# data[].attributes.headline
Name: Hernando Casaran Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research     Tutor: Claudia Yuliana Ramirez                                              QUALITATIVE RESEARCH It is clear that the origins of qualitative methods are found in antiquity but from the nineteenth century, with the rise of the social sciences, especially lasociología and anthropology, this methodology begins to develop progressive. Qualitative research looks for the "why", not the "how" of your topic through the analysis of unstructured information - things like interview transcriptions, responses to the open survey, emails, notes, comment forms, photos and videos . These are not based solely on statistics or numbers, which are the domain of quantitative researchers. Qualitative research is based on phenomenology (being and time) as a narrative instrument to achieve the product sought to be focused through the interpretation of being through the phenomenological , in a social and cultural scenario from its internal perspective, to describe various characteristics (behavior and thought) present in the researched being. This type of method allows the researcher an easier methodology to examine these characteristics, supported by other orientations (observation, interaction with the environment, culture, knowledge, form of communication and social organization); all of them with validity (truth) and reliability (results) extracted from the focus group by studying the case applied, through the technique used by the researcher to extract orecopilar the information required for the investigative process, as a strategy to know the facts. Modern lacience registers several ways of conceiving qualitative research. Some are inclined to assess different aspects of research, whether the scope of inquiry, methods or epistemology, as a doctrine of the fundamentals and methods of scientific knowledge, whose purpose is the study of the production and validation of scientific knowledge. Qualitative research recognizes the subjectivity of the subjects as a constituent part of their inquiry process. This implies that ideologies, identities, judgments and prejudices, and all elements of culture imply the purposes, the problem, the object of study, the methods and instruments. The qualitative method has to be governed by certain aspects: discretion and confidentiality with respect to the data of the subject, the information that should be given to the same about the experiment, the issues of manipulation, etc. In my work or work, the qualitative method allows objectividada through various techniques, which allow to identify the characteristics or historical, political, social, cultural, population through strategies proposed from the Municipal Development Plan, and variables must be directed all our efforts, ie, sedebe comply with the descriptive goals contemplated in said Plan, and in addition, there are some social indicators that are evaluated through surveys, observation and cost-benefit; where the reports delivered on a monthly basis regain great importance to the interested parties (manager, auditors and comptroller) at the moment of making judgments of assessment or fulfillment of objectives. Many of them start from case studies conducted in certain areas to a focus group (according to the need to be met), although many of the communities have very different characteristics, even being within the same radius of community action. 1) In summary qualitative research is a particularly valuable approach because it problematizes the ways in which individuals and groups constitute and interpret organizations and societies.   It can be said that qualitative research also facilitates the learning of cultures and organizational structures because it provides the researcher with ways to examine the knowledge, behavior and artifacts that participants share and use to interpret their experiences. Unquestionably it is difficult to work with this type of research, because humans have their own view of all situations, both the researcher and the subject, and we tend to have prejudices, ideologies, culture and an identity that could represent a problem in research. But within the precepts of ethics in science, there is justice and truth, and the investigator must adhere to these two before any other. It can be added Brown (2005, p. 79) defines schoolscape as the physical and social setting of teaching and learning, the context in which the curriculum is implemented and where certain ideas and messages are socially supported and officially sanctioned. Brown (2012) further specifies schoolscape as “the school-based environment where place and text, both written (graphic) and oral, constitute, reproduce, and transform language ideologies” (p. 282). To align it with LL research, Brown (2012, pp. 281–282) refers to it as the linguistic landscape of educational spaces.My understanding of schoolscape as an LL differs from Brown’s definitions (Brown, 2005, 2012). I have no issues with its linguistic component as pertaining to languages, albeit I see great prospect in defining schoolscape as more than linguistic, i.e. semiotic, as done by Laihonen and Tódor (2017) and Szabó (2015). It is the landscape component as understood as an environment marked by artifacts that is arguably problematic, echoing the commonly cited definition of landscape as a delimited area, a territory or a region by Landry and Bourhis (1997, p. 23). There are exceptions, such as Jaworski and Thurlow (2010) and Leeman and Modan (2009), but I agree with Nash (2016) that there is not enough attention paid to the relevance of landscape in LL research. There is no single definition of landscape that most(geographic) landscape researchers agree on, except, perhaps, that it is more complex than mere forms or phenomena as given on a delimited.  

# data[].attributes.subject
Name: Hernando Casaran Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research     Tutor: Claudia Yuliana Ramirez                                              QUALITATIVE RESEARCH It is clear that the origins of qualitative methods are found in antiquity but from the nineteenth century, with the rise of the social sciences, especially lasociología and anthropology, this methodology begins to develop progressive. Qualitative research looks for the "why", not the "how" of your topic through the analysis of unstructured information - things like interview transcriptions, responses to the open survey, emails, notes, comment forms, photos and videos . These are not based solely on statistics or numbers, which are the domain of quantitative researchers. Qualitative research is based on phenomenology (being and time) as a narrative instrument to achieve the product sought to be focused through the interpretation of being through the phenomenological , in a social and cultural scenario from its internal perspective, to describe various characteristics (behavior and thought) present in the researched being. This type of method allows the researcher an easier methodology to examine these characteristics, supported by other orientations (observation, interaction with the environment, culture, knowledge, form of communication and social organization); all of them with validity (truth) and reliability (results) extracted from the focus group by studying the case applied, through the technique used by the researcher to extract orecopilar the information required for the investigative process, as a strategy to know the facts. Modern lacience registers several ways of conceiving qualitative research. Some are inclined to assess different aspects of research, whether the scope of inquiry, methods or epistemology, as a doctrine of the fundamentals and methods of scientific knowledge, whose purpose is the study of the production and validation of scientific knowledge. Qualitative research recognizes the subjectivity of the subjects as a constituent part of their inquiry process. This implies that ideologies, identities, judgments and prejudices, and all elements of culture imply the purposes, the problem, the object of study, the methods and instruments. The qualitative method has to be governed by certain aspects: discretion and confidentiality with respect to the data of the subject, the information that should be given to the same about the experiment, the issues of manipulation, etc. In my work or work, the qualitative method allows objectividada through various techniques, which allow to identify the characteristics or historical, political, social, cultural, population through strategies proposed from the Municipal Development Plan, and variables must be directed all our efforts, ie, sedebe comply with the descriptive goals contemplated in said Plan, and in addition, there are some social indicators that are evaluated through surveys, observation and cost-benefit; where the reports delivered on a monthly basis regain great importance to the interested parties (manager, auditors and comptroller) at the moment of making judgments of assessment or fulfillment of objectives. Many of them start from case studies conducted in certain areas to a focus group (according to the need to be met), although many of the communities have very different characteristics, even being within the same radius of community action. 1) In summary qualitative research is a particularly valuable approach because it problematizes the ways in which individuals and groups constitute and interpret organizations and societies.   It can be said that qualitative research also facilitates the learning of cultures and organizational structures because it provides the researcher with ways to examine the knowledge, behavior and artifacts that participants share and use to interpret their experiences. Unquestionably it is difficult to work with this type of research, because humans have their own view of all situations, both the researcher and the subject, and we tend to have prejudices, ideologies, culture and an identity that could represent a problem in research. But within the precepts of ethics in science, there is justice and truth, and the investigator must adhere to these two before any other. It can be added Brown (2005, p. 79) defines schoolscape as the physical and social setting of teaching and learning, the context in which the curriculum is implemented and where certain ideas and messages are socially supported and officially sanctioned. Brown (2012) further specifies schoolscape as “the school-based environment where place and text, both written (graphic) and oral, constitute, reproduce, and transform language ideologies” (p. 282). To align it with LL research, Brown (2012, pp. 281–282) refers to it as the linguistic landscape of educational spaces.My understanding of schoolscape as an LL differs from Brown’s definitions (Brown, 2005, 2012). I have no issues with its linguistic component as pertaining to languages, albeit I see great prospect in defining schoolscape as more than linguistic, i.e. semiotic, as done by Laihonen and Tódor (2017) and Szabó (2015). It is the landscape component as understood as an environment marked by artifacts that is arguably problematic, echoing the commonly cited definition of landscape as a delimited area, a territory or a region by Landry and Bourhis (1997, p. 23). There are exceptions, such as Jaworski and Thurlow (2010) and Leeman and Modan (2009), but I agree with Nash (2016) that there is not enough attention paid to the relevance of landscape in LL research. There is no single definition of landscape that most(geographic) landscape researchers agree on, except, perhaps, that it is more complex than mere forms or phenomena as given on a delimited.  

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THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE              Name: Jessica Yohana Gutiérrez BarreraCourse: Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchTutor: Claudia Yuliana RamirezDate: March 23th, 2019   Theoretical Perspective The theory we use is that of Creswell, John W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Quantitative research is the approach to test different theories by examining the relationship between variables, which can be measured in instruments where numerical data can be analyzed through statistical results, obtaining a written report, where its structure is compound for an introduction, literature and theory, methods results and discussion. Bearing in mind that research strategies focused on quantitative research for the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, they were invoked by the worldview and originated in psychology. rigorous so-called quasi-experiments of a single subject in which the experimental treatment is administered over time, either to an individual or a small group of individuals.                

# data[].attributes.subject
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE              Name: Jessica Yohana Gutiérrez BarreraCourse: Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchTutor: Claudia Yuliana RamirezDate: March 23th, 2019   Theoretical Perspective The theory we use is that of Creswell, John W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Quantitative research is the approach to test different theories by examining the relationship between variables, which can be measured in instruments where numerical data can be analyzed through statistical results, obtaining a written report, where its structure is compound for an introduction, literature and theory, methods results and discussion. Bearing in mind that research strategies focused on quantitative research for the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, they were invoked by the worldview and originated in psychology. rigorous so-called quasi-experiments of a single subject in which the experimental treatment is administered over time, either to an individual or a small group of individuals.                

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A theory in quantitative research is the interrelated set of constructs developed in propositions or hypotheses, which determine the relationship between the variables, it is stressed that a theory originates in a research study as a discussion or a reasoning, helping to explain the phenomena that occur in this world.

Similarly, the document mentions an example to explain the theory of quantitative research as it is the metaphor of a rainbow can help visualize how a theory operates Suppose that the rainbow joins the independent or dependent variables (or constructions) in A study. This rainbow joins the variables and provides a general explanation of how and why one would expect the independent variable to explain or predict the dependent variable. Theories develop when researchers try a prediction over and over again.

REFERENCES https://www.thoughtco.com/theoretical-perspectives-3026716

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THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Name: Jesús Eduardo Carrillo Galavis. Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research.Tutor: Claudia Yuliana Ramirez.  The theory that I will use is Pragmatism Overview It was developed by John Dewey, George Mead, William James and Charles Sanders Peirce, and it was used to study its basic concept is only what works, it focuses in the objective real world. Pragmatism values ​​the insistence on consequences as a way of characterizing the truth or meaning of things. Pragmatism is opposed to the view that human concepts and the intellect represent the real meaning of things, and therefore contrasts with the philosophical schools of formalism and rationalism. Pragmatism also holds that only in the debate between organisms endowed with intelligence and with the environment that surrounds them is where, the theories and data acquire their meaning. Rejects the existence of absolute truths, ideas are provisional and subject to change, in the light of future research. This theory indicates that pragmatism is not committed to any one system of philosophy and reality. This applies to mixed methods research in that inquirers draw liberally from both quantitative and qualitative assumptions when they engage in their research.. As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variables: Research Designs that are types of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research design Quantitative Designs according to study case, phenomenological research, ethnography and grounded theory. to influence or explain the dependent variable like Mixed Methods involves combining or integration of qualitative and quantitative research and data in a research study. Qualitative data tends to be open-ended without predetermined responses while quantitative data usually includes closed-ended responses such as found on questionnaires or psychological instruments. because pragmatism, as a philosophical current, is divided and interpreted in many ways, which has given rise to opposing ideas that claim to belong to the original idea of ​​what pragmatism is. An example of this is the notion of practicality: certain pragmatists are opposed to practicality and others interpret that practicality derives from pragmatism. This division arises from the elementary notions of the term pragmatism and its use. Basically it can be said that, since pragmatism is based on establishing a meaning to things through consequences, it is based on subsequent judgments and avoids any prejudice. What is considered practical or not depends on considering the relationship between utility and practicality. In the independent variable, the experimental verification, the researcher tries to artificially reproduce the phenomena that occur spontaneously in reality and that he wishes to understand; when it has a hypothesis that establishes a supposed causal link between an object, process or characteristic (supposed cause) and the object process or characteristic that requires an explanation (the effect), experimentally manipulates the first to see if the effect that the hypothesis described.  ReferencesCreswell, J. (2014). The Three Approaches to Research. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Tuhr, J. (1999) Pragmatism and Classical American Philosophy: Essential Readings and Interpretive Essays. New York: Oxford University Press.

# data[].attributes.subject
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Name: Jesús Eduardo Carrillo Galavis. Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research.Tutor: Claudia Yuliana Ramirez.  The theory that I will use is Pragmatism Overview It was developed by John Dewey, George Mead, William James and Charles Sanders Peirce, and it was used to study its basic concept is only what works, it focuses in the objective real world. Pragmatism values ​​the insistence on consequences as a way of characterizing the truth or meaning of things. Pragmatism is opposed to the view that human concepts and the intellect represent the real meaning of things, and therefore contrasts with the philosophical schools of formalism and rationalism. Pragmatism also holds that only in the debate between organisms endowed with intelligence and with the environment that surrounds them is where, the theories and data acquire their meaning. Rejects the existence of absolute truths, ideas are provisional and subject to change, in the light of future research. This theory indicates that pragmatism is not committed to any one system of philosophy and reality. This applies to mixed methods research in that inquirers draw liberally from both quantitative and qualitative assumptions when they engage in their research.. As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variables: Research Designs that are types of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research design Quantitative Designs according to study case, phenomenological research, ethnography and grounded theory. to influence or explain the dependent variable like Mixed Methods involves combining or integration of qualitative and quantitative research and data in a research study. Qualitative data tends to be open-ended without predetermined responses while quantitative data usually includes closed-ended responses such as found on questionnaires or psychological instruments. because pragmatism, as a philosophical current, is divided and interpreted in many ways, which has given rise to opposing ideas that claim to belong to the original idea of ​​what pragmatism is. An example of this is the notion of practicality: certain pragmatists are opposed to practicality and others interpret that practicality derives from pragmatism. This division arises from the elementary notions of the term pragmatism and its use. Basically it can be said that, since pragmatism is based on establishing a meaning to things through consequences, it is based on subsequent judgments and avoids any prejudice. What is considered practical or not depends on considering the relationship between utility and practicality. In the independent variable, the experimental verification, the researcher tries to artificially reproduce the phenomena that occur spontaneously in reality and that he wishes to understand; when it has a hypothesis that establishes a supposed causal link between an object, process or characteristic (supposed cause) and the object process or characteristic that requires an explanation (the effect), experimentally manipulates the first to see if the effect that the hypothesis described.  ReferencesCreswell, J. (2014). The Three Approaches to Research. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Tuhr, J. (1999) Pragmatism and Classical American Philosophy: Essential Readings and Interpretive Essays. New York: Oxford University Press.