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Scientific Modelling - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Modeling of chronic diseases is undertaken to answer research questions on these diseases and their health impact. General background knowledge, data from research and disease registries, expert knowledge, and judgment are all crucial in modeling. Models are applied to explain observations and make predictions, similar to scientific theory in general.

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Evidence for growing demands for workforce in RE industry

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Evidence for growing demands for workforce in RE industry

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The figures are important because they help to counter the perception in many countries that shutting fossil fuel power plants, which is necessary to help meet the emissions reduction targets of the Paris climate change agreement, will lead to a net loss of jobs. “By providing policy makers with this level of detail about the composition of renewable energy employment and skills requirements, countries can make informed decisions on several important national objectives, from education and training, to industrial policies and labour market regulations,” said Dr Rabia Ferroukhi, Head of IRENA’s Policy Unit and Deputy Director of Knowledge, Policy and Finance

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More than half a million jobs around the world were created in the renewable energy sector in 2017 , bringing the total number of people employed in the sector to more than 10 million for the first time.

Figures from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) show that more than 70% of clean energy jobs are in just six countries - China, Brazil, the US, India, Germany and Japan - suggesting the sector has significant scope to continue growing in years to come.

IRENA's fifth Renewable Energy and Jobs - Annual Review showed that the sector employs 10.3 million workers, with 60% of jobs in Asia. "Although growing numbers of countries are reaping the socio-economic benefits of renewables, the bulk of manufacturing takes place in relatively few countries and domestic markets vary enormously in size," IRENA said.

" Renewable energy has become a pillar of low-carbon economic growth for governments all over the world, a fact reflected by the growing number of jobs created in the sector," said Adnan Z. Amin, director-general of IRENA.

"The data also underscores an increasingly regionalised picture, highlighting that in countries where attractive policies exist, the economic, social and environmental benefits of renewable energy are most evident," he continued. "Fundamentally, this data supports our analysis that decarbonisation of the global energy system can grow the global economy and create up to 28 million jobs in the sector by 2050."

The biggest sector is the solar photovoltaics industry, where the number of jobs grew by almost 9% to 3.4 million, two thirds of them in China. The top five countries, which also include Japan, the US, India and Bangladesh, have about 90% of the world's solar PV employees.

The next biggest sector, wind, has just a third of the workers found in PV at 1.15 million, with 84% of all wind jobs based in China, Europe or North America. The wind industry remains highly concentrated geographically, with half of the 10 countries with the highest installed capacity in Europe. This is in part because the sector originated there, and in part because it has been the first part of the world where wind farms have spread from the land to the seas around its coastlines.

Northern Europe is ideally suited to offshore wind farms not just because of its wind resources but because the sea bed in the North Sea is relatively shallow and turbines can be attached to the sea floor. Many other parts of the world have strong winds but are too deep to have fixed turbines. However, as floating wind turbine technology develops, markets such as the US, China and Japan are expected to grow strongly in years to come.

Biofuels employment (at close to 2 million jobs) expanded by 12%, as production of ethanol and biodiesel expanded in most of the major producers. Brazil, the United States, the EU and South-East Asian countries were among the largest employers.

The figures are important because they help to counter the perception in many countries that shutting fossil fuel power plants, which is necessary to help meet the emissions reduction targets of the Paris climate change agreement, will lead to a net loss of jobs. "By providing policy makers with this level of detail about the composition of renewable energy employment and skills requirements, countries can make informed decisions on several important national objectives, from education and training, to industrial policies and labour market regulations," said Dr Rabia Ferroukhi, Head of IRENA's Policy Unit and Deputy Director of Knowledge, Policy and Finance. "Such considerations will support a fair and equitable transition to a renewables-based energy system. The energy transformation narrative is one of improving economic opportunity and a rise in social wellbeing as countries implement supportive policies and attractive regulatory frameworks to fuel industrial growth and sustainable job creation."

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Clean Energy Sector Employs More Than 10 Million For The First Time

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The renewable energy industry continues its astonishing growth story, not just in terms of installed capacity but also its importance to the global economy. IRENA has announced that the sector now employs more than 10 million jobs for the first time.

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This study finds that the majority of Malaysians are concerned about climate change. Similarly, Corner et al. (2011) reported that 71% of the UK population were either fairly or very concerned about climate change. It seems that the level of concern regarding global warming in Peninsular Malaysia is approximately equal to that in the population of the UK. The results of this study showed that the term “climate change” evoked different free associations among the Malaysian public.

Modeling results suggest that the cost of renewable energy has an indirect effect on attitudes towards using renewable energy through associated impacts on PU and PEOU. A possible explanation for this might be that Malaysia is among the nations with the highest fossil fuels subsidies. Subsidies for fossil fuels have resulted in market failure and made it difficult for renewable energy technologies to compete economically. The cost of producing and using renewable energy is therefore relatively expensive. Fig. 7 provides more details concerning fuel subsidies in Malaysia between 1990 and 2010. Note that in 2007, energy subsidies in Malaysia were the second largest in the ASEAN region (after Indonesia) and exceeded 8 billion USD.

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Renewable energy technology acceptance in Peninsular Malaysia

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This article spells out energy demands that the five renewable energy sources outlined can meet so it's kinda useful

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Summary of energy demand and renewable energy policiesin Malaysia

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A comprehensive article to help understand the future of sustainable energy in Malaysia via looking at current indicators

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Review of baseline studies on energy policies and indicators in Malaysia forfuture sustainable energy development