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Royal Crescent is een straat in het zuiden van Bath in de vorm van een halve cirkel of halvemaan ("crescent" in het Engels) met 30 huizen erin en werd tussen 1767 en 1774 gebouwd. De straat is een van de beste voorbeelden van de Georgiaanse architectuur. Georgiaanse architectuur is veel gebruikt in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Het is gekenmerkt door de verhoudingen en balans; simpele wiskundige verhoudingen werden gebruikt om de hoogte van een raam in verhouding met zijn breedte of de vorm van een ruimte te bepalen. Regelmaat, zoals met ashlar (gelijkmatig gesneden) metselwerk, werd sterk goedgekeurd. Het gebrek aan symmetrie, waar Georgiaanse toevoegingen aan werden toegevoegd - aan eerdere structuren - die zichtbaar bleven, werd diep gevoeld als een fout. Regelmaat van gevels langs een straat was een wenselijk eigenschap van Georgiaanse stedenbouw. Georgiaanse ontwerpen lagen meestal binnen de Klassieke orden van architectuur. De meest gebruikelijke bouwmaterialen waren baksteen of steen. Veel gebruikte kleuren waren rood, bruin en wit. Door de jaren heen zijn er verschillende veranderingen aangebracht en in 2013 zijn de meeste huizen verbouwd tot appartementen of kantoorruimtes. Daarnaast bevinden zich in de straat ook een Georgiaans museum en een hotel. De stijl is een nieuw leven ingeblazen aan het einde van de 19de eeuw in de Verenigde Staten als Colonial Revival architectuur en bevatte veel verschillende kleuren. In de 20ste eeuw is het weer een nieuw leven in geblazen in Groot-Brittannië als Neo-Georgiaanse architectuur.

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Volgends de legende, was prins Bladud genezen van lepra na het baden in de hete modder van Bath. Als heeft hij in 863 VC. Bath gestischt. Drie warme bronnen kan je onder de stad vinden: the King's Spring, the Helting and the Cross Springs, waar in je kan baden bij Thermea Bath Spa.

In 43 Na Chr. begon het 'Aquae Sulis', voor rust en om te relaxen. Dit was gebouwd door de romeinen.

In 70 Na Chr. begonnen ze een series van baden en een tempel ter ere van de godin Sulis te bouwen. Een tempel voor Aesculopius, ontdekt bij Cross Bath, gaf de hint dat daar een bad was toegewijd aan helen, en niet alleen relaxen. Aquae Sulis trok toersiten van over heel Groot-Brittanië en Europa. Zieke mensen trokken heel Engeland door om hun onrein weg te wassen in het helende water.

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Bath Abbey is een kerk die is gebouwd in 757 v.Chr. Vroeger was het gebouw een kathedraal, maar rond 1090 werd het gedeeltelijk verwoest en is in de 15e eeuw weer gerestaureerd. Zo ontstond Bath Abbey zoals hij nu is.

De eerste koning van Engeland, King Edgar, vond de kerk zo mooi dat hij ervoor zorgde dat elke kroning in Bath Abbey zou plaatsvinden. Ook Koningin Elizabeth is hier gekroond,

Sir George Gilbert Scott, heeft van 1864 tot 1874 de complete binnenkant van de Abbey veranderd met zijn visie van Victoriaanse Gotische architectuur.

Als je nu naar Bath Abbey toe gaat dan zie je aan de voorkant de ladders met engelen. Het verhaal erachter is dat de bisschop van Bath, Oliver King, een droom heeft gehad dat engelen op en afdalen naar de hemel, wat hem de inspiratie heeft gegeven voor het design.

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Aquae Sulis (literally, "the waters of Sulis").[

Jane Austen lived here from 1801 with her father, mother and sister Cassandra, and the family resided at four different addresses until 1806.[115] Jane Austen never liked the city, and wrote to Cassandra, "It will be two years tomorrow since we left Bath for Clifton, with what happy feelings of escape."[116] Bath has honoured her name with the Jane Austen Centre and a city walk. Austen's Northanger Abbey andPersuasion are set in the city and describe taking the waters, social life, and music recitals.

aking the waters is described in Charles Dickens' novel The Pickwick Papers in which Pickwick's servant, Sam Weller, comments that the water has "a very strong flavour o' warm flat irons". The Royal Crescent is the venue for a chase between two characters, Dowler and Winkle.[118]Moyra Caldecott's novel The Waters of Sul is set in Roman Bath in 72 AD, and The Regency Detective, by David Lassman and Terence James, revolves around the exploits of Jack Swann investigating deaths in the city during the early 1800sIn 2012, Pulteney Weir was used as a replacement location during post production of the film adaptation of Les Misérables. Stunt shots were filmed in October 2012 after footage acquired during the main filming period was found to have errors

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Het Royal Victoria Parkis geopend in 1830 door de 11-jarige prinses Victoria. Het was het eerste park dat was vernoemd naar haar en een gebouw had dat was toegewijd aan haar. Het werd gerund als deel van de Victoriaanse openbare park beweging totdat het in 1921 werd overgenomen door de Bath Corporatie. Het park ligt vlak voor het Royal Crescent en bestaat uit 231.000 m ² met attracties zoals een skateboardhelling, tennisveld, bowlingbaan, golfbaan, een vijver om op te varen, open-lucht concerten, een kinderspeelplek en een 36.000 m ² grote botanische tuin. Het heeft een Green Flag Award gewonnen (de nationale standaard voor parken en groene ruimtes in Engeland en Wales) en is als tweede graad geregistreed door de English Heritage in het Nationaal Register van Historische Parken en Tuinen.

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Bath staat sinds 1987 op de Werelderfgoedlijst.

Het is 29 km² en hierin wonen 80.000 mensen.

De inwoners van Bath worden Bathonian's genoemd.

Er is veel toerisme en industrie.
Veel gebouwen zijn opgetrokken uit een wittige lokale steensoort, de zogeheten 'Bath stone'. De elegante 18e-eeuwse bouwstijl domineert. Bath is vooral een toeristenstad en na Londen de drukst bezochte stad in Engeland. Ook zijn er veel hoge scholen en paar middelbare scholen. De scholen zijn vrij modern en ontwikkelt. Het zijn vooral grote mooie gebouwen. Hieruit kan je halen dat de stad zelf waarschijnlijk ook vrij modern is.

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Modern building 2

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Royal Victoria Park is located in Bath, England. It was opened in 1830 by the 11-year-old Princess Victoria, it was the first park to carry her name, and includes an obelisk dedicated to her. It was privately run as part of the Victorian public park movement until 1921 when it was taken over by the Bath Corporation.

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Modern building 1

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Royal Crescent is een straat in de Engelse stad Bath. De straat bestaat uit een halve cirkel of halvemaan ("crescent" in het Engels) met 30 huizen erin en zij werd tussen 1767 en 1774 gebouwd. Allereerst werd de façade gebouwd naar een ontwerp van de architect John Wood de Jongere (zoon van John Wood de Oudere).

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Rond 8000 v.Chr. kwamen er mensen in dit gebied.

Rond 8000 voor Chr. kwamen hier mensen wonen, ook al was de plaats eigenlijk te warm en te moerassig om er te leven. Voor de bewoners waren de zeldzame warm waterbronnen erg prettig.

Bath is gesticht door de Romeinen Vroeger was Bath een badplaats gewijd aan de god Sulis (minerva).

Archeologen hebben metalen platen ontdekt waar vervloekingen op waren geschreven, naar wie de schrijvers vonden dat ze hun onrecht hadden aangedaan. Wanneer een burger's kleren uit het badhuis waren gestolen, zou het goed mogelijk zijn dat hij een vloek voor de verdachten, om gelezen te worden door de godin.

Er is later een tempel gebouwd in 60 en 70 na Chr. In de 300 jaar die volgde is er een grote spa gebouwd. In Maart 2012, zijn er 30.000 Romeinse munten gevonden, 130 meter van de badplaats vandaan.

In de middeleeuwen werd Bath belangrijk in de productie van wol. De religieuze invloed van de stad groeide tussen 1090 en 1200. In de 18e eeuw werd Bath een moderne badplaats waar vooral rijkere mensen naartoe gingen. Je kan nog steeds de neoclassicitische bouwstijl sterk aanwezig.

De stad ontleent haar naam aan de vele baden en natuurlijke bronnen die er te vinden zijn. Het was de favoriete plek van de Romeinen om te ontspannen. Zij bouwden rond de natuurlijke heetwaterbronnen een complex aan badhuizen en schoonheidssalons. De complete stad met haar historische gebouwen staat op de Unesco Werelderfgoedlijst.

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Mevrouw van den Hoek

elvira.vandenhoek@gmail.com

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The Roman Baths are a well-preserved in the city of Bath, Somerset, England. A temple was constructed on the site between 60-70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain. Its presence led to the development of the small Roman urban settlement known as Aquae Sulis around the site. The Roman baths-designed for public bathing-were used until the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th Century CE. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the original Roman baths were in ruins a century later. The area around the natural springs was redeveloped several times during the Early and Late Middle Ages.

The Roman Baths are preserved in four main features: the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Roman Bath House, and a museum which holds artefacts from Aquae Sulis. However, all buildings at street level date from the 19th century. It is a major tourist attraction in the UK, and together with the Grand Pump Room, receives more than 1.3 million visitors annually. Visitors can tour the baths and museum but cannot enter the water.

The water which bubbles up from the ground at Bath falls as rain on the nearby Mendip Hills. It percolates down through limestone aquifers to a depth of between 2,700 and 4,300 metres (8,900 and 14,100 ft) where geothermal energy raises the water temperature to between 69 and 96 °C (156.2 and 204.8 °F). Under pressure, the heated water rises to the surface along fissures and faults in the limestone. This process is similar to an enhanced geothermal system, which also makes use of the high pressures and temperatures below the earth's crust. Hot water at a temperature of 46 °C (114.8 °F) rises here at the rate of 1,170,000 litres (257,364 imp gal) every day, from a geological fault (the Pennyquick fault). In 1982 a new spa water bore-hole was sunk, providing a clean and safe supply of spa water for drinking in the Pump Room.

Water quality

Bath was charged with responsibility for the hot springs in a Royal Charter of 1591 granted by Elizabeth I. This duty has now passed to Bath and North East Somerset Council, who carry out monitoring of pressure, temperature and flow rates. The thermal waters contain sodium, calcium, chloride and sulphate ions in high concentrations.

The Roman Baths are no longer used for bathing. In October 1978, a young girl swimming in the restored Roman Bath with the Bath Dolphins, a local swimming club, contracted meningitis and died, leading to the closure of the bath for several years. Tests showed Naegleria fowleri, a deadly pathogen, in the water. The newly constructed Thermae Bath Spa nearby, and the refurbished Cross Bath, allow modern-day bathers to experience the waters via a series of more recently drilled boreholes.

Archaeological evidence indicates that the site of the baths may have been a centre of worship used by Celts; the springs were dedicated to the goddess Sulis, whom the Romans identified with Minerva. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his largely fictional Historia Regum Britanniae describes how the spring was discovered by the pre-Roman British king Bladud who built the baths there. Early in the 18th century Geoffrey's obscure legend was given great prominence as a royal endorsement of the waters' qualities, with the embellishment that the spring had cured Bladud and his herd of pigs of leprosy through wallowing in the warm mud.

Roman Britain

The name Suliis continued to be used after the Roman invasion, leading to the town's Roman name of Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis"). The temple was constructed in 60-70 AD and the bathing complex was gradually built up over the next 300 years. During the Roman occupation of Britain, and possibly on the instructions of Emperor Claudius, engineers drove oak piles to provide a stable foundation into the mud and surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead. In the 2nd century it was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted building, and included the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (lukewarm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath). After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the first decade of the 5th century, these fell into disrepair and were eventually lost due to silting up, and flooding. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle suggests the original Roman baths were destroyed in the 6th century.

About 130 curse tablets have been found. Many of the curses are related to thefts of clothes whilst the victim was bathing.

Post-Roman use

The baths have been modified on several occasions, including the 12th century, when John of Tours built a curative bath over the King's Spring reservoir, and the 16th century, when the city corporation built a new bath (Queen's Bath) to the south of the spring. The court physician Théodore de Mayerne bathed Anne of Denmark in the King's Bath on 19 May 1613. She returned in August 1615. Anne of Denmark was surprised by a flame caused by natural gas in King's Bath, and thereafter used the New Bath or Queen's Bath where a column with a crown and the inscription "Anna Regnum Sacrum" was added in her honour.

The spring is now housed in 18th-century buildings, designed by architects John Wood, the Elder and John Wood, the Younger, father and son. Visitors drank the waters in the Grand Pump Room, a neo-classical salon which remains in use, both for taking the waters and for social functions. Victorian expansion of the baths complex followed the neo-classical tradition established by the Woods. In 1810 the hot springs failed and William Smith opened up the Hot Bath Spring to the bottom, where he found that the spring had not failed but had flowed into a new channel. Smith restored the water to its original course.

The visitor entrance is via an 1897 concert hall by J. M. Brydon. It is an eastward continuation of the Grand Pump Room, with a glass-domed centre and single-storey radiused corner. The Grand Pump Room was begun in 1789 by Thomas Baldwin. He resigned in 1791 and John Palmer continued the scheme through to completion in 1799. The elevation on to Abbey Church Yard has a centre piece of four engaged Corinthian columns with entablatures and pediment. It has been designated by Historic England as a grade I listed building. The north colonnade was also designed by Thomas Baldwin. The south colonnade is similar but had an upper floor added in the late 19th century. The museum and Queen's Bath including the "Bridge" spanning York Street to the City Laundry were by Charles Edward Davis in 1889. It comprises a southward extension to the Grand Pump Room, within which some parts of the 17th-century Queen's Bath remain.

The museum houses artefacts from the Roman period including objects that were thrown into the Sacred Spring, presumably as offerings to the goddess. These include more than 12,000 Denari coins, which is the largest collective votive deposit known from Britain. A gilt bronze head of the goddess Sulis Minerva, which was discovered nearby in 1727, is displayed. An audio guide is available in 12 languages.

The Bath Roman Temple stood on a podium more than two metres above the surrounding courtyard, approached by a flight of steps. On the approach there were four large, fluted Corinthian columns supporting a frieze and decorated pediment above. The pediment, parts of which are displayed in the museum, is the triangular ornamental section, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 8 feet (2.4 m) from the apex to the bottom, above the pillars on the front of the building. It featured the powerful central image of a possible " Gorgon" head glowering down from a height of 15 metres (49 ft) on all who approached the temple. The great head itself has snakes entwined within its beard, wings above its ears, beetling brows and a heavy moustache although there is some controversy about what this really represents, as Gorgons are usually female. An alternative interpretation sees the central head as the image of a water god such as Oceanus, and yet another as a Celtic sun god. In early 2010 various stones on the pediment were conserved and rearranged.

Also on display are the remains of the elaborate hypocaust heating system, which served the sweat rooms.

In 2016 planning permission was received for a new learning centre aimed at schoolchildren and linked to the baths by a tunnel. Funding is being sought from the Heritage Lottery Fund and, if successful, it is hoped the centre will open in 2019.

The late 19th century carvings of Roman Emperors and Governors of Roman Britain on the terrace overlooking the Great Bath are particularly susceptible to the effect of acid rain and are protected with a wash of a sacrificial shelter coat every few years. Exhibits within the temple precincts are susceptible to warm air which had the effect of drawing corrosive salts out of the Roman stonework. To help reduce this, a new ventilation system was installed in 2006.

In 2009 a grant of £90,000 was made to Bath and North East Somerset Council to contribute towards the cost of re-developing displays and improving access to the Roman Baths, by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport/Wolfson Fund, which was established to promote improvements in Museums and Galleries in England. Subsequent grants have funded further work on the exhibition design and layout by London-based specialist firm, Event Communications.

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The Roman Baths are a well-preserved in the city of Bath, Somerset, England. A temple was constructed on the site between 60-70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain. Its presence led to the development of the small Roman urban settlement known as Aquae Sulis around the site.

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Old building 2

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The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath, commonly known as Bath Abbey, is an Anglican parish church and a former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England. Founded in the 7th century, Bath Abbey was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s.

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Old building 1

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The Roman Baths is a historical site in the south west of England (in the city of Bath).
The Roman Baths are well-preserved Roman site for public bathing, entering requires tickets, they are sold Online - here (though you have to print'em yourself).
The Roman Baths are lower and underneath the nowadays street level. The 4 distinctive attributes of the Roman Baths are - a Sacred Spring, The big Roman Bath House, a Roman Temple, and also the Museum (with finds from Roman Bath). The Great Bath itself (which you can see in all the photos below) is dated to the first century (A.D) - the whole structure above the height of the pillar bases is (sadly) a reconstruction.

For more information visit Wikipedia - Roman Baths, Bath
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Roman Baths, Bath, England - | Amazing Places |

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The Roman Baths is a historical site in the south west of England (in the city of Bath). The Roman Baths are well-preserved Roman site for public bathing, entering requires tickets, they are sold Online - here (though you have to print'em yourself). The Roman Baths are lower and underneath the nowadays street level.