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The French revolution broke out in France in 1789.
There are various reasons why this revolution broke out.
First of all it broke out due to social causes: most of the French population lived in agriculture but only few of these owned a land to support their family. Obviously many of them lived in poor conditions, and this issue got worse with the social inequality because the peasants had to pay taxes while the nobles were exonerated. Also the destination of tithes which the peasants were obliged to pay to their local churches was a cause of grievance as it was known that the majority of parish priests were poor and the contribution was being paid to an aristocratic, and usually absentee, abbot.
Second, it broke out due to financial causes: there was still an economic crisis due to the debt of 12 billions pound left by the extravagance of King Louis XIV and the French government was unable to pay it.
There were also cultural and political reasons. As for the cultural causes, people were influenced by the spread of Enlightenment, which spread ideas of equality and freedom.
As for the political situation, the figure of the monarch was weakened because lost its absolute power and gave it to nobility.

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Main Events during the French Revolution

•Call of the Estates Generals (May 5, 1789)

May 5, 1789

King Louis XVI calls forth the Estates General together for the first time in a long time. Featuring the clergy, the noblemen, and the rest of France together.

•Tennis Court Oath (June 17, 1789)

June 17, 1789

After being removed from the Estates General, the Third Estate forms the National Assembly. They then swear to the Tennis Court saying that they will not leave until

•Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

July 14, 1789

Angry revolutionaries storm the Bastille. By doing this, not only does it serve to make a statement against the monarchy but the mob also attained weapons and gunpowder that were kept in the prison.

•Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 26, 1789)

August 26, 1789

The Declaration of the Rights of Man is written and states that all men are equal under law. Women and children were not affected by this document.

•March on Versailles (October 5, 1789)

October 5, 1789

Parisian market women lead a march on Versailles to protest about scarcity and high price of bread.

•Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July 12, 1790)

July 12, 1790

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is published allowing the French government control of the Church. Due to badly needed money, the government starts to sell church land.

•Royal Family attempts to flee (June 20, 1791)

June 20, 1791

King Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee from France but are caught at Verannes. They are sent back to Paris where the King is forced to go on trial.

•Execution of the King (January 21, 1793)

January 21, 1793

After being put on trial the king is sentenced to death. He is executed by the guillotine on January 21, 1793.

•Reign of Terror (September 1793- July 1794)

September 1793 - July 1794

Thousands of people are sentenced to death by execution that is caused by conflict between two political parties the Jacobins, and the Girondins. The leader of the Jacobins, Maximilien arises as a new leader of the Revolution.

•Execution of Robespierre (July 27 1794)

July 27 1794

Maximilien Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, is executed and the power of the Jacobins fall with him. The Girondins gain more power as a result.

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The French Revolution had a great impact that probably changed the world more than any other revolution.

1 End of Bourbon Rule in France
The House of Bourbon is a French Dynasty that had ruled France for over 400 years. Its reign was disrupted by the French Revolution.

2 Feudalism was destroyed
Feudalism was destroyed and all the laws of the Old Regime were cancelled.

3 Loss in power of the French Catholic Church
The French Catholic Church was almost destroyed during the Revolution. Its priests and nuns were turned out, its leaders executed or exiled, its property controlled by the state and tithes was abolished.

4 The Birth of Ideologies
The French Revolution gave birth to ideologies. Prior to the French Revolution, people generally lived in the form of government that had been in place for centuries. However, after the French Revolution, no government was accepted as legitimate without justification.

5 The Rise of Modern Nationalism
Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion or allegiance to a nation and places these obligations above other individual or group interests. The French Revolution played a key role in the birth of nationalism across Europe.

6 The Spread of Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality. During the French Revolution, hereditary aristocracy was overthrown with the slogan “liberty, equality, fraternity” and France became the first state in history to grant universal male suffrage.

7 Laying the Groundwork for Communism
The French Revolution didn’t directly produce 19th century ideologies known as Socialism and Communism. However, it did provide an intellectual and social environment in which these ideologies, and their spokesmen, could flourish

8 Ushered in the Age of Revolutions
Many counties were inspired by the French Revolution. (Irish Rebellion of 1798; the Haitian Revolution; the First Italian War of Independence; Sicilian revolution of 1848; the 1848 revolutions in Italy; and the independence movements of Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America)

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The French Revolution had a deep and lasting impact upon the whole of Europe.
Many in England were inspired by the movement’s core ideas of society equality , believing that a new era of political change has been announced .
Members of the establishment, however, felt a fundamental threat from there new ways of thinking , and the debate that follow would provoke a substantial literary and political response from all sections of society.
The revolution continued to have a strong influence on British society well into the nineteenth century. A large number of political emigrants from France had made their home in Britain in the years after the revolution , markedly changing the character of some of the areas in which they settled.
The French Revolution is also associated with the origins of the Romantic movement in Britain, the start of which is dated to 1789, the year of the revolution.

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Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most well-known rulers of history. Thanks to his strategic thinking he managed to win battle after battle and keep his position as emperor of France for an incredibly long time, considering most of Europe was fighting against him.

The most famous battles he directed were the battles of: Marengo, Austerlitz, Lipsia and Waterloo. He was defeated by the British navy at Trafalgar  in 1798.

Napoleon was defeated at Lipsia, because his army had been weakened by the harsh conditions of Russian winter. He was banished to the island of Elba, however he didn't stay there for long. He returned for 100 days and took power again, however was defeated soon at the famous battle of Waterloo and expelled to the island of Saint Elena.

Apart from his military achievements, Napoleon made some important civil reforms. He organized the police force, improved education opportunities and passed a new civil code which reflected the social- conservatist ideas of the revolutionary population of the time.