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The Declaration of Independence was Adopted on July 4, 1776 by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. The document states the reasons why they overthrew their ruler and all the things that the British government violated. Most importantly it declared the thirteen colonies independent from Britain and the new nation would be named The United States of America. The new nation would be placed under a government that wouldn’t be able to abuse its power and protect people’s rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. This is significant because they officially declared themselves separate from the British and they created a new nation for themselves.

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Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine on January 15, 1775. It was easily read by all and yet very persuasive. It advocated for the independence of the thirteen colonies. It openly asked Britain for independence and why. It was significant because it was it helped people and encouraged them to fight for the patriotic movement and for independence from Britain.

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The Second Continental Congress (May 10, 1775)

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The Second Continental Congress (May 10, 1775)

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The Second Continental Congress held their meeting on May 10, 1775. This was the colonies final attempt at a peaceful negotiation with the British. They wrote the Oliver Branch Petition to ask for a resolution but it was declined by King George III and declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion. This congress was significant because it acted as the nation’s government responsible for raising troops and managing the war effort. The congress also later adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

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Lexington and Concord was a battle taking place on April 19, 1775. First horseback riders including Paul to warn that British were attack from sea. revere and William Dawes. British went to Concord to search for arms which were already relocated. When they continued to Lexington they were they found 70 minutemen in formation waiting for them. 49 were killed, 39 were wounded, and five were missing on the colonist’s side. For the British, 73 were killed, 174 were wounded, and 26 were missing. This was significant because it was known as the ‘the shot heard ‘round the world’ and marked the beginning of the revolutionary war.

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Patrick Henry’s “Give me Liberty or give me Death” Speech (March 23, 1775)

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Patrick Henry’s “Give me Liberty or give me Death” Speech (March 23, 1775)

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“Give me Liberty or give me Death” was said by Patrick Henry in his speech on March 23, 1775 to the Second Virginia Convention. It was given to motivate the members to help raise a militia that would be the revolutionary force against the British. This was significant because it was essential in creating the the revolutionary army for George Washington.

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In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress was summoned in 1774. The meeting was held in Philadelphia. Representatives were sent from twelve colonies excluding Georgia. Those delegates were included John Adams, George Washington, Samuel Adams, John Jay, and Patrick Henry. This was significant because they wrote the Declaration of Rights and The Associations calling for a trade boycott with British goods. This was the first step in the secession from the Crown making this one of the most important events of American history.

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In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in 1774. This consisted of four acts, the Boston Port Act which closed the Boston Harbor until the damages were paid for, the Massachusetts Government Act which reduced Massachusetts to a crown colony and prohibited town meetings without approval, the Administration of Justice Act which allowed British officials to go to England for trials, and the Quartering Act which allowed British forcing colonists to provide housing to British soldiers and officials. This was significant because it was would lead to the First Continental Congress and furthered the colonists plead for independence.

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The Boston Tea Party occurred on the night of December 16 1773. A group of ‘Sons of Liberty’ disguised themselves as mohawk indians and raided 3 tea ships at the Boston harbor and and dumped 342 chests and over 92,000 pounds of tea into the harbor. This was significant because it showed the British the lengths the colonists would go to fight for their freedom. This also was significant because it angered the British which caused them to enforce a punishment on the colonies.

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The Tea Act was passed on May 10, 1773. This time the British didn’t pass the act to raise revenue for their debt but to give a monopoly to the British East India Company to help it survive. Since the company had a large amount of tea the act allowed them to sell the tea for a low price to the American colonies. This was significant because it made the colonists angry because they were giving the company a monopoly over tea in the colonies. This alike all the other acts encouraged the colonists’ call for separation.

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The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770. It began with approximately 60 colonists throwing snowballs at British army soldiers. The soldiers opened fire into the crowd resulting in 2 dead on the scene and 3 dying later. 11 were injured. 2 of the British soldiers were convicted of murder but released later. This was significant because this was spread throughout the colonies and supported the call for revolution.

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The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting held between October 7th and the 25th in New York City. It had representatives from 9 colonies totalling at 27 delegates. The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances in an attempt to repeal the Stamp Act. They also organized boycotts which later got the Act repealed because it hurt the British merchants in 1766. This was significant because the nine colonies joined together to fight a mutual cause and it was the first list of demands they created for the British government.

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The Quartering Act was passed in 1765 which required colonists to provide housing and food for any British soldiers. This was significant because it enraged the colonists even further because it wasn’t a time of war and they still had soldiers around and they had to house and provide food for them.

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The Stamp Act was passed on 1765. It was another attempt at raising revenue for the debt they were in from the French and Indian War. The act called for all newspaper and other print/paper material to be imposed with a stamp tax. The act was repealed in 1766. This was significant because it helped encourage the colonists to revolt against the British.

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The Currency Act was passed in September 1764. Its purpose was to regulate the colonial currency system. Colonies experienced a shortage of currency and began printing their own. The act prohibited all colonies from creating new currency. This is significant because it caused huge financial problems for the colonists and made the colonists angry because they weren’t enforced with acts like this in a long time which is referred to as salutary neglect.

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This was the first act to raise revenue to pay for the Britain’s debt. It was called the Sugar Act passed in April of 1764. It called for higher taxes on sugar and molasses being imported from the West Indies. The act was repealed in 1766. This was significant because it was the first instance of ‘taxation without representation’ and caused the colonists to be furious fueling their rage for rebellion.

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The Proclamation of 1763 was passed after the British victory over the French and Indian War. It prohibited any colonial settlement past the Appalachian Mountains. This was done because the British didn’t want any further conflict with the Indians. This is significant because it led to colonial discontent and anger because of ‘salutary neglect’. In defiance the colonists marched west.

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The French and Indian War was also referred to as the 7 Years War which occurred in 1754 to 1763. It was a conflict between the French and Indians against the British and the colonies. The British eventually won and removed all French territory from North America. This was significant because Britain was in a huge debt and decided to pass acts which raised taxes which angered the colonists and led them closer to the revolution.

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The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement from 1730’s to the 1740’s.  The movement was lead by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, it altered religious beliefs, practices and relationships in the American colonies. It broke the monopoly of the Puritan church as colonists began leaving and pursuing different religions and interpreting their religion and Bible for themselves. This was significant because it was the first experience shared by many people together and was one the most important religious movements in history.

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The Enlightenment was also referred to as the “Age of Reason”. It began in the 1650s with the ending unclear but estimated to be around 1750-1800s. This  was a philosophical and intellectual movement that stressed the idea of reason. It questioned the authority of the monarchs and rulers of the time. Many books, essay, and scientific inventions were created during this time period. Many philosophical thinkers that lead the movement was Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Beccaria. Many ideas that the movement focused on was the natural laws and new systems of government to prevent tyranny. The significance of the Enlightenment was that it influenced people to think independently distinguishing between religion and reason. Also it provided the basic ideas in which colonists would use to revolt.

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The Navigation Act of 1663 stifled the colonial trade even further by requiring exports and imports to be transported through British ships and had to pass through England ports to be inspected and have taxes/duties paid. It was significant because it prohibited the colonies’ ability to prosper which caused tension to rise between them and the mother country. This was also an example of Britain enforcing the mercantilist policy.

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Alike the Navigation act of 1651, however it declared certain articles-sugar, tobacco, cotton, wool, indigo, and ginger-that were to be shipped only to England. It was significant because it prohibited the colonies’ ability to prosper which caused tension to rise between them and the mother country. This was also an example of Britain enforcing the mercantilist policy.

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Navigation Act of 1651 was passed by English Parliament banning colonial trade with countries other than England. This act was directed toward the Dutch since they were dominant in overseas trade. It was significant because it prohibited the colonies’ ability to prosper which caused tension to rise between them and the mother country. This was also an example of Britain enforcing the mercantilist policy.