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                       Endangered Cultures

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                       Endangered Cultures

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It is apparent that several languages are disappearing and as a part of culture, people should preserve them. Furthermore, many languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small number of people.
First and foremost, it is easy to realize that languages, especially oral language, are a quite major part of culture of a country. It helps people distinguish between nations and even regions in a country.

Below we will introduce you to some cultures and languages that are in danger of extinction:

PENAN CULTURE
The Penan Indians are an ethnic group of about 20,000 members who inhabit the inner parts of the forest of the island of Borneo. They are fantastic hunters, with the help of the "lepud" (blowpipe) that bounces darts made from carefully poisoned palm wood. In addition, Craftsmen manufacture arm and leg cuffs and bracelets.

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                    Aboriginal Tasmanians Culture

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                    Aboriginal Tasmanians Culture

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The Aboriginal Tasmanians (Tasmanian: Palawa) are the indigenous people of the Australian state of Tasmania, located south of the mainland. In the 20th century the Tasmanian Aboriginal people were erroneously thought of as being an extinct cultural and ethnic group.However, data from the 2011 census indicated that nearly 20,000 people identify as Indigenous in Tasmania.The complete Indigenous Tasmanian languages have been lost; some original Tasmanian language words remained in use with Palawa people in the Furneaux Islands and currently, there are some efforts to reconstruct a language from the available wordlists.

PALAWA

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Kichwa Language
In Ecuador there are some indigenous peoples, who speak Kichwa since this dialect is part of their lives. However, at present most indigenous people no longer speak for some reasons such as: bad friends, lack of custom and by fashion. Kichwa is a language spoken in the Sierra and in the Amazon.

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The shuar is a language spoken by a group of indigenous peoples, these are found in different parts of Ecuador like Pastaza, Morona Santiago and Orellana. However, today they are losing this language because people are interested in discovering new things and leaving their mother tongue, to learn new languages.

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ENDANGERED CULTURES

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Although the endangered languages are spoken by minority communities, these communities account for most of the world's languages. They include the tribes of Papua New Guinea, who alone speak as any as 900 languages; Aboriginal peoples of Australia, over 80% of whose native languages will die with the current generation; the native peoples of the Americas, who still retain 90% or so of their languages; the national and tribal minorities of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, speaking several thousand more languages; and marginalized European peoples such as the Irish, the Frisians, the Provençal, and the Basques.

When a language is lost, all of this must be converted in the new language-with different words, sounds, and grammar- if it is to be kept at all. Frequently traditions are abruptly lost in the process and replaced by the cultural habits of the more powerful group. For these reasons, among others, it is often very important to the community itself that its language survive.

Because so many languages are in danger of disappearing, linguists are trying to learn as much about them as possible, so that even if the language disappears, all knowledge of the language won't disappear at the same time. Researchers make videotapes, audiotapes, and written records of language use in both formal and informal settings, along with translations. In addition, they analyze the vocabulary and rules of the language and write dictionaries and grammars. A growing number of conferences, workshops, and publications now offer support for individuals, schools, and communities trying to preserve languages.

One example of endangered language is Dumi. This is a Kiranti language mainly spoken in the area around the Tap and Rava rivers and in the mountains of Khotang District in Nepal. With only 8 people speaking the language, which is a part of the Tibeto-Burman language family, this is considered to be critically endangered. Preservation of the language has been made by creating a dictionary, as well as a number of books written about the language’s grammar and syntax.

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What is an endangered language?
Is a language that become extinct in the future, many languages are falling out because they are not longer being learned by new generations.

An example of an endangered language is Apiaka
Apiaka is the spoken language of the indigenous people of the Brazilian community in Mato Grosso.The critically endangered language belongs to the Tupi language family. Asf 2007 there is one remaining speaker belonging this to the sixth branch of Tupi languages. The Apiaka dialect is considered by Unesco critically endangered. Nowadays most people of the Apiaka trip speak Portuguese, while those who intermarry wich other tribes speak their spouses' language

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What does language extinction mean for the community and for the rest of us?

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Uploaded by Katherine Arteaga on 2017-07-14.

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Fernando: Indigenous peoples, are descended from and identify with the original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently. Groups are usually described as indigenous when they maintain traditions or other aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region.
Daniela:  Not all indigenous peoples share this characteristic, sometimes having adopted substantial elements of a colonising culture, such as dress, religion or language.
Dayanna: Indigenous people may be settled in a given locale/region or exhibit a nomadic lifestyle across a large territory, but they are generally historically associated with a specific territory on which they depend. Indigenous societies are found in every inhabited climate zone and continent of the world.

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Fernando: The villages of the Olmo River

Around the most important aquatic body of Ethiopia are located six tribes that depend on him for their survival, despite their semi-arid climate and unpredictable conditions derived.   The annual flood allows the livelihood of the region's biodiversity, which also ensures the feeding of the tribes and their livestock, as well as the growth of their crops, fishing and hunting.   Despite the millennial cooperation between the groups, they inevitably compete for natural resources in certain periods and increasingly since the government occupies more and more tribal lands. Thanks to the introduction of firearms, inter-ethnic disputes are even more dangerous.   Added to the situation, the construction of an immense hydroelectric dam called Gibe III threatens to destroy the already fragile environment of ethnic groups.
Daniela: Pygmy  People

The Pygmy people have lived in the jungles of central Africa for millennia. Although the numerous tribes that inhabit the area speak different languages, they have in common the word Jengi, the spirit of the forest, its main deity. And the forest is the source of their beliefs, their medicines, food and cultural identity.   Their traditional practices of gathering, hunting and exchange with established societies around the forest have been affected by several reasons. The forest is threatened by excessive deforestation, expansion of farms and commercial activity.
Dayanna: Huaoranies

The Huaoranies are tribes of hunter gatheres who live deep in the heart of the Amazonian rainforest of Ecuador. For centuries, these people have sustained their unique lifestyle of surviving in the brutal rainforests by hunting with blowguns and deadly spears and largety staying away from outsiders. The forest represent safety and peace to the Huaorani and even today, they prefer staying away from the cities. But the discovery of crude oil reserves in that region has created a massive conflict between the Huaorani and the government. Things have reached the point where it is believed that the government refuses to acknowledge their existence while the few thousand surviving members are batting for the survival.

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COMPARING VOCABULARY FROM OTHER LANGUAGES

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int this video we'll be contrasting some vocbulary from latin and sanskrit languages which are some of the many endangered laguages around the world who are about to dissapear, also we'll be spotlighting google's campaing about endangered languages. look at the video to know more about it.

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Ecuador is a multiethnic and pluricultural country. Its culture is very diversity, conformed by mestizos, indigenous, afro-ecuadorians and whites. However, with the time the term “minority” is using to refer to loss of our country's indigenous nationalities due to the extinction is a latent danger for the indigenous village and threatened by occidentalism. This happens through the exploitation of lands or armed conflicts in the northern border that puts the ancestral identity at risk. One of the main threats to indigenous nationalities is the exploitation of oil. For example: the current situation of the Huaorani people, this city depends totally on the oil companies for their survival, because they have left the territories to be near the fields of exploration, instead of hunting or fishing, they prefer to work like workers and there it is occidentalism. But, the villages that have the greatest risk of exploitation are those who live on the Northem border, Colombian guerrillas are little by little undermining with indigenous people, for example; the Awa and Chachi villages live threatened with taking their territories and forced to join the armed conflict, growing cocaine or are murdered.
On the other hand, the  process of acculturation that the Shuar population has undergone since the colonization until the present time, has generated change of traditional forms and of cultural expression in the different aspect of their lives. Indigenous tribes have not been able to escape from globalization and it is that changes go from the way of using the natural resources, to, the loss  of ancestral cultural values and practices. However, in some places they practice different values, customs and  traditions.