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Definition: The constant fluctuation of total business activity
Sentence: The business cycle for a company was on a major decrease and it caused layoffs.

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Definition: General decrease because of high employment, falling wages, and low inflation
Sentence: The economy suffered from a period of contraction after unknown oil prices fall.

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Definition: The highest point of demand
Sentence: The stocks hit the peak of success in the early 2000's.

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Definition: Economic Recovery
Sentence: The expansion made the company ecstatic for future growth.

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Definition: A low point
Sentence:  As the company started to lose customers they began to fall into a trough.

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Definition: A period of general economic decline
Sentence: Due to recession, there are a lot of things we could not due anymore, that was previously done.

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Definition: Business activity drops significantly
Sentence: Banks went through depression in the 1930's.

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Definition: Regulation of money supply and interest rates
Sentence: In class we did am assignment on monetary policy to see how the fed funds function.

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Definition: Lends money, reserves and bank notes to member banks
Sentence: The Federal Reserve is responsible for monetary decisions in the United States.

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Definition: Expanding the economy through government policy to make money more accessible.
Sentence: Accessing credit falls under the easy money policy.

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Definition: Increases money supply by lower interest rates.
Sentence: The tight money policy was necessary to contain inflation.

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Definition: The amount of money the Federal Reserve has to hold
Sentence: The reserve requirement allows us to have a sense of security.

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Definition: Decisions made by the President and Congress regarding government spending and taxations
Sentence: The fiscal policy allows us to trust the government to handle our money.

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Definition: All previously incurred annual federal deficits
Sentence: The national debt continues to increase rapidly.

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Definition:  The amount that exceeds its income over a period of time
Sentence: The government has had a budget deficit because they continue to spend more than they bring in from taxes.

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Definition: The amount government's, company's, or ones personal income
Sentence: Upon finding a budget surplus, it could possibly be a good time for a risky investment.

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Definition: Higher class pays larger taxes than the lower class
Sentence: The progressive tax makes more sense for lower income families.

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Definition: Taxing lower class a larger percent than higher class
Sentence: A regression tax makes no sense in terms of a lower class because they are lower class for a reason.

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Definition: A system in which all incomes are taxed the same
Sentence: The Republican party is usually in favor of proportional tax.

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Definition: The process of increasing the connectivity of the world's market and businesses.
Sentence: Increased globalization was encouraging.

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Definition: Negative balance of trade
Sentence: By running into trade deficit, it will slow down business.

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Definition: Positive balance of trade
Sentence: The trade surplus was on the top of the list of importance to tell the president.

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Definition: Someone or a group doing an assignment more efficiently
Sentence: Accessing the material at a lower price gives us a comparative advantage.

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Definition: The ability of someone producing better material than the good, service or product than competitors.
Sentence: Apple has an absolute advantage over Android because of its high demand and technology.

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Definition: Exports excess imports
Sentence: Nations try to keep a favorable balance of trade.

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Definition: The value of imports exceeding the value of exports
Sentence:

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Definition: Work done for a company that was not done employees
Sentence: The company got help on their late work by outsourcing to other workers.

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Definition: An agreement reached by the United States, Canada, and Mexico that cancelled out tariffs and eliminated fees and other problems to encourage free trade between the three North American countries
Sentence: Many tariffs cancelled out by NAFTA were related to agriculture, textile and automobiles.

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Definition: British unofficial policy to relax strict regulations
Sentence: The end of salutary neglect marked a new era.

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Definition: Being taxed by government without the benefit of an elected official
Sentence: In the House of Burgesses, opposition to taxation without representation was led by Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee, among others.

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Definition: The first government after the Revolutionary War
Sentence: Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government's power was limited.

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Definition: Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine about promoting independence from Great Britain
Sentence: I wonder what would have happened if Thomas Paine never wrote " Common Sense" to leave Great Britain.

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Definition: "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness"
Sentence:  Many people like to live by the natural rights.

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Definition: A man’s natural state is free but man chooses to form a government to protect his property
Sentence: A marriage contract is a social contract, not just an agreement between the bonded pair.

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Definition: Most influential Enlightenment thinker
Sentence: In 1690, John Locke argued that prices vary in proportion to the quantity of money.

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Definition: French political analyst during the Age of Enlightenment
Sentence: Montesquieu withdrew from the practice of law to devote himself to study and writing.

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Definition: Influenced the Enlightenment throughout Europe
Sentence: Rousseau was also employed to paint architectural objects and landscapes in the palace of Hampton Court.

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Definition: Added to the US Constitution that satisfied the Anti-Federalists
Sentence: Sarah would ask many questions about the Bill of Rights, first amendment and the Constitution.

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Definition: A collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
Sentence: The Federalist Papers has long been a favorite testing ground for researchers trying out new writing style methods.

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Definition: They believed in the Constitution
Sentence: Federalist were the first American political party.

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Definition: Political party opposed the ratification of the US Constitution
Sentence: Anti-federalist resistant to the Constitution by repeatedly raising objections to the slave trade clause

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Definition: Gathering for congress to write a new constitution
Sentence:  The monarch is bound by constitutional convention to act on the advice of the Government.

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Definition: An agreement made between big states and small states on how much power states would have under the United States Constitution
Sentence: The Great Compromise allowed senators that were allocated by state and representatives by population.

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Definition: A rebellion was led by farmers in Massachusetts
Sentence: The Shays rebellion had served as a useful object-lesson.

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Definition: Settled the dispute of how slaves should be counted for the purpose of representation
Sentence: The three-fifth Compromise gave power to the white man and barely gave slaves the right to vote.

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Definition: A state be represented equally in Congress
Sentence: The New Jersey plan was put forward in response to the Virginia Plan.

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Definition:  A state be represented in Congress by population
Sentence: The Virginia Plan was refined and enlarged but held most of its initial structure after two weeks of debate.

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Definition: The representative assembly in the colonies
Sentence: The Virginia House of Burgesses condemned acts even before they took effect.

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Definition: Authority for state by government
2 Examples:
- Bleeding Kansas
- Consent of the governed

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Definition:  Division of the government to have equal powers  through the government
2 Examples:
- 3 branches of government
- Stolen Valor Act: Passed because of people saying they were military and making up stories for the honor of it and medals.

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Definition: Various procedures set in place to reduce mistakes, prevent improper behavior, or decrease the risk of centralization of power
2 Examples:
- President vetos a law passed by congress
- Supreme Court declares a law passed by congress unconstitutional

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Definition: A system of government in which gives states a shared power with national government
2 Examples:
- Marbury vs. Madison
- The power to tax rests with the Congress, specifically with the House of Representatives

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Definition: A state of order in which events conform to a law
2 Examples:
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of press

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Definition: Powers specifically written in the Constitution
2 Examples:
-The Power to tax and spend for the defense and general welfare of the U.S.
-Establish laws of naturalization

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Definition: Powers of U.S. government which have not been explicitly granted by the Constitution
2 Examples:
-Congress passes legislation on national health care based on the power granted to Congress by the Constitution.
- Constitution doesn't say that Congress has the right to establish a bank, but its defenders claimed that one was necessary to carry out the Congress' power to collect taxes

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Definition: Political power that is not prohibited by the constitution, but instead is reserved by the constitution
2 Examples:
-Establishing local government
- Regulating trade within a state

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Definition: Shared power between Federal and state government
2 Examples:
-Power to tax
-Create lower courts

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Definition: When 60 senators vote to stop filibuster
Example:  If all 100 senators voted on a cloture motion, 67 of those votes would have to be for cloture for it to pass

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Definition: Only happen in Senate- when a senator tries to prevent voting
Example: The senate tried to hold off voting because they wanted the best results

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Definition: When members of the HOR and senate compromise on differences in a bill before it goes to President
Example:  They were convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation

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Definition: Being a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect an official

Example: Registered voter

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Definition: Act of a person attempting to persuade the officials of actions, polices or decisions
Example:

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Definition: President outs bill aside for 10 days and if congress has adjourned it does not become a law
Example: The bill of increase of pay for state employees was pocket vetoed

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Definition: People that influence public policy
Example: Civil rights, elections

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Definition: A committee that meets regularly
Example: Armed Services, Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry

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Definition: President rejects bill
Example: The President did not like the bill brought to him about dropping the age of drinking so he vetoed it

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Definition: Supreme court hears the cases directly without seeing a lower court first
Example:  The 1998 case of State of New Jersey v. State of New York.

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Definition: Higher court looks over a lower court's decision
Example: Appeals court might find that the trial judge improperly disallowed evidence that should have been seen by the jury

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Definition: Steps gone through in the court system for a legal dispute
Example: A drunk driver receives a specific sentence as a result of precedent.

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Definition: Number of prisoners that return to prison after being released from prison or jail
Example: The percent of inmates have increased tremendously

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Definition: Law that regulates procedures and operations of government agencies
Example: Regulation of the Social Security Administration

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Definition: Dispute between to  people within the community
Example: Property damage

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Definition: Body of that the dictates the roles, powers and structure of government
Example: Schenck v. United States

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Definition: Law concerned with the punishment of those with who committed criminal activities
Example: Drinking and driving, murder, theft and assault

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Definition: The extent of which law officials have power
Example: A police officer cannot go out of the town of Zebulon because that is their jurisdiction.

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Definition: Decision based on future decision
Example: Brown v. Board of Education

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Definition: Law passed by legislative
Example: Tax laws, traffic regulations

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Definition: Legal rules made by judges
Example: The judge sentenced the man to probation for first defense theft

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Definition: illegal act that leads to civil legal liability
Example: One person hits another person in the nose, this can e counted at battery