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Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist he was born in November 25, 1835. He is from  Dunfermline, United Kingdom but he moved to see where his life would take him he was a Scottish immigrant. Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States. One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting and adapting the Bessemer process, which allowed the high carbon content of pig iron to be burnt away in a controlled and rapid way during steel production. The second was in his vertical integration of all suppliers of raw materials. In the late 1880s, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of pig iron, steel rails in the world, with a capacity to produce approximately 2,000 tons of pig metal per day.

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Christopher Latham Sholes was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard. He was born on February 14, 1819, in Mooresburg, PA. Sholes had moved to Milwaukee and became the editor of a newspaper. Following a strike by compositors at his printing press, he tried building a machine for typesetting, but this was a failure and he quickly abandoned the idea. Sholes took this advice and set to improve the machine at every iteration, until they were satisfied that Clephane had taught them everything he could. By this time, they had manufactured 50 machines or so, at an average cost of $250. In early 1873 they approached Remington, who decided to buy the patent from them. Sholes sold his half for $12,000. Sholes returned to Milwaukee and continued to work on new improvements for the typewriter throughout the 1870s which included the QWERTY keyboard.

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Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer. He was born on March 3, 1847, in  Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Bell experimented with a "phonautograph", a pen-like machine that could draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing their vibrations. In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. On March 10, 1876, three days after his patent was issued, Bell succeeded in getting his telephone to work, using a liquid transmitter similar to Gray's design. The Bell Telephone Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. Bell Company engineers made numerous other improvements to the telephone, which emerged as one of the most successful products ever.

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Elias Howe Jr. was an American inventor best known for his creation of the modern sewing machine. Elias was born on July 9, 1819, in Spencer, MA. Howe was not the first to conceive of the idea of a sewing machine. Many other people had formulated the idea of such a machine before him.  However Howe upgraded his design concepts to be better than anyone else on September 10, 1846, he was awarded the first United States patent for a sewing machine using a lockstitch design. His machine contained the three essential features common to most modern machines a needle with the eye at the point, a shuttle operating beneath the cloth to form the lock stitch, and an automatic feed.

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Henry Bessemer was an English inventor, whose steel-making process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century. The invention from which Bessemer made his first fortune was a series of six steam-powered machines for making bronze powder, used in the manufacture of gold paint. Henry was most famous for creating the Bessemer process, the Bessemer process involved using oxygen in air blown through molten pig iron to burn off the impurities and thus create steel. As he refined the process, Bessemer found that his steel was lighter and easier to shape than traditionally made metals, and that he could produce far greater quantities of it at a rate 10 times faster.