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How each part of the Respiratory system is designed to meet the bodies need for oxygen

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How each part of the Respiratory system is designed to meet the bodies need for oxygen

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Each part of the respiratory system meets the bodies need for oxygen otherwise the body wouldn't function properly. This is because the organs within the respiratory system allows us to breathe. If this failed within our body we wouldn't be able to take in oxygen and let out carbon dioxide. Furthermore, all cells in the body needs oxygen to get energy from food.

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Gaseous exchange takes place within the alveoli and the blood. The blood which travels to the alveoli first has high carbon dioxide levels due to the respiration of the body cells. But, the air within the alveoli has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide which allows the carbon dioxide in the blood to diffuse to of the blood and into the alveolar air.
The blood that arrives in the alvioli has a lower concentration that is produced during respiration by body cells, whilst the air in the alveoli has a higher oxygen concentration. This means that the oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion combining with the haemoglobin in the red blood cells forming oxyhaemoglobin.

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How breathing is controlled chemically and neural

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How breathing is controlled chemically and neural

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Breathing is controlled chemically by chemoreceptors within the brain and the heart to sense the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acid that is in your body. The respiratory rate levels out any changes within these chemicals in your body. There are two neural mechanisms that require respiration. One is for voluntary breathing and the other one for automatic breathing.

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The mechanics of breathing works with the change of the pressure within the thorax which allows you to breath in and out. This is called external respiration. When inspiration occurs, the intercostal muscles contract resulting in the ribcage to expand. The diaphragm then contracts causing it to pull downwards which increases the volume of the chest. Air is then let into the lungs as the pressure reduces within the chest. Expiration occurs when the intercoastal muscles relax resulting in the ribcage to tighten, inwards and downwards. As the diaphragm relaxes in an upwards direction. The the volume of the chest is decreasing, increasing the pressure causing the air to be released out of the body.

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Human characteristics can affect respiration volumes. Generally, people who are; taller, live at high altitudes and non-obese have larger volumes.
amount of air inhaled, exhaled and stored within the lungs at any time. It is the normal, resting breath.

Regarding this, Tidal Volume is the amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest. (the average volume is 500ml). Basically, in simple terms, it is the amount of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath.

It is measured in millilitres. Tidal volume is a vital role during mechanical ventilation, to ensure adequate ventilation without cause harm to the lungs. Medical ventilation is used to assist/ replace spontaneous breathing. (it is the medical term for artificial ventilation). This type of ventilation could be used by a machine or a specific person. Another way to explain it is assisting/ stimulating respiration.

Furthermore, the lung volume, tidal has the same volume in both men and women (500ml). This is measured by a spirometer which is a piece of kit that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.
Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of maximal amount of additional air that can be brought into the lungs.
Expiratory reserve volume is the maximal volume of air that is additionally expelled from the lungs after normal expiration.
Vital capacity is the maximal volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs after inhaling the maximal about of air.
Residual volume is the amount of air left within the lungs after the maximal expiration. This is important as it prevents the lungs from collapsing.
Total lung capacity is the maximum amount of air which you can inhale into the lungs.

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The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and help form and move the chest wall. There are three intercostal muscles external, internal and innermost. I am only explaining the external and internal muscle. The external intercostal muscles are functioned to raise the ribs and expands the chest cavity. They are also responsible for quiet and forced inhalation.The internal intercostal muscles are functioned to do the opposite to the external intercostal muscles. They depress the ribs and decrease space in the chest cavity. They are also responsible for forced exhalation.

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The diaphragm is just under the lungs to separate the thoracic cavity that contains the heart and lungs. Furthermore, the diaphragm also has an important part in the respiration. This is because as the diaphragm contracts the volume of thoracic cavity increases and the air is brought into the lungs.

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The lungs are located in your chest and is an organ that allows your body to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. This process is called gas exchange.
The lobes of the lungs carry oxygen into the bloodstream and remove any carbon dioxide.
The pleural membrane is to hold the two lungs together within the pleural cavity, but still ensuring that there is enough room for the lungs to expand and move along each other smoothly.
The pleural cavity is a thin fluid filled between the two pulmonary pleurae of each lung. The function of the pleural cavity is to aid the lungs during the gas exchange.
The Plural fluid is found within the pleural cavity. As it is a fluid it also acts as a lubricant which helps the lungs move smoothly when the respiratory movements occur.
The Thoracic cavity is a chamber which protects the lungs and other vital parts of the body like the heart, trachea, esophagus, endocrine glands. thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery. This chamber is also enclosed by the ribs, breast bone and vertebral column which gives further protection for the lungs and other parts of the body.
Alveoli are at the ends of the respiratory tree within the lungs. Within the alveoli gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is diffused through the walls of the alveoli into the red blood cells.

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The bronchioles is located where the bronchi split off into smaller sections which aren't supported by cartilage. These smaller sections are called Bronchioles.The function of the Bronchioles are to ensure that incoming air is given to each alveolus.

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The Bronchus is located within the lungs and is an airway to carry air  through the lungs tissue. The air then enters the trachea with splits of into two bronchi.

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The Trachea is a windpipe connecting the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. The function of the Trachea is to provide air flow to and from lungs for respiration.

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The Larynx is located within the respiratory system between the pharynx and the tracheaThe function of the Larynx is to allow air to be directed into the respiratory organs for gas exchange. It also produces vocal sounds.

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The Nasal Cavity is located behind the nose. The function of this is to warm, moisturize and filter the air entering the body. By this occurring it helps to prevent nose bleeds.

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The Pharynx is part of both, the digestive system and the respiratory system. The function of the pharynx is the process of swallowing, also serving a pathway for the food from the mouth to the esophagus.

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The Epiglottis is a flexible flap at the superior end of the larynx and esophagus. The function of the Epiglottis is to seal off the windpipe whilst eating so the food/ drink isn't inhaled.