# data[].attributes.headline
Plant species, plant part, Pseudomonas syringae strain, and environment determine symptoms and severity.

# data[].attributes.subject
Plant species, plant part, Pseudomonas syringae strain, and environment determine symptoms and severity.

# data[].attributes.body
Symptoms: A) Flower blast where flowers and/or flower buds turn brown to black. B) Dead
dormant buds, especially common on cherries and apricots. C) Necrotic leaf spots - entire
clusters of younger, expanding leaves may be killed on filbert trees. D) Discolored and or
blackened leaf veins and petioles resulting from systemic invasion and infection. E) Spots and
blisters on fruit. F) Shoot tip dieback appears as dead, blackened twig tissue extending
downward for some distance from the tip (very common on maples and other seedlings). G)
Stem cankers, depressed areas in the bark, become darkened in color with age.

# data[].attributes.headline
Where do Pseudomonas syringae go inside the plant?

# data[].attributes.subject
Where do Pseudomonas syringae go inside the plant?

# data[].attributes.body
Bacteria enter the plant through wounds or stomates. They are then free to move through the apoplast that surrounds the plant cells, but they can't cross the thick plant cell walls.

# data[].attributes.body
C

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
pseudomonas infection Please note that this video is not my copyrighted material.I am just sharing my collection from internet.So the credit goes to the real copyright owners. visit my website for more medical animations and their downloads: http://3dmed.wetpaint.com/

# data[].attributes.body
The bacteria are rod-shaped. This allows them to ‘squeeze’ into plant cells through plant wounds. The bacteria have flagella, which are whip-like protein tails that help the bacteria swim through the soil towards plants.

# data[].attributes.headline
Application of Pseudomonas syringae to biotechnology : FOOD

# data[].attributes.subject
Application of Pseudomonas syringae to biotechnology : FOOD

# data[].attributes.body
In some uses, bacterial ice nucleation at higher temperatures may be useful in keeping foods frozen. For example, nucleation temperatures of salmon muscle with the use of ice-nucleation active (INA) Pseudomonas syringae was raised from -4.9 to -1.5oC [21]. This means that the difference between the freezing-point temperature and the nucleation temperature of the sample was reduced by 3.4oC (Figure 4)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SenJud3cHLc

Above is the link of demonstartion on how the addition of a small quantity of Pseudomonas syringae to supercooled water can yield VERY rapid ice formation!

# data[].attributes.body
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped Gram-negative bacteria, with an aerobic metabolism, and polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen that can be characterized by its inability to properly utilize arginine, because it lacks the assistance of the arginine dihydrolase system. Each strain of Pseudomonas syringae is specific for a particular plant. All Pseudomonas syringae strains lack a specific cytochrome C oxidase in their respiratory electron transport chain, which causes a negative oxidase reaction to result. It is a nutritionally versatile organism that thrives on damaged plant tissues, and most notably, colonizes the surface of plant leaves. Each strain is specific to a particular species of plant for which it infects.

# data[].attributes.body
Pseudomonas syringae bacteria are spread by rain, and insects feeding on infected plants. They can also be spread by planting infected material or using
contaminated pruning tools. Spread of disease is favoured by wet conditions and temperatures of 12 – 25°C.

# data[].attributes.body
These bacteria can infect a huge range of plants and are a major threat to woody plants. The strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi causes bleeding canker in horse chestnut trees. This is when the infected bark is orange and brown with oozing sticky liquid coming out from the wound. Around a half of UK horse chestnut trees are now affected by this disease.

# data[].attributes.headline
Application of Pseudomonas syringae to biotechnology : SNOW

# data[].attributes.subject
Application of Pseudomonas syringae to biotechnology : SNOW

# data[].attributes.body
Pseudomonas syringae is also a microbe of great interest for its ice nucleation properties. It was discovered that these bacteria produce surface proteins that were essential in the formation of ice crystals at sub-zero temperatures on plant surfaces. By eliminating the genes that were responsible for the production of this protein, a significant amount of frost damage could be prevented on cash crops. This surface protein could also be exploited to induce the production of artificial snow, allowing places like ski resorts to produce snow even when it would normally be too warm.