia As An Expat
http://www.expatfocus.com/c/aid=2112/articles/malaysia/accessing-healthcare-in-malaysia-as-an-expat/
5.  Malaysia Health System Review
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/series/Malaysia_Health_Systems_Review2013.pdf
6. Healthcare in Malaysia
https://www.allianzworldwidecare.com/en/support/view/national-healthcare-systems/healthcare-in-malaysia/
7. The Malaysian health system
https://www.justlanded.com/english/Malaysia/Services/Health/The-Malaysian-health-system
8. Flying doctor service improves accessibility to healthcare in remote areas of Sarawak
https://kpkesihatan.com/2014/09/25/flying-doctor-service-improves-accessibility-to-healthcare-in-rural-sarawak/
9. Flying Doctors help bridge the urban-rural healthcare divide in Malaysia
http://today.mims.com/topic/flying-doctors-help-bridge-the-urban-rural-healthcare-divide-in-malaysia
10.  HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/3880/3/CHAP_3_-_CHAP_8.pdf
11. Health Care in Malaysia: The Dynamics of Provision, Financing and Access
https://books.google.com.my/books?id=hANe_y3bPmkC&pg=PA195&lpg=PA195&dq=accessing+of+healthcare+in+remote+area+in+malaysia&source=bl&ots=rc0VYY02zn&sig=flmtzjMmf1x4XBCZ2kPYgWP12DU&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=accessing%20of%20healthcare%20in%20remote%20area%20in%20malaysia&f=false
12. Rural Pharmacy and Prescription Drugs
https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/pharmacy-and-prescription-drugs
13. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202523/
14.

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1. What are the social and/or environmental issues that you want to address? (20 points) *Your answer -Aie Ling

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1. What are the social and/or environmental issues that you want to address? (20 points) *Your answer -Aie Ling

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The social issues that we wish to address are the unemployment of single mothers due to the uncompromised working hours as they need to taking care of their children at home and thus fail to commit to a particular job. Secondly is the accessibility of over the counter medicine in remote areas. Over 44% of Malaysia's population live rurally,  limited access to licensed pharmacy services which make it difficult for rural residents to obtain needed medications, hence there has been a drive to enhance healthcare in these 'disadvantaged' areas recently. Thirdly is to minimize the drug abuses selling by unregistered vendors. A Chinese military pharmacist described the appeal of unlicensed medicine shops: “There are people who choose to seek medical help from these places, possibly because of lower prices or privacy concerns, which may increase their chances of getting counterfeit products” (Quingyun, 2012). Besides, to minimize the misuse of traditional pharmacopoeia among the indigenous communities in rural areas.

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7. What is your business model & revenue stream? (10 points) *Your answer - Lik Hao

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7. What is your business model & revenue stream? (10 points) *Your answer - Lik Hao

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In our business, single mothers will be hired to maintain and ensure the vending machines selling the over the counter medicines are well stocked and in operable condition. They will be going from one area to another area according to the planned schedule of maintenance and restocking. At the mean time, the single mothers will also learn about the knowledge about these medicine by fresh graduates from the field of pharmaceutical science. Equipped with this knowledge, the single mothers can then educate the people about the suitable supplements or medicines for different needs. Our main revenue stream will be from the sales of over the counter medicines through the vending machine which is located at different places such as public area and rural area where access to such medicines is limited. The single mothers will be given allowance based on a predetermined percentage of sales of the medicines.

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4. Who are your beneficiaries & your customers? (10 points) *Your answer - Aie Ling 

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4. Who are your beneficiaries & your customers? (10 points) *Your answer - Aie Ling 

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Our beneficiaries are the poverty-stricken single mothers who are unemployed. They would be trained to identify the types of medicines we sell and give talk during campaigns by volunteered fresh graduates medical students. Besides to ensure a fixed income for these singe mothers, their personal knowledge would be further enhanced. The customers are those residents in the village within the remote area.

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2. How will you solve the identified social and/or environmental issues? (15 points) * Your answer - Aie Ling

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2. How will you solve the identified social and/or environmental issues? (15 points) * Your answer - Aie Ling

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By having Vent4U, a vending machine selling registered over counter drugs would be placed in rural areas. The workers employed are single mothers. They only need to refill the machine on certain period of time upon finishing, so this would provide them a more flexible working time. The location of the machine is within the residence area of that particular village to increase the people's accessibility. The drugs sold is registered to ensure the safety of consumers and in a fixed price to avoid the price control by the unregistered vendors. Campaign held by single mothers who would be trained by fresh graduates of medical field to educate the villagers to overcome the false beliefs of traditional prescription.

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idea: selling over counter medicine in remote area

category: healthcare

theme: unemployment and poverty - HIRE single mothers

Location- Kampung Tualang, Perak

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Your answer
1. What are the social and/or environmental issues that you want to address? (20 points) *
Your answer -Aie Ling

2. How will you solve the identified social and/or environmental issues? (15 points) *
Your answer - Aie Ling

3. What are the key activities of your business? (Provide logic model to show your input, activities, outputs and outcomes) (15 points) *
Your answer _ Kah Chun

4. Who are your beneficiaries & your customers? (10 points) *
Your answer - Aie Ling
5. What is your social impact and how are you going to quantify them? (15 points) *
Your answer - Kah Chun
6. What is your marketing strategy? (10 points) *
Your answer - Kah Chun

7. What is your business model & revenue stream? (10 points) *
Your answer - Lik Hao

8. Facebook/YouTube/Website link on project (optional, but encouraged) *

9. Video - Kah Chun