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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Adv. Regular fixed returns and spreads risk across a range of markets.
Dis Adv. Risk of losing some or all of the value of the investment if the bond or gilt value falls. Interest payments may not be received if the issuer is unable to make payments

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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Adv. Regular fixed returns and spreads risk across a range of markets.
Dis Adv. Risk of losing some or all of the value of the investment if the bond or gilt value falls. Interest payments may not be received if the issuer is unable to make payments

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efficiency ratios measure how efficiently a business manages its finances and uses its inventory.

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efficiency ratios measure how efficiently a business manages its finances and uses its inventory.

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-owners capital
-loans
-crowd funding
-hire purchase
-debt factoring
-mortgages
-venture capital
-donations
-grants
-leasing
-trade credit

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Hire purchase or leasing, where monthly payments are made for use of equipment such as a car. Leased equipment is rented and not owned by the firm. Hired equipment is owned by the firm after the final payment.

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A mortgage, which is a special type of loan for buying property where monthly payments are spread over a number of years.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OLb47idpqg

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Crowd Funding- 

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Crowd Funding- 

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Adv. Offers the ability to raise finance from a large number of investors, No interest is paid as investors will only be rewarded if the business is successfully sold on at a later date
Dis Adv. No guarantee that the crowd fund will attract sufficient investment to meet the proposal.

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Trade credits, where suppliers deliver goods now and are willing to wait for a number of days before payment.

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Non current assets
-Land
-Buildings and Premises
-Machinery and Equipment
-Vehicles
-Fixtures and Fittings

Intangible Assets
-Goodwill
-Patents
-Trademarks
-Brand names

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Trade payables/ credit purchases x 365

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An overdraft facility, where a bank allows a firm to take out more money than it has in its bank account

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Liquidity ratio allows you to measure the ability of a business to be able to pay its short term debts

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Liquidity ratio allows you to measure the ability of a business to be able to pay its short term debts

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current ratio formula= current assets/ current liabilities
liquid capital ratio formula= current assets- inventory / current liabilities

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Trade receivables/credit sales x 365

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A creditor is an individual or business that has lent funds to a business and is owed money. A debtor is an individual or business who has borrowed funds from a business and so owes it money.

There is a cost in borrowing funds. Money borrowed from creditors is paid back over time, usually with an additional payment of interest. Interest is the cost of borrowing and the reward for lending.

A business owner's house could be used as collateral

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Adv. Regular pre-agreed repayments make planning and budgeting relatively easy, ownership or control is not lost
Dis Adv. Interest rates are charged on amount borrowed and can fluctuate, often secured against an asset which can be seized if repayments are missed, Interest has to be paid regardless of whether a profit is being made.

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childhood- limited needs, mainly reliant on parents, may want to buy sweets or toys

adolescence- want to be more independent, slightly less reliant on parents as want to socialise away from family

young adult- university, starting career, buying a new car or renting a flat

middle age- saving up to get married, look to improve own lifestyle
go on family holiday

old age- fewer dependent, may downsize to a smaller house

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Owners Capital Advantages and Disadvantages- 

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Owners Capital Advantages and Disadvantages- 

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Adv. No interest payments or need to repay, High level of commitment from the owner
Dis Adv. Amount available is likely to be limited, If more than one owner this could cause friction if everyone is not able to contribute the same amount

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Business Studies - Sources of Finance: Business Exam Tips

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These are assets that have been received from a supplier, but the invoices have either not been received or are not yet due.

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Internal sources of finance are funds found inside the business. For example, profits can be kept back to finance expansion. Alternatively the business can sell assets (items it owns) that are no longer really needed to free up cash.

External sources of finance are found outside the business, eg from creditors or banks.

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-Cash sales
-Credit Sales
-Rent Received
-Commission Received
-Interest Received
-Discount Received

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Asset purchase price - estimated salvage value/estimated useful life of asset = annual depreciation

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-Recording Transactions
-Management of business
-Compliance
-Measuring Performance
-Control

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financial conduct authority (fca)
financial ombudsmen service (fos)
financial services compensation scheme (fscs)
office of fair trading (oft)
legislation: consumer credit

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-Help solve short term cash flow problems

-Relatively easy to secure

-Interest rates are very high and cumulative

-Amount to be repaid can quickly spiral out of control

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advantage: protects against cancellations
disadvantage: additional cost when traveling abroad

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Advantage - Usually free to set up. You only pay interest on the money you borrow
Disadvantage - Interest is high and you will be charged a fee to use your over draft. If you go over the limit or have an unarranged overdraft there will be penalty charges

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Advantage - convenient as can be used at anytime and place and is very secure
Disadvantage - features are limited and does not offer all of the functionality of internet banking

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THIS YOUTUBE CHANNEL HAS LOADS OF VIDEOS RELATING TO THIS UNIT!

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THIS YOUTUBE CHANNEL HAS LOADS OF VIDEOS RELATING TO THIS UNIT!

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Xu7CjsChEssDId-wj9xKA

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-Personal attitudes
-Life stages
-Life events
-Culture
-External influences
-Interest rates

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8hIwQ5xFY8

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Advantages and disadvantages of Pensions 

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Advantages and disadvantages of Pensions 

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Adv. Encourages individuals to save throughout their working life, depending upon the policy, an individual's savings may be boosted by an employers contributions increasing the final value of the saving, regular payments are deducted, sometimes at source, meaning the individual is tied into making the regular contributions.
Dis Adv. Movement between jobs may mean that one policy stops and another starts, thus reducing the overall cumulative value of the savings, Final outcome is difficult to predict, If compulsory payments are deducted this may affect short-term living standards

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gng3sPiJdzA

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Why is using a break even graph useful? 

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Why is using a break even graph useful? 

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planning
monitoring
control
setting targets

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-unit of account
Money can be used to place value on goods and services.
-means of exchange
Money is used to sell, buy or trade goods and services.
-store of value
Money has a value. It can be stored for example in a bank.
-legal tender
Money is legal means use to pay for goods and services.

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- offers additional features such as car and house insurance, credit card

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1. retained profit- money retained for the reinvestment in the business
2. net current assets- money immediately available to the business e.g. cash
3. sale of assets include vehicles, buildings, machinery and equipment

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Adv. Share prices fluctuate  offering a potential high reward. Returns can include dividend payments and an increase in share value.  As part owners there may be additional benefits including discounts and special offers, could be a pastime and creates Interest
Dis Adv. Share prices fluctuate offering a potential high risk, there is no guarantee of any reward or return as all of an investment can be lost

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- Standard
- Packaged Premium
- Student
- Basic

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Advantages and Disadvantages of overdraft.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of overdraft.

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advantage - interest is charged only on the amount outstanding.
can be paid off without penalties.
disadvantage - when used, interest charges are often high.
not the cheapest form of borrowing.

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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Bonds and Gilts Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Adv. Regular fixed returns and spreads risk across a range of markets.
Dis Adv. Risk of losing some or all of the value of the investment if the bond or gilt value falls. Interest payments may not be received if the issuer is unable to make payments

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1. car
2. home and contents
3. life assurance and insurance
4. travel
5. pet
6. health

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-Sales
-Rent received
-Commission received
-Interest received
-Discount received

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-Loans
-Mortgage
-Shares
-Owners capital
-Debentures

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Never give up!!
Believe in yourself and u will succeed

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Sell and lease assets
Reduce expenses
Set targets to avoid cash flow issues
Encourage suppliers to offer extended credit
Request extension of bank overdraft

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bank of england
banks
building societies
credit unions
national saving and investment
insurance companies
pension companies
pawnbrokers
payday loans

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Premium Bonds Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Premium Bonds Advantages and Disadvantages 

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Adv. chance of winning substantially more than could be earned in interest. Can be easily with drawn with no loss or penalty.
Dis Adv. No guaranteed return on investment. Maximum amount reviewed annually by the government.
The amount invested, assuming zero or low returns, loses value due to inflation.

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Gross profit=total revenue-cost of goods sold -Cost of goods sold= opening inventory’s + purchases – closing inventoryContribution per unit= sales price per unit- variable cost per unit -Break even point = fixed cost/contribution per unit =Gross profit margin= gross profit/ sales x100 -Mark up= gross profit/ cost of sales x 100 -Current ratio= current assets/ current -liabilitiesWorking capital = current assets – current liabilities  -Average inventory= opening +closing balance/ 2

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Gross profit=total revenue-cost of goods sold -Cost of goods sold= opening inventory’s + purchases – closing inventoryContribution per unit= sales price per unit- variable cost per unit -Break even point = fixed cost/contribution per unit =Gross profit margin= gross profit/ sales x100 -Mark up= gross profit/ cost of sales x 100 -Current ratio= current assets/ current -liabilitiesWorking capital = current assets – current liabilities  -Average inventory= opening +closing balance/ 2

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Financial Services Compensation Scheme FSCS

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Financial Services Compensation Scheme FSCS

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An organisation in the UK which will pay compensation to consumer if the financial service provider cannot

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a pre-paid card.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a pre-paid card.

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advantage - can set a budget in advance to avoid overspending.
disadvantage - no protection if lost

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4 different types of current accounts 1standard account

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4 different types of current accounts 1standard account

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2 premium account
3student account
4 basic account

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It is an independent organisation with a remit to regulate the actions of providers of financial services

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Loans
Mortgages
Hire Purchase
Owner's Capital
Leasing
Grants
Donations
Invoice Discounting

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HM is an abbreviation for Her (or His) Majesty's, and the HMRC is a british government department responsible for the collection of all types of taxes.

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current assets - current liabilities

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Bank Of England
Credit Unions
Banks
Pawnbrokers
Pension Companies
Payday loan companies
National Savings and Investments

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-Citizens Advice
-Independent financial advisor (IFA)
-Price comparison websites
-Money advice service
-Debt counsellors
-Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVAs) bankruptcy

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advantage: cannot get into debt.
disadvantage: no protection if lost.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Deposit and Savings Accounts-

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Deposit and Savings Accounts-

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Adv. Interest is earned on positive balance, Accounts sometimes require deposits of a set amount forcing the saver to follow a savings plan.
Dis Adv. Interest earned is taxed. The percentage rate of interest paid on savings is likely to be lower than interest to be paid on borrowing, therefore the benefits of savings are lost if the customer is borrowing at the same time.

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-Health
-Car
-Home and contents
-Pet
-Travel
-Life assurance and insurance

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Planning personal finance common principles

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Planning personal finance common principles

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-Manage money to fund purchases
-Avoid bankruptcy
-Maintain a good credit rating
-Remain solvent
-Avoid legal action and/or repossession
-Control costs
-Avoid getting into debt
-Counter the effects of inflation
-Provide insurance against loss or illness
-Set financial targets and goals
-Generate income and savings

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-Overdraft
-Personal loan
-Hire purchase
-Mortgage
-Credit card
-Payday loan

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advantage: available to people with low credit rating.
disadvantage: no overdraft facility.

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Cash
Direct Debit
Debit Card
Credit Card
Standing Order
Mobile Banking

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Recording transactions
Control
Measuring performance
Compliance
Management of business

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Advantages and Disadvantages of ISA's (Individual Savings Accounts)

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Advantages and Disadvantages of ISA's (Individual Savings Accounts)

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Adv. Tax is not charged, Interest rates are slightly higher than in alternative accounts. Dis Adv.  Notice is needed to make withdrawals, limit set on annual amount you can put in it.

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Common principles of planning personal finance

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Common principles of planning personal finance

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-Avoid bankruptcy
-Control costs
-Avoid getting into debt
-Maintain a good credit rating
-Avoid legal action and/or repossession
-Remain solvent
-Generate income and savings
-Counter the effects of inflation
-Set financial targets and goals

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KEdddFiBf0

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Capital income is money that is used to set up a business. It is a long term investment.