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-Could not find the socket for the rice cooker
- unable to recall her way back home
- got confused with her money when paying for the food
- risk taking behaviour when crossing the road
- unable to identity her son

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- unable to button her own shirt correctly in the first time while she was standing in front of the mirror

- unable to count the correct amount money to pay the chicken rice

- unable to recalled her way back home

- didn't not notice she didn't on the rice cooker to cook the rice

- poor safety awareness while crossing the road

- unable to recognize the son and daughter in law only able to recognize her grand daughter

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Thanks, everyone for doing this learning activity.

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Thanks, everyone for doing this learning activity.

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Do remember to watch this short video clip and submit your responses before 31st May 2019 (0900hrs).
Happy learning, Teresa!

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1. Unable to access the needs for the rice cooker to work. (did not plug in the plug)

2. Unable to wear her shirt correctly. (cannot button)

3. Difficulty counting money upon paying.

4. Becoming inpatient with counting of money.

5. Cannot recognise her way home.

6. Cannot remember where she stay.

7. Cannot recognise her child.

8. Lack of safety awareness.

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From the video we can see that the elderly might be having mild to moderate dementia.

Few cognitive symptoms that were shown are :
1. inability to button up her shirts - Apraxia
2. Inability to count money - problem with executive functioning
3. Inability to remember the way back home - Amnesia
4. Inability to recognize son & daughter-in-law - Agnosia
5. Lack of safety awareness and poor judgement - when she was crossing the road

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The video display a few cognitive impairments.

The elderly suffer from :
- Amnesia: Lost her way, had difficulty to remember her home address
- Apraxia: Unable to perform basic ADL, such as buttoning her blouse.
- Agnosia: Unable to recognize her son and daughter-in-law.
- Poor judgement when crossing the road
- Unable to count money to buy food
- Repeating her words
- Unable to operate the rice cooker

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1) Forgotten how to turn on the rice cooker.

2) Difficulty in wearing her shirt correctly- unable to button her shirt correctly

3) Difficulty counting money to pay for food.

4) Memory problem- Forgotten how to find her way home.

5) Less aware of surrounding, lack of safety awareness-causing her to cross the road when there is on coming traffic

6) Recognition- Unable to recognise own son and daughter in law

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1. Unable to button her shirt correctly the first time

2. Unable to count money

3. Unable to recall her way back home

4. Unable to recall her address

5. Unable to operate rice cooker (Forgot to plug in rice cooker)

6. Poor safety awareness

7. Unable to recognise family members

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-inability to  count money
-forgot to plug  on the rice cooker
-unable to button her shirt correctly
-unable to find her way back home
-unable to recognized son and daughter in law
- poor judgement, crossing the road aimlessly. lack of safety awareness

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signs and symptoms from video:
1) Poor Judgement and decision making
2) Inability to count money
3) Forget where she live
4) Repeating herself often
5) Memory loss that disrupts her daily life:
-Unable to operate rice cooker
-Took a long time to wear her button shirt
-Forget how to prepare meals.
6) Unable to recognized son and daughter-in-law
7) Poor judgement when crossing the road

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Signs and Symptoms

Cognitive symptoms

Amnesia: Lost her way home, had difficult remembering  home address

Apraxia: Unable to perform basic ADLs (Buttoning her blouse up herself up)

Agnosia: Unable to recognise her son and daughter-in-law

Executive dysfunction: Unable to use rice cooker (did not notice plug was not in), unable to pay chicken rice (did not know how to count)

Behavioral and psychological  symptoms

Anxiety, wandering

Poor judgement

Uncertain when to cross the road (aimlessly)

# data[].attributes.body
-Forgot to switch on the rice cooker switch (Amnesia)
-Unable to button her blouse (Apraxia)
-Problem with executive functioning: didn't know how much she needed to pay for the food
-Forgot how to go home after buying food for her grandaughter (Amnesia)
-Unable to recognize family members (Agnosia)

Poor judgement- when crossing the road

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Apraxia: Unable to button up shirt properly

Executive functioning:  Unable to pay correct amount of money for chicken rice, Fail to recognize fault of the rice cooker (forgot to plug in power source)

Amnesia: Unable to recognize way back to home

Repetitive behaviour: by asking passenger to bring her home without knowing the location

Risk taking behaviour and failure for decision making: while trying to cross the road

Agnosia: Unable to recognize family member

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Problems with recent memory

Problems with visual perception

Changes in mood, behavior & personality

Withdrawal from hobbies & activities

Misplacing things

Confused with places and time

Difficulties in planning and thinking

Difficulties in communication

Difficulties in completing familiar tasks

Poor judgement & impaired social behavior

The elderly in the video is suffering from moderate dementia. She shows the following signs and symptoms of moderate dementia below:

Wandering and getting lost

Repeating words

Neglecting personal hygiene

Losing track of time and events

Forgetting the names of common objects and familiar people

Irritability and agitation

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Signs and symptoms of dementia from the video:

1)      Unable to cook rice as she forgot to put on the plug

2)      Unable to put on the buttons

3)      Unable to count money while buying chicken rice

4)      Unable to come back to home as she forgot her address

5)      Unable to cross the road

6)      Unable to recognize her son

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-she forgot how to operate the rice cooer .
- she not able to performance basic need like having difficulty in button her clothe .
- she forget her ways home after packing the lunch .
- poor judgement , she crossing the when there is on-coming traffic
- cannot recognised her son
she is suffering from  moderate to late stage of dementia.
Moderate-interfere normal activities
ADL

Late stage- cannot recognised people

.

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Executive functioning : Do not know how to use the rice cooker,  had no idea how to fix it. Unable to count the coins properly.
Amnesia : After buying the chicken rice she suddenly forgotten how to go back home, and wandering around anxiously.
Agnosia : She is not able  to recognized her son and daughter in law
Aproxia : Cannot button her clothes properly
The video shows that the elderly is suffering from mild to moderate amount of dementia. The decline functioning lost of memory, language impairment and executive functioning are obvious sign of dementia.

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Signs & symptoms of dementia:

1. Problems with recent memory

2. Problems with visual perception

3. Changes in mood, behaviour & personality

4. Withdrawal from hobbies & activities

5. Misplacing things

6. Confused with places and time

7. Difficulties in planning and thinking

8. Difficulties in communication

9. Difficulties in completing familiar tasks

10. Poor judgement & impaired social behaviour

In mild dementia
-forgetful
-occasionally repeating
-behave erratically
-withdrawn, lethargic, agitated
-difficulties planning daily activity

In moderate dementia :

Wandering and getting lost

Repeating words

Neglecting personal hygiene

Losing track of time and events

Forgetting the names of common objects and familiar people

Irritability and agitation

Behavior becomes more problematic and affecting daily activities. Memory lapse are more noticeable.

In severe dementia :
- unable to recognise family
- requires assistance in ADLS
- Unable to communicate effectively.

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1.Having difficulty to button up her clothing on her own, feeling stressed out yet not able to voice out for help and took her a long time than usual to button up her top.
2. Unable to operate the rice cooker, and forgotten that it is unplugged and not spoiled
3. Couldn't count her money.
4. Lost her way and forgotten where she lived.
5. Having issue to express her thoughts.

The lady suffered from amnesia, agnosia, apraxia, aphasia and executive functioning, which i have mentioned above within the five points.

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1) She had difficulty buttoning up her blouse.
2) Unable to identify that the rice cooker was not plugged in.
3) Unable to count her money to pay for the chicken rice.
4) lost her way home and unable to verbalise her home address.
5) Unable to recognise her son

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Sign and symptom of dementia patient in the video:
1.Executive function-Unable to on rice cooker because dint plug in the socket
2.Apraxia-Unable to button the shirt
3.Executive function: loss of administrative control affects and the ability of organize and regulate task or information and often cause behavioral change.
-She unable to calculate money, unable to explain her feeling and feel anxious and have difficulty to cross the road
4.Amnesia-she lost her way to go home
5.Agnosia-Unable to recognize her son and daughter in law

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1: She is unable to do her activities of daily living.
2: Firstly: unable to distinguish the rice cooker function .
3: Unable to coordinate herself by wearing simple button shirt.
4: Unable to recognize her way back to home, unable to differentiate the traffic light and direction to home .
5: Difficulties in explaining her thoughts and expressing .

# data[].attributes.headline
Liu Yajing                                               The signs and symptoms of dementia showed in the video:             1. Amnesia: Lost her way home after bought the chicken rice, forgot her home address, wondering around.     2. Agnosia: Unable to recognise her son and daughter in law                       3. Aproxia: Unable to button her clothes                                                      4. Executive functioning: unable to use her rice cooker-did not plug in for power, unable to start the rice cooking; unable to count the coins properly; difficulty in crossing the road (Traffic light). 

# data[].attributes.subject
Liu Yajing                                               The signs and symptoms of dementia showed in the video:             1. Amnesia: Lost her way home after bought the chicken rice, forgot her home address, wondering around.     2. Agnosia: Unable to recognise her son and daughter in law                       3. Aproxia: Unable to button her clothes                                                      4. Executive functioning: unable to use her rice cooker-did not plug in for power, unable to start the rice cooking; unable to count the coins properly; difficulty in crossing the road (Traffic light). 

# data[].attributes.headline
Chen Lu                   This elderly lady may has mild to moderate dementia, as:               1, Amnesia: she was unable to remember her way home, unable to remember her home address.                       2, Agnosia: she was unable to recognize her son and daughter in law.                           3, Executive function: unable to use rice cooker or rule out the reason why rice cooker not function;  unable to pay appropriate amount of money or count money, unable to plan properly when crossing over the road.   4, Apraxia: unable to button properly

# data[].attributes.subject
Chen Lu                   This elderly lady may has mild to moderate dementia, as:               1, Amnesia: she was unable to remember her way home, unable to remember her home address.                       2, Agnosia: she was unable to recognize her son and daughter in law.                           3, Executive function: unable to use rice cooker or rule out the reason why rice cooker not function;  unable to pay appropriate amount of money or count money, unable to plan properly when crossing over the road.   4, Apraxia: unable to button properly

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Symptoms of the video shown for the elderly.
- unable to turn on the rice cooker by distinguish whether the plug is attach to the socket.
- unable to button her blouse in a correct way.
- behave anxious when unable to recognize the way to go home.
- unable to differentiate danger by crossing road without seeing there's car coming by.
- unable to recognize family member.

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AD been described as a distinct disease of the cerebral cortex which are senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle.  Before AD symptoms appears, 10-15 years before, two main lesions
are form in the brain, which are senile plaque -beta amyloid protein and neurofibrillary
tangle-Tau protein. These will affects elderly in their motor function, behavior, communication, cognition  ..…

From the video, we can see that it is important to recognize signs and symptoms so that help to prevent incident from happening and early intervention to slow down the prognosis. Dementia has 3 different stages, which are early , middle and late stage.
Early stage-forgetful and repeats himself, sometimes behave oddly and become withdrawn, lethargic or agitated. Difficult in palling day to day activity.
Middle stage- memory lapses more obvious, behavior become problematic and interfere with day to day activities.
Late stage- unable to recognize family members and need help in personal care. Speech may difficult to understand and may not comprehend what is being said to them.

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The presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles contribute to the pathogenesis and symptoms of dementia. Neurofibrillary tangles are usually first seen in the hippocampus, which is responsible for learning and memory, and progresses to the rest of the brain, manifesting in memory and language impairments and failure of executive functions.

The video portrayed several cognitive dysfunctions of dementia:
1) Apraxia - disconnection between the idea of doing a task and its execution - inability to operate the rice cooker
2) Agnosia - inability to recognise her son and daughter-in-law
3) Amnesia - inability to recall home address

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The video shows that:
- the elderly is portraying signs of mild to moderate dementia
- she is unable to perform daily and familiar task like cooking rice, she is unable to figure out how to operate the rice cooker
- poor coordination of fine motor skills such as button her blouse
- unable to count money due to poor abstract and problem solving skills
- unable to remember her address hence unable to return home
- behavioural changes, become anxious and seen crying
- she is unable to recognise familiar faces such as her son and daughter in law

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The elderly may have suffered from mild to moderate dementia.

1. Difficulty performing familiar task - unable to button her own clothes and unable to start the rice cooker as she has forgotten to plug in. Did not know how to cross the road and stands at the traffic area for a long time.
2. Problems with abstract thinking - unable to count money accurately.
3. Disorientation to place & wandering and getting lost - Forgot her way back home after she brought her chicken rice. Wanders around for hours to find her way back
4. Behavioural and mood changes - anxiety and anger when no one is able to bring her home
5. Forgetting names and unable to recognize family members

# data[].attributes.headline
SUN YUELINGDementia is not normal aging. It is an illness which affects the brain, causing the brain cells to die faster than normal person. Types of dementia: Alzheimer’s disease dementia, vascular dementia. There is no medical cure for this disease, not can delay worsening. There are 3 stages of dementia:Mild stage:  forgetful. And repeat what they have said or done. Sometimes appears tired and agitated.Moderate stage: lost some of memory. Unable to attend normal day-to-day activities, such as neglecting personal hygiene, forgetting the names of familiar peopleSevere stage: unable to recognize family members, unable to perform BADL. For dementia caregivers, they need support also. Because it is hard to take care of dementia patient, the caregiver needs to put a lot physical and emotional effort. The doctor may give family members better suggestion for how to take care of elderly with dementia.

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SUN YUELINGDementia is not normal aging. It is an illness which affects the brain, causing the brain cells to die faster than normal person. Types of dementia: Alzheimer’s disease dementia, vascular dementia. There is no medical cure for this disease, not can delay worsening. There are 3 stages of dementia:Mild stage:  forgetful. And repeat what they have said or done. Sometimes appears tired and agitated.Moderate stage: lost some of memory. Unable to attend normal day-to-day activities, such as neglecting personal hygiene, forgetting the names of familiar peopleSevere stage: unable to recognize family members, unable to perform BADL. For dementia caregivers, they need support also. Because it is hard to take care of dementia patient, the caregiver needs to put a lot physical and emotional effort. The doctor may give family members better suggestion for how to take care of elderly with dementia.

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1. Not able to use rice cooker. forgot need to plug in first in order to start the rice cooker
2. having difficulty to button own clothing
3. difficulty counting money when buying chicken rice or granddaughter, end up give up and just give the coins to the owner
4. cannot  remember the way home. very anxious and crying. not able to remember own address when the stranger ask. repeatedly say want to go home and her granddaughter is waiting for her to be back
5. difficulty crossing road and not able to recognise when to cross and when not to
6. unable to recognise son and daughter in law

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Do watch the video embedded in the learning activity on AD before you submit your comments.
It is short local produced movie clip on dementia.
Happy learning!

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The signs and symptoms indicate this person had dementia in the video:
1. unable to use rice cooker: forgot need to plug in the charger.
2. unable to button clothes properly.
3. unable to count the money when buying food.
4. cannot remember the way to go back home.
5. anxious and crying (behavioral changes) when unable to find out the way back home.
6. don't know how to cross the road, stuck in the middle of the road
7. cannot recognize the family member (son and daughter in law).
8. communication problem, cannot get the information from others and inattention.

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Dementia is an overall term that describes a group of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills. It is related to neurons faster death and is not a normal ageing. It is progressive and can reduce a person's ability to perform daily activities when severe enough.
Both the person with dementia and the caregiver are very stressful, which usually cause burn out. Since there is no cure for it yet, more family and community support is needed. Dementia-friendly community is highly recommended, so that person with dementia can wander around freely and get help from others. In order to meet this target, public education on dementia is needed.

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Dementia is an illness that leads to the decline of the brain and its abilities in judgment, language, planning, and behaviour. It can affect adults of any age, although it is more likely to occur in those above 60 years old.

Treatment of dementia depends on its cause. In the case of most progressive dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, there is no cure and no treatment that slows or stops its progression. But there are drug treatments that may temporarily improve symptoms.

10 WARNING SIGNS:

1. Difficulty doing familiar task

2. Poor or decreased judgement

3. Problems communicating

4. Changes in mood or behaviour

5. Misplacing things

6. Forgetfulness that affect day-to-day function

7. Changes in personality

8. Withdrawal from work or social activities

9. Confusion of time and place

10. Difficulty planning or solving problems

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1. difficult in planing& organization, unable to perform familiar task: dont know how to use the rice cooker, Button wrongly, cannot do money management when she counting the coins, dont know how to cross the street
2. Memory loss: especially the recent memory, forget the way to home, home address, not recognize her children
3. Difficulty in communication or finding words, when this client talk to the strangers,