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These are to help you identify the scene

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These are to help you identify the scene

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I have provided a very brief synopsis to guide you, but it is your job to add all the detail.

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Make a post in your group's column and copy your general overview of what happens in the scene in it.

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Make a second post and explain why is the scene included? How does it advance the story, develop character, link between scenes on either side or fulfil any other function?

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Make another post and Summarise how the scene connects to the wider themes of the play.

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Make another post and summarise KEY character development (secondary characters not required)

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In the final post, paste the key quotations you identified, together with the analysis you came up with.

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In this scene, Banquo declares his suspicions, and Macbeth plots his demise in discussion with the murderers...

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Macbeth and his wife once again battle their inner-demons over their crimes, and invoke the supernatural to add strength to their resolve...

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The murderers attack Banquo on a lonely road at night, with the ghosts of the supernatural hovering around them...

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Back in Glamis, Macbeth holds a banquet for a group of Lords. But all does not go to plan when Macbeth begins to hallucinate three horrific and symbolic visions of the future...

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This unusual scene may not have been written by Shakespeare... why? What are the clues? Hecate, the goddess of witches and witchcraft berates the witches for their lack of action...

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Lennox, and another Lord discuss the events of the play thus far. Why would Shakespeare include this scene?

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Plot Summary: At the start of Act 3, Scene 3 of Macbeth, we see the two killers employed by King Macbeth to execute Banquo, a general of the Scottish armed force, and his child Fleance. Macbeth needs them dead since he considers them to be an immediate danger to his honored position. The witches' prescience is that Banquo will be top dog and not his child, so they should pass on.
The killers hold up in the forested areas outside the ruler's castle. They are then joined by a third killer, who reveals to them he was additionally employed by the lord to support them. The two killers acknowledge him, figuring why not.
The three killers at that point lie in hang tight for Banquo and Fleance. They expect them any moment. The principal killer says, 'The west yet glints with certain dashes of day: Now prods the lated explorer apace To pick up the convenient motel, and close to approaches The subject of our watch.' Banquo and Fleance are running somewhat late, yet ought to show up soon.
The main killer at that point thinks about for all to hear whether Banquo and Fleance will simply ride by them to the royal residence entryways. Be that as it may, the third killer, the new person, consoles them: 'he does normally. So all men do from henceforth to the royal residence entryway Make it their stroll.' at the end of the day, everybody typically stops and strolls to the door from where the killers currently pause.

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The witches meet with Hecate who is the goddess of witches and witchcraft. Hecate scolds them for going into the business of Macbeth without telling her but declares that she will take over as supervisor of the mischief. She tells them her plan to fill Macbeth with confidence and says how his ambition will take over him.

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The purpose of this scene in the play is to include some insight into the witch’s perspective, the majority of the play is focused on Macbeth and his journey to success, so this scene includes insight into how everything has affected the witches.

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FIRST WITCH

Why, how now, Hecate! You look angerly.

In this line which is spoken by the First witch represents the theme of Paranoia, this is because the witch is scared that she is going to get told off by Hecate, since the first witch said that she looks mad.

HECATE

He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear

His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear.

And you all know, security

Is mortals' chiefest enemy.

In this line which is spoken by Hecate represents the theme of Ambition this is because she wants Macbeth to be fooled, because he is overconfident with himself and according to Hecate overconfidence is man’s greatest enemy.

FIRST WITCH

Come on, let’s hurry. She’ll be back again soon.

In this line which is spoken by the first witch represents the theme of Paranoia, because the witch is scared that she is going to get told off by Hecate who is the goddess of witches and witchcraft.

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Hecate  | Hecate is the goddess of Witchcraft, and crossroads. The three witches answer to her and worship her, she is their god of the witches and leader. Hecate believes that Macbeth does not deserve the help that the three witches have given to him. Furthermore, This begins to raise her anger towards the sisters.
First Witch  | The first witch is one of the weird sisters. She speaks mostly about the past. She is relentless by showing no mercy to anyone. She can foretell the future and can cast spells. She with the other 2 witches manipulate Macbeth and trigger Macbeth’s ambition to become King by murdering King Duncan.

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And you all know, securityIs mortals' chiefest enemy.
- This quote is really important for the play as Hecate is saying that overconfidence is the biggest enemy for men, without directly mentioning Macbeth it is obvious to who she is referring to. I believe that this quote used the literary technique foreshadowing. This has not really happened yet as Macbeth is still struggling with his guilt at this point in the play but he soon will be controlled by his confidence and ambition and this is what Hecate predicts in this quote.

And I, the mistress of your charms, - - This very important quote spoken by Hecate is saying that the witches would be nothing and have no powers if she wasn’t there, and she is telling them that they shouldn’t do anything unless she tells them to. I believe that this quote used the literary technique of foreshadowing, since Hecate is warning the witches not to do this again or she will remove their powers.

Or show the glory of our art?
- This line is a way that Hecate explains her point of view on witchcraft. Furthermore, the word “Art” is a metaphor, she means their dark evil magic. They describe a form of horror and witchcraft, with the peaceful word “Art”.The term art can be justified as witchcraft is something that is not commonly mastered. Finally, the line “the glory”, shows the pride that Hecate has towards witchcraft.

Hark! I am called. My little spirit, see, Sits in a foggy cloud and stays for me.
- This quote is very interesting as it could mean many different things, a spirit can be thought of as some supernatural being but it can also be referred to as the thing inside of someone that makes them humanlike, it is what gives us and allows us to feel emotion. Hecate refers to it as ‘my little spirit’ which is intriguing because she has just shared with her witches her plan to ruin Macbeth and turn himself into his own worst enemy, this is not kind and this could be because she is not with her soul at the moment.

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Plot summary: (Act 3, scene 2)

Somewhere else in the castle, Lady Macbeth communicates despair and sends a hireling to bring her husband. Macbeth enters and tells his better half that he also is disappointed, saying that his brain is "loaded with scorpions". He feels that the business that they started by killing Duncan can't finish in light of the fact that there are still threats to the royal position that must be disposed of. Macbeth tells his significant other that he has arranged "a deed of repulsive note" for Banquo and Fleance and urges her to be affable and kind to Banquo during the night's banquet, so as to draw their next casualty into an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world.

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Act 3 scene 1 consists of Banquo voicing his thoughts to the court about his suspicion of Macbeth. Banquo suspects that Macbeth killed King Duncan in order to make sure the witches prophecy becomes true. Macbeth comes to know this information, he finds that Banquo and his son Fleance will be going on a trip, Macbeth says goodbye to Banquo and Fleance. Left alone, Macbeth then proceeds to hire 2 murderers to kill Banquo and Flenace on their journey.

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Act 3, scene 3 emphasizes on Macbeth’s determination and  macabre drive towards retaining his position as King. As he becomes aware of the witches prophecy, he begins to fathom that his title of King is at risk by Banquo’s son, Fleance. Due to this, the scene commences with Macbeth recruiting 3 murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance. However, as the scene progresses, the assassins kill Banquo, who dies assuring them his son will avenge his death. This is evident as Fleance escapes into the darkness. Finally, the purpose of the scene is to manifest and strain tension within the plot, to reveal Macbeth’s power as king is endangered.

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The predominant themes Shakespeare focuses on in Act 3 Scene 3 is fate, paranoia, and violence. The scene opens with three murderers sent by Macbeth to kill Banquo and Fleance. Though they succeed in killing the former, Fleance manages to escape. The killing is where the theme of violence is prevalent. Macbeth hired the assassins to kill the men because, after the witches prophesized Macbeth to be king in act 1, they told Banquo that his descendants will become king as well. In addition to this, Macbeth begins to worry and is paranoid that Banquo suspects him as Duncan’s killer. In an effort to prevent his secret from being unveiled as well as this part of the wish from coming true. However, as stated before, Fleance escapes, showing that Macbeth’s first attempt at controlling fate has been unsuccessful. This scene shows the effect of paranoia and fate on the character. Both the knowledge of his fate coupled with paranoia has driven Macbeth—a once noble man who found the very idea of killing Duncan to be dishonorable—to murder his own friend along with his son for his own gain. Furthermore, one can understand that Macbeth trying to control his fate has only hastened or ensured his downfall. With Banquo dead, the Thanes are only more suspicious of what is truly happening. Moreover, because Fleance has escaped, Macbeth will never be content with his title as king as he knows it will not last, and awaits the day it will come to an end, fearfully anticipating it all the while. This is another link to the theme of paranoia the scene provides. Therefore, it is clear that the scene focuses on violence, fate, and paranoia are its primary themes.

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Purpose of the scene in the wider play, Zina

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Purpose of the scene in the wider play, Zina

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In this scene, it is the start of Macbeth’s journey as a king. It starts off with Banquo expressing his doubt in Macbeth and how he think he was the one to kill the king just to claim the throne. This scene includes a soliloquy that shows the audience Macbeth’s current emotional development after the murder of Duncan. He expresses his fear of Banquo’s children taking the throne after him, since the rest of the witchs’ prophecy came to be true. Despite all he went through, he still has the fear of consequences in the back of his mind and he is afraid that Banquo’s prophecy would ruin his own and that he lost his dignity just to help Banquo.

He then orders murderers to kill Banquo, which is a character development on Macbeth’s side. He was just afriad of killing Duncan, but all the fear and paranoia are getting to him, and the fact that there is no going back from what he did are making him justify things that shouldn’t be justified. This scene is the start of Macbeth’s “dictatorship” perse.

His goal is fullfilled yet he still has the fear of people coming after him and taking what he has done so much to achieve which is why he starts by killing anybody he suspects might be against him, and because of paranoia, it causes him to go mad with the killling and abusing his power. This scene is important overall because it is the start of the “bloody reign of Macbeth”. It is the start of a new point in his character development which will progress to become something even worse in the future. It is the start of the main plot of the play, where a Scottish king becomes a murderer and tyrant because of his greed and paranoia. It is key to understand how he has become such a king in the future, and this is the point where it all began.

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In Act 3 scene 1, Macbeth becomes paranoid because of the witches prophecy. The witches predicted that not only Macbeth would become king but also one of Banquo’s children will become king but not Banquo himself. Macbeth comes to see Banquo as a threat due to the prophecy. In this scene it can be presumed that if anyone shows any suspicion of Macbeth he will have them killed. This is due to the fact that Macbeth somewhat knew about Banquo’s suspicion of him so he had Banquo killed and attempted to have Fleance killed (Banquo’s son). The theme of paranoia is extremely evident in this scene because of Macbeths fear of being caught, this is shown when Macbeth says “Our fears in Banquo stick deep”, this is referring to the fact that Macbeth is scared/worried about Banquo and becomes paranoid about if he knows. Later on in the play Macbeths paranoia grows immensely so this could be interpreted as the beginning of Macbeths journey as a paranoid king.

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"We have lost best half of our affair." | Second Murderer
"Thou art the best o' th' cutthroats:Yet he's good that did the like for Fleance.If thou didst it, thou art the nonpareil." | Yet he's good that did the like for Fleance.
But whoever did the same to Fleance must also be good.
They hailed him father to a line of kings.Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown | Macbeth expresses his fears about Banquo in a solilioquy.

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Macbeth  | Macbeth understands his people have started to have doubts on him as a king, and he starts fearing Banquo and Macduff and Donalbain might get his crown. In order to quiet down these rumors, decides to blame Macduff and Donalbain for the murder, as he tells people that they have fled to reland and England because they were afraid of getting caught, and then starts planning on Banquo’s death, as he says he fears him ore than any other man in Scotland. In order to do this, he organizes a banquet, and hires and manipulates two murders, making them fully hate and despise Banquo, blaming him for all the bad luck they have had in their lives. These two people are assigned to hide in the dark until Banquo comes back from his trip, so they can kill both him and his son, and allow Macbeth to pretend sorrow for his friend; in exchange of money and power. This shows how greedy and paranoid Macbeth is, as he would turn onto his own friends just to keep his crown.
Banquo  | While in previous scenes of the play Banquo was always loyal and a very close friend to MAcbeth, hje now starts being suspicious about the new king, as he remembers about the prophecy. He believes that Macbeth got his way to the crown by murdering Macbeth, and starts losing trust in him as he is afraid he’ll get killed too because the prophecy promised his sons would be the heir to the throne, rather than Macbeth’s.
Murderers  | The murderers are presented as fearless peopel who have nothing to lose, an dwho have gone through a lot in life. Macbeth induces them to blame Banquo for it, as he makes them seek for revenge, and manipulates them so he could hire them to kill him. This makes them much more dangerous, as they have no fear or regret, and they do not fear risking their own lives.

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Macbeth
Macbeth may be a Scottish popular and Glamis's that is driven to evil considerations by the three witches 'predictions, particularly after their prediction that he will be made that of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth may be a brave troop and an efficient man, but he is not an ethical man. He is essentially incited to kill to satisfy his ambitions to the oppressive role
Macduff
A Scottish nobleman hostile to the Kingship of Macbeth from the beginning. In the end, he becomes a campaign leader to unseat Macbeth. The goal of the crusade is to put the rightful king, Malcolm, on the throne, but Macduff still seeks vengeance for the assassination of Macbeth's wife and young son.
King Duncan
The pleasant King of Scotland whom Macbeth assassinates in his greed for the throne. Duncan is the archetype of a monarch of honesty, benevolence and farsightedness. His death symbolizes the dissolution of an order in Scotland which can only be restored if Duncan's family, in Malcolm's name, once again occupies the throne.
Lennox
He is a Scottish nobleman
Porter
The doorman of macbeth's castle

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“Things without all remedy, Should be without regard. What’s done is done.” - Lady Macbeth

This quote reflects the recurring theme shown throughout the play of fate and the supernatural. The quote is referring to how Macbeth should not dwell on the past which cannot be changed rather he should accept what occurred. Moreover, it connects to the theme of the supernatural as its referring to how fate cannot be changed as it’s inevitable and therefore cannot be avoided and thereby foreshadows how Macbeth in any circumstances would’ve meet the same fate of becoming king albeit through unlawful means.

“Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.” - Macbeth

This quote reflects the recurring theme of violence and how it’s a never-ending cycle that Macbeth by commencing with Duncan’s murder has been trapped in. For instance, the quote mentions how things accomplished through wicked deeds can only be strengthened by committing more deeds of the same wickedness. Hence, this quote refers to the constantly occurring acts of violence that are performed by Macbeth, and how once he initiated the first act of violence it consequently leads to more such as the eventual murder of Banquo. Furthermore, this quote references act 1 scene 7 “….we but teach, Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return, To plague th’ inventor…” in which Macbeth laments how violent acts only teach others to commit more violence, and how these acts come to plague the initiator; therefore cementing the recurring theme in Macbeth in which an act of violence only initiates more in a never-ending cycle of bloodshed and brutality.

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Plot summary
In the following act, Macbeth has invited the Lords for a meal in his castle, as they make their way to the table specifically by ranking as Macbeth instructed Macbeth notices the first murderer appearing by the door. He is quite confused by this and proceeds to approach the murderer who informs him that Banquo was dead however Fleance had managed to escape. After Macbeth has consulated himself that Fleance would not be a threat to his plan he makes his way back to his seat. However, as Macbeth approaches the table he claims that it is full. Lennox assures him of the empty seat, even so Macbeth sees a ghost figure who he then notices is no one other than Banquo. He questions which Lord was responsible for the murder oblivious to the fact that Macbeth was the only one who could see the ghost. Lady Macbeth reassures the lords that Macbeht had been having these peculiar visions this childhood and there was no reason to have concern. Macbeth argues with this frustrated that no one else could see Banquo's presence but then covers it up solemnly with a toast in regards to Banquo. The ghost then reappears shocking Macbeth causing him to scream in terror causing concern to the, before calm lords.

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Kayla
The significance of this scene is it is one of the key scenes in the play as it is when Macbeth starts hallucinating. The theme of the play Macbeth is mainly paranoia, ambition and the supernatural, therefore when Macbeth starts visioning Banquo’s ghost it follows the theme of the supernatural seeing as this is not a common thing to happen in a daily life. In this scene Macbeth hallucinates Banquo sitting on his chair, however he seems to be the only one that notices this as Lennox gestures Macbeth to the chair revealing it is empty, the other Lords of the table have blank expressions and appear to be calm unlike Macbeth. This was the start of Macbeth’s paranoia as he was worried someone would find out about his relation to both Banquo’s and the king’s death as well as Fleance disappearance. Ever since the strange event during the dinner with the lords in this act, Macbeth’s personality change grew more disturbed throughout the acts.

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Macbeth

In the following scene, we see a dominant change in power dynamics between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. We compare his current state with his condition during Act 1 scene 7, right after the murder of Duncan, where we see Macbeth’s main emotions being categorised by guilt which led to excessive paranoia. Nevertheless in said scene, the guilt seems to have transformed, and aside from Lady Macbeth's worries about his current state shown in their conversation, Macbeth seems to be more confident and driven in his actions. This might be a sign of separation between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth as he became king and acquired the extensive power of said position. Macbeth’s goals altered, and said scene displayed how his fear of losing his position as king was greater than his initial drive to want to become king in the first place. He informs Lady Macbeth that “We have scorched the snake, not killed it.” scorched signifying hurt in said quote, Macbeth is circling around the idea that a snake which is only hurt may heal itself and come back to bite once more, suggesting to how the death of Duncan was only the first step to stabilising his position as King. I personally believe that the motif of greed was first introduced in said scene as Macbeth’s character dramatically changes in priorities and abilities which we can see by comparing his former fear of going back to Duncan’s murder scene to replace the daggers as he could not comprehend his action with his plan to engage in more killings. He changes to the extent that he lies to his wife about executing the plan of killing Banquo and Fleance without her full knowledge. In fact whilst we are on said topic, it is interesting how the execution of the killing of Duncan was fully planned by Lady Macbeth and it proved to be successful however Macbeth didn't trust her enough to execute or even have any knowledge about his plan of killing Banquo, which perhaps suggests that he feels his ambition is stronger than hers. Finally my last point of change would involve how his guilt seems to have been locked away behind the metaphorical mask he mentioned at the end of Act 1 Scene 7, Shakespear showcasing this by altering the way Macbeth looks at things, from him claiming that “Macbeth shall sleep no more” with the purpose of ensuring torture upon himself for his actions to him in said scene talking about “the affliction of these terrible dreams”, as if he is bothered by the dreams themselves rather than being bothered by the guilt. This in turn suggests that perhaps by speaking in third person during Act 1 Scene 7 might be a sign that he is saying goodbye to his old self as with these actions he has become another person completely rather than the third person being a sign of insanity.

Lady Macbeth

As i have mentioned previously, there is a powerful change in the power dynamic inside the relationship of Lady Macbeth and her husband, however between the two, I personally believe that Lady Macbeth was the one who realises this power dynamic occurs. It is clear from previous scenes that she sensed Macbeth to be unusually distant towards her since the murder of Duncan and she thus blames this on his underlying sence of guilt. She comes to her husband to try and reassure him as she used to do before, however the conversation is instantly flipped and ends with him reassuring her that everything will be done. The motif of deceit was mentioned by Macbeth specifically and the audience link said analysis to finally understanding that Lady Macbeth is n longer in power. Right at the beginning of the scene we see Lady Macbeth asking her own servant for her to arrange a meeting with Macbeth, her being able to reach her husband only through professional means which is the beginning to her realisation of their change in power. The servant follows her wishes however before Lady Macbeth meets her husband, we see a very small soliloquy from her part which structurally may mirror her decrease in power and significance in said scene. Her soliloquy senters on the dangers of guilt and how it may be better to be dead than surrounded by said guilt which pinpoints that Macbeths and lady Macbeth’s motifs have switched, to her beggining to feel the after effects of the guilt she experiances after the murder of Duncan. Hence, near the end of the scene we see Lady Macbeth fall under complete submissiveness under Macbeth’s power, similar to how Macbeth felt when she was ensuring he goes through with the deed in Act 1. We see her mirror Macbeth’s former behaviour with very concise and questions sentences in between Macbeth’s long monologues explaining what needs to be done by her, which seems to be not much. This lack of action from Lady Macbeth justifies how her mind, not being occupied by anything, reached its level of insanity as shown in the future scenes and acts.

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“'Tis safer to be that which we destroy

Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy.”
- Lady Macbeth

The quote displayed on the left is placed at the end of Lady Macbeth's soliloquy, which even though structurally already pays a lot of literary significance, still uncovers numerous interesting things about Lady Macbeth's character. The quote specifies how it is better to be dead than to be unsettled by the dead, thus better than to be surrounded by the  guilt. This quote suggests how Lady Macbeth begins to feel excessive doubt and guilt about Duncan’s murder and the central idea that she not only agreed but said this statement points to her own self doubt and guilt she either realises or finally opens up to. The heavy alliteration which is accompanied in said quote primarily suggests sets a very aggressive atmosphere, the alliteration being focused on the “d” sound which is said very harshly and abruptly in the english language, creating an aggressive atmosphere handed to the audience by Lady Macbeth which perhaps suggests that she is either scared or angry at the fact that said statement is true and coming from her lips. The anger she is experiencing can be traced back to when she was asking the sisters to take away her ability for remorse or compassion, and the fact that she is starting to feel guilt is a sign that the witches did not accomplish her prayer completely.

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“Thous hast it now:  King, Cawdor, glamis, all/As the weird women promised, and I fear/Thou play'ds most foully for 't.  Yet it was said/It should not stand in thy posterity,/But that myself should be the root and father/Of many kings.  If there come truth from them--/As upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine-/Why, by the verities on thee made good,/May they not be my oracles as well/And set me up in hope?  But hush, no more!”

-Banquo

This quote explains directly why Macbeth fears Banquo and wants him killed. He is smart and figured out that Macbeth killed Duncan. His knowledge of the prophecy and what it holds is reason enough for Macbeth to fear Banquo exposing him which causes Macbeth’s paranoia to also increase (which as a result makes him go to the extent of bringing in murderers to kill Banquo)

It is obvious to Macbeth that Banquo is the closest to realizing what he has done and he fears the consequences he was worried about before are going to start affecting his throne. Moreover, Banquo’s children are also said to take the throne, and because of Macbeth’s greed, he wants to stop that from happening.

Through presenting Banquo’s stance on the situation to the audience, Shakespeare is giving reason as to why Macbeth decides to kill him later in the scene, and through using a soliloquy, it shows that Macbeth doesn’t fear Banquo because he knows what Banquo thinks, but because of his own paranoia, connecting this scene to the theme of Paranoia.
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“To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus. Our fears in Banquo stick deep.

(Macbeth soliloquy) To be king is nothing, but to be securely stationed in a position of power is much better. Macbeth thinks Banquo will turn him in.

It is concluded. Banquo, thy soul's flight, if it find heaven, must find it out tonight.”

-Macbeth

Macbeth has just decided that he wanted to kill Banquo and he sent out merderers to do it. For Macbeth to kill some body even after everything that happened shows extreme character development and progression of his maddness. He started off afraid of a dagger but his ambition grew due to his wife. He mentioned heaven which is also what he said before he killed Duncan, this shows how much the paranoia and the greed affected his common sense, and it will keep affecting him until the day he is beaten.
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“To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus--/Our fears in Banquo stick deep,/And in his royalty of nature reigns that/Which would be feared.  'Tis much he dares;/And, to that dauntless temper of his mind,/He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valor/To act in safety.  There is none but he Whose being I do fear:  and under him/My genius is rebuked, as it is said/Mark Antony's was by Caesar.”

-Macbeth

There is irony in Macbeth’s soliloquy. He has done everything, even going to the extent of murdering the king which back in the day was considered the worse of what someone could do, yet he doesnt feel any happiness in fullfilling what he wanted to achieve. Macbeth begins his soliloquy by saying, "To be thus is nothing; But to be safely thus." Which means that rather than enjoying the crown, he worrying about the other responsibilities and consequences that come with it.

Instead of living the life he wanted as a king, his actions resulted in him being more miserable than he was before any of it ever happened which is ironic considering the fact that he didn’t even want to kill the king before his wife forced him to do so.
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“And I another

So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune,

That I would set my life on any chance,

To mend it or be rid on ’t.”

This quote is very important to the scene, as it shows how determined and fearless the murderers hired by Macbeth are, as they have nothing to lose. The hyperbole used that says that the person would set his life on any chance, whether it would fix it or end it, dehumanizes the murderer, and makes the audience understand how reckless and atrocious he will be when murdering Banquo. He also mentions how unlucky and sad his life was, and blames Banquo for it, showing how unregretful and cynic he will be in his violence.

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In this scene, Lennox and the lord are talking about the events that have occurred in the few days after the murder of king Duncan, and how the people believe Macbeth. From this scene, we also learnt that Macbeth wants the throne so much that he is prepared to go to war for it. We also learn that Macduff has fled Scotland.

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This scene shows how Lennox and Malcom proclaimed with the plans overthrow Macbeth. Even though Banquo’s murder has been blamed on Fleance officially who had fled. This scene spoils the war that will going to happen and how Lennox thinks suspicious of Macbeth and the news about the new king. The scene contains supernatural elements such as Banquo’s ghost to increase the premonition and ominous omen of the audience.

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The main theme in this scene would be suspicion. The conversation between Lennox and Lord started by Lennox revealing his doubts concerning Macbeths actions of immediately murdering the guards, and that they are probably less likely to have done it than Macbeth is.

Suspicion is an occurring theme, as Lennox has doubts of Macbeth and thinks that immediately murdering the guards added more suspect as it shows evidence that he wanted to get rid of.

They also relate back to the similarities of the murders of Banquo and King Duncan. Another theme would be hope, Lennox was super loyal to Macbeth and can't help but to feel suspicion of Macbeth and his possible actions.

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Lennox
Lennox believes that Macbeth got the thrown in a fair way. He believes that Malcolm and his brother killed Duncan so that they could get the thrown. He is curious about what is happening to Malcolm and where they went. He also does believe that the servants deserve justice to their crimes, however he doesn’t like the rule of Macbeth. He is not a fan of the way Macbeth rules. He calls him a tyrant as he is not a fan of Macbeth.

Lord
The lord is the information giver to Lennox. Lennox is very curious as to what exactly happened at Duncan’s murder. The civilians aren’t sure what happened and that is why they are asking their leaders as to what happened. Therefore, Lennox is asking the lord. The lord gives him information as to what has happened to Malcolm and his brother. We find out where Malcolm and his brother went and how they are trying to stop Macbeth

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“It was for Malcolm and for Donalbain

To kill their gracious father? Damnèd fact!

How it did grieve Macbeth!”

Here we find out that the civilians do still believe that Malcolm and Donalbain killed Duncan. They are loyal to their new king and they believe that Duncan’s death deeply grieved Macbeth. They don’t think that everything is strange anymore and they are adapting to the new situation with their new king. They are also suspicious in the fact that Malcom and Donalbain killed Duncan as they cannot believe it and to do it together also doesn’t make sense as only one brother could get the throne. Therefore, the suspicion of Lennox makes this quote very interesting.

“He did, and with an absolute “Sir, not I,”

The cloudy messenger turns me his back,

And hums, as who should say “You’ll rue the time

That clogs me with this answer.””

This quote said by Lord replies to Lennox’s inquiry asking if Macduff was asked to return to Scotland, Lord explains that Macduff refused to return back, and how the messenger rudely turned is back to Macduff as a symbol that he will rue the day you gave me that answer. This quote is to show that there is more action to the plot, and more that is happening. It creates suspicion to the reader after he recites “You’ll rue the time that clogs me with this answer” what will happen next? What does he mean when he says regret? What will the consequence be?

“My former speeches have but hit your thoughts,

Which can interpret farther. Only I say

Things have been strangely borne. The gracious Duncan

Was pitied of Macbeth. Marry, he was dead.”

This quote shows how Lennox started to think about Duncan’s suspicious death. He thought it was weird how Macbeth pitied Duncan right after Duncan had died. Lennox thinks Fleance had killed Duncan as Fleance fled the scene of the crime. Lennox shows how he thinks that Fleance killed Duncan by saying “Wasn’t it loyal of him to kill those two servants right away, while they were still drunk and asleep? That was the right thing to do, wasn’t it?” This quote shows the misunderstood Lennox and the start of what will going to happen after he made his assumption.

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Plot summary
In the following act, Macbeth has invited the Lords for a meal in his castle, as they make their way to the table specifically by ranking as Macbeth instructed Macbeth notices the first murderer appearing by the door. He is quite confused by this and proceeds to approach the murderer who informs him that Banquo was dead however Fleance had managed to escape. After Macbeth has consulated himself that Fleance would not be a threat to his plan he makes his way back to his seat. However, as Macbeth approaches the table he claims that it is full. Lennox assures him of the empty seat, even so Macbeth sees a ghost figure who he then notices is no one other than Banquo. He questions which Lord was responsible for the murder oblivious to the fact that Macbeth was the only one who could see the ghost. Lady Macbeth reassures the lords that Macbeht had been having these peculiar visions this childhood and there was no reason to have concern. Macbeth argues with this frustrated that no one else could see Banquo's presence but then covers it up solemnly with a toast in regards to Banquo. The ghost then reappears shocking Macbeth causing him to scream in terror causing concern to the, before calm lords.

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The significance of this scene is it is one of the key scenes in the play as it is when Macbeth starts hallucinating. The theme of the play Macbeth is mainly paranoia, ambition and the supernatural, therefore when Macbeth starts visioning Banquo’s ghost it follows the theme of the supernatural seeing as this is not a common thing to happen in a daily life. In this scene Macbeth hallucinates Banquo sitting on his chair, however he seems to be the only one that notices this as Lennox gestures Macbeth to the chair revealing it is empty, the other Lords of the table have blank expressions and appear to be calm unlike Macbeth. This was the start of Macbeth’s paranoia as he was worried someone would find out about his relation to both Banquo’s and the king’s death as well as Fleance disappearance. Ever since the strange event during the dinner with the lords in this act, Macbeth’s personality change grew more disturbed throughout the acts.

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In act 3 scene 4 there is a clear representation of the theme of Paranoia. In this scene Banquo is killed by the first murderer and later on the scene Macbeth hallucinates and sees Banquo’s ghost. Furthermore, the hallucination is a result of his remorse and guilt. He has managed to manifest all of the regret into some sort of plausible spirit - hence Banquo's appearance.  This is clear through the statement “(to GHOST) Thou canst not say I did it. Never shake

Thy gory locks at me.” he is potentially attempting to reason that he was never the one to metaphorically 'pull the trigger' as such he fails to see that the blood is in on his hands - he feels trapped. This raises the question "Is Banquo's ghost real or a figment of Macbeth's guilty mind?" The uncertainty emphasizes that Macbeth's fate is part of him, caused by his character: his ambition and guilt. In addition to following, Lady Macbeth begins to inform everybody else present at the dinner table that this is just another one of 'macbeth's fits'. Once again, she downplays the significance of the situation which emphasizes her ambition. For more context, the very fact that she is not able to see Banquo's ghost alongside her husband highlights that she doesn't feel as remorseful or haunted by the situation. Lastly, when Macbeth sees banquo sitting at the head of the table, it could symbolize that Macbeth took what was meant to be his, and now consequences - such as the constant paranoia and supernatural driven fear - will follow.

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Macbeth: At the start of the scene Macbeth was calm and composed having a nice time with his guests until lennox tells him to have a seat, in the seat was the ghost of banquo one of his good friends which he sent out to get murdered he becomes unsettled this also being the point of his insanity “Thou canst not say I did it: never shakeThy gory locks at me.” this quote is showing Macbeth talking to the ghost of Banquo showing he really is going mad as the guilt and remorse takes over.

Lennox: Lennox a young thane that is convinced by Macbeth’s grief and a lack of appearance by Duncan’s sons, thus blaming Duncan’s sons for the murder saying Macbeths grief couldnt be fake, as it really was geniuine leadning him even to insanity as shown later in the scene as Lennox saying Macbeth is innocent is proven in this quote “How it did grieve Macbeth! did he notstraightIn pious rage the two delinquents tear,That were the slaves of drink and thralls of sleep?Was not that nobly done? Ay, and wisely too; For 'twould have anger'd any heart alive To hear the men deny't. So that, I say, He has borne all things well: and I do think That had he Duncan's sons under his key--As, an't please heaven, he shall not--they should find What 'twere to kill a father; so should Fleance.” this also proves his loyalty to Macbeth which later changes in this quote as he is trying to get someone to safety fearing Macbeth would get him killed “And that well mightAdvise him to a caution, to hold whatDistance His wisdom can provide. Some holy Angel Fly to the court of England and unfold His message ere he come, that a swift”. To summarise Lennox is a young thane who sides with Macbeth due to his real emotion and later finds out the truth and turns his back on him.

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Thou canst say I did it. Never Shake thy gory locks at me

This quote, is spoken by Macbeth to Banquo's ghost, and implies that Macbeth refuses to take the blame for Banquo's murder. While Macbeth didn't commit the actual murder, as he sent murderers to do the deed, he does feel guilty, which becomes evident once he hallucinates Banquo's ghost at his royal banquet. Furthermore, Macbeth fails to recognize that despite the fact that he did not execute the act, banquo's blood is still on his hands.  Macbeth tells Banquo that he cannot 'shake thy gory locks at' him. This quote utilizes the literary technique of irony, for more context in act 2, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had pinned the consequences that would follow king Duncans murder on two servants as oppose to taking the blame themsleves - this was in order to ensure that they would not have to bear the guilt.. Ironically, it seems as though his actions have come back to haunt him, both metaphorically and literally, through Banquo's ghost. The statement  'thou canst say i did it" uses tone smarty, to further elaborate while  the line itself sounds like an order, macbeth's backing tone is both fear and remorse, he is not ordering for banquo's ghost to stop, he is pleading for the suffocating feeling to fade .

There the grown serpent lies; the worm that's fled

Hath nature that in time will venom breed,

This quote refers to Macbeth's fear that as things change he will lose power. Furthermore, the quote itself  is a metaphor. For more context, the grown serpent is Banquo and the worm is Fleance. In time the worm will grow and breed, and Macbeth will lose control and status yet again - he believes so as one of the prophecies from the witches was that Banquo would father a line of kings. The use of the word 'venom' essentially portrays Banquo as a malicious character which is not the case. As such, this quote can also be interpreted as  ironic due to the fact snakes are commonly associated with evil and Macbeth is by far the more immoral character here. It  conveys how Macbeth’s ambition has caused him to lose touch with reality  - if he truly believes Banquo is wicked.

'Tis better thee without than he within.Is he dispatched?”
This quote was said by Macbeth, here, he is talking to The first murderer and the first signs of ambition start to show, these are being expressed by the usage of imagery, Macbeth is saying how he’d rather see banquo’s blood splattered on his face than flowing through bancuo’s veins. He was really desperate to be king he made the first murderer do his dirty work and sent him to kill banquo and fleance but fleance managed to escape. When Macbeth says “Is he dispatched?” it is very clear that Macbeth is acting paranoid he has to make sure that Banquo was dead so then nothing could come in his way. When he says “Is he dispatched?” he means  Did you finish him off? And did you kill him, Macbeth’s ambition to be powerful was so big he started going mad and paranoid.

“Then comes my fit again. I had else been perfect,

Whole as the marble, founded as the rock,

As broad and general as the casing air.

But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in

To saucy doubts and fears.—But Banquo’s safe?”

This quote was said by Macbeth after the first murderer said “Most royal sir, Fleance is ’scaped.” He said that he murdered banquo but Fleance escaped. Macbeth continues to say that now he’s scared again. Otherwise it would have been perfect, as solid as a piece of marble, as firm as a rock, as free as the air itself. Here we can see the use of imagery, tactile and visual, he is explaining how perfect his plan would have been if he killed Fleance he also juxtaposition to take two opposite things to connect them with one topic, here he used “Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, As broad and general as the casing air.” Macbeth continues to say that now he's all tangled up with doubts and fears. Here the beginning of his paranoia starts to grow, this is also foreshadowing for when he loses it and starts to imagine things and start to see ghosts. Lastly he says But Banquo’s been taken care of? Here he is making sure that Banquo is dead and he cant come in his way of becoming king anymore, this is a sign of paranoia because he had to ask the murderer several times if he completely killed banquo which is also foreshadowing to later in the scene where macbeth sees banquo's ghost in his castle.

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Purpose of the scene in the wider play (Natalia)

This scene is included to show the audience how Macbeth is starting to be really paranoid and think there is a bigger threat to him which is Banquo - He starts building up jealousy that there will be someone else ruling after him. And now Macbeth wants to get rid of Banquo so that doesn't happen. This scene is important because it shoes how Macbeth went from being the one who needed his wife’s support in order to go through the murder of Duncan and the one who was all innocent and a good man who has now become a heatless man that will eliminate any threat that he feels will take his crown away. This is also an important scene because it shows how the relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth has changed, and now Macbeth is keeping secretes and not telling Macbeth his next steps before doing them, showing how now the roles in their marriage have changed and even Lady Macbeth thinks that they aren't entirely happy now that they have the crown and she also comments how Macbeth has been acting distant.

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“Light thickens, and the crow, Makes wing to th’ rooky wood. Good things of day begin to droop and drowse; Whiles night’s black agents to their preys do rouse.” - Macbeth

This quote is spoken by Macbeth as he reveals to Lady Macbeth his plan about Banquo’s eventual murder while simultaneously providing insight into the changes that occurred to Macbeth’s character. Supernatural imagery is quite apparent within this quote and serves as foreshadowing for the events that will unfold in following scenes. For instance, the beginning of the quote depicts to how the sky is darkening and the crow flies to its home in the forest and symbolises how Banquo’s murder is going to occur as on the night of Duncan’s murder the sky had darkened with the weather becoming unruly and that crows are bad omens suggesting that death is near; thus these references to supernatural imagery help to foreshadow how Macbeth will soon enact the murder of his fellow ally Banquo. Moreover, the metaphor present in the latter half of the quote depicts the change that has occurred in Macbeth’s demeanour from the beginning of the play in Act 1 to the current point in Act 3. The line “Good things of day begin to droop and drowse; Whiles night’s black agents to their preys do rouse,” is referring to  how, as night falls, the gentle creatures of the day fall asleep while the predators of the night commence their hunt for prey. Meaning that the previous line is representing how the innocence in Macbeth has been laid to rest and how Macbeth has embraced his role as the predator following Duncan’s murder while displaying violent tendencies of his own as seen through his intention of carrying out Banquo’s murder. Therefore, this quote provides insight into the shift that’s occurred in Macbeth’s demeanour; from the man of heroicness and valour he was remembered as in Act 1, to the villainous and sinister man he’s transformed to as of the current act.

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“From whom this tyrant holds the due of birth”  |

This quote shows how the Lord does not like Macbeth, as he calls him a tyrant. This could show how most people don’t like Macbeths rule and think that he is not fit to be king. The second part of the quote shows that Macbeth only holds the throne because most people think that Malcom killed his father, and that he wouldn't be fit to rule in any other circumstance.