# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1961
Questions: Were the confiscated materials protected by the First Amendment?
Decision: They declared that all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth Amendment is inadmissible in a state court.
Votes: 6 majority, 3 dissenting

# data[].attributes.headline
Your boxes should look something like the one below for each court case. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Your boxes should look something like the one below for each court case. 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Date

2. Constitutional issue (posed as a question)

3. Decision (answer to question)

4. Votes for majority/dissenting opinion

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1803
Questions: Which branch of government is most powerful?
Decision: They are all equal as this cases establishes the ability of the Supreme Court to determine the Constitutionality of a law
Votes: 4 majority
2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
At the end of each column provide an evaluation of what has changed or what has stayed the same over time for the given category.

# data[].attributes.body
Date: February 24, 1969
Questions: Why do the students have the right to wear the black armbands?
Decision: The Supreme Court thought the students free rights should be protected and they don't shed their
Votes: 7 majority, 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Janurary 6th, 1964
Questions: Did Alabama's libel law unconstitutionally infringe on the First Amendment's freedom of speech and freedom of press protections?
Decision: The Court agreed with the New York Times. The Court said it is not enough to show that it is false for the press to be liable for libel. Instead, the target of the statement must show that it was made with knowledge of or reckless disregard for its falsity.
Votes: 9 majority, 0 minority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: July 7, 1986
Question: Can a school limit a students free speech based on sexual innuendos?
Decision: A school has the right to suspend a student who has violated the schools code of conduct, even if it invovles a constitutional right, like free speech.
Votes: 7 majority 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1989
Questions: Whether flag burning constitutes "symbolic speech" protected by the First Amendment?
Decision: That flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment.
Votes: 5 majority, 4 minority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1997
Questions: Did Washington's ban on physician assisted-suicide violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause by denying competent terminally ill adults the liberty to choose death over life?
Decision: They assert a liberty interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause which extends to a personal choice by a mentally competent, terminally ill adult to commit physician assisted suicide.
Votes: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: June 17, 1963
Question: Did a law in Pennsylvania requiring the bible to be read at the beginning of each school day violate the constitutional right of religious freedom?
Decision: The goverment condoning or forcing anyone to read or recite any religous prayers is unconstitutional and violates the first ammenment.
Vote: 8 majority, 1 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Janurary 19, 2011
Question: May corporations assert personal privacy interests to prevent the government from releasing documents about them?
Decision: The court held that corporations do not have a right of personal privacy that would protect them from the disclosure of public records that have been handed over to federal agencies.
Votes: 8 majority, 0 minority
Kagan took no part in the decision.

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1971
Questions: Does the Constitution embrace a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion?
Decision: The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.
Votes: 7 majority, 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: January 19, 2011
Questions: Does the government violate a federal contract employee's constitutional right to ask private questions if they have any reason to believe she is unsuited to work in a federal facility?
Decision: No, NASA nor the government have the right to violate employee's right.
Vote: 8 majority, 1 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Jun 19, 2000
Question: Does student lead, student initited prayer at football games violate the first ammdment?
Decision: The student lead prayer violates the first ammenmment because it is done over a government funded speaker in a government funded school. The prayer should be a private speech not public.
Vote: 6 majority 3 minority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Apr 3, 1962
Question: Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the "establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment?
Decision: The state cannot hold prayers in public schools, even if participation is not required and the prayer is not tied to a particular religion.
Vote: 6 majority, 1 minority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1919
Questions: Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his First Amendment right to freedom of speech?
Decision: Articulating for the first time the “clear and present danger test,” Holmes concluded that the First Amendment does not protect speech that approaches creating a clear and present danger of a significant evil that Congress has power to prevent.
Votes: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Privacy has changed a little since technology has evolved.

# data[].attributes.body
Date: May 17, 1954
Question: Does the banning of African Americans in certain schools break the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Decision: The seperation of races in schools is never equal therefore it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Vote: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: March 6, 1857
Question: Can a slave imported to a free state be a citizen?
Decision: Because Dred Scott came to America as a slave and because he is black he is not a citizen, even if he lives in a state where slavery is illegal. Therefore he has no legal standing to bring this case to the supreme court.
Votes: 7 majority, 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Jun 13, 1966
Question: Does the Fifth Amendment’s protection against self-incrimination extend to the police interrogation of a suspect?
Decision: The Fifth Amendment requires that law enforcement officials advise suspects of their right to remain silent and to obtain an attorney during interrogations while in police custody. The Miranda laws come from.
Votes: 5 majority, 4 minority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: December 12, 2000
Questions: Do standard less manual recounts violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Constitution?
Decision: They agreed that they violated the Equal Protection Clause but, they dissented with respect to the remedy, believing that a constitutional recount could be fashioned
Vote: 7 majority, 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1896
Questions: Does the Separate Car Act violate the Fourteenth Amendment?
Decision: Segregation did not in itself constitute unlawful discrimination.
Votes: 7 majority, 1 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Jan 13, 1993
Question: Is Nixon's claim -- that Senate Rule XI violates the Impeachment Trial Clause -- justiciable, i.e., appropriate for judicial resolution?
Decision: The clause laid out specific regulations that were to be followed and as long as those guidelines were observed the courts would not rule upon the validity of other Senate procedures regarding impeachments.
Vote: Unanimus decision

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1969
Questions: Does a prohibition against the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of symbolic protest, violate the students' freedom of speech protections guaranteed by the First Amendment?
Decision: The Supreme Court held that the armbands represented pure speech that is entirely separate from the actions or conduct of those participating in it.
Votes: 7 majority, 2 dissenting

# data[].attributes.headline
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

# data[].attributes.subject
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1935
Questions: Did Congress unconstitutionally delegate legislative power to the President by giving him power to regulate certain industries without also providing guiding standards?
Decision: The President cannot be allowed to have unbridled control to make whatever laws he believes to be necessary to achieve a certain goal.
Votes: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: March 18, 1963
Question: Does an accused right to an attorney extend to state cases?
Decision: The law in Florida which prohibits a person accused of a state crime right to an attorney is unconstituational. It violates the Fourth Ammendment.
Vote: 9 majority, unanimous

# data[].attributes.body
Date: Jun 22, 1964
Question: Did denying Danny Escobedo a lawyer as soon as he arrived for interigation violate his fourth ammendment right to legal counsil?
Decision: Denying Escobedo an attorney during an interrigation is unconstitutional. Therefore his confession is inadmissible and cannot be used in his case.

# data[].attributes.headline
Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. United States

# data[].attributes.subject
Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. United States

# data[].attributes.body
Date: December 14, 1964
Questions: Did congress exceed its Commerce Clause powers by depriving places of public accommodation of the right to choose their own customers?
Decision: The Court held the government could enjoin the motel from discriminating on the basis of race under the Commerce Clause.
Vote: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 1919
Questions: Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his First Amendment right to freedom of speech?
Decision: Articulating for the first time the “clear and present danger test,” Holmes concluded that the First Amendment does not protect speech that approaches creating a clear and present danger of a significant evil that Congress has power to prevent.
Votes: 9 majority

# data[].attributes.body
Date: December 18, 1944

Question: Did the act making Japanese Americans and Japanese immigrants relocate unconstitutional?
Decision: The Executive Order 9066 did not violate Japanese Americans  rights because it was made purely with the thoughts of national security in mind.
Votes: 6 majority, 3 dissenting

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court has stayed consistent on making it clear that free speech and expression is all based on the constitution. They have divided the state and schools and what they can go in each.

# data[].attributes.body
In supreme court cases involving the total seperation of church and state the court has historically ruled so that the church and the state become more divided. As the years have progressed they havce become more and more liberal, making decisions that completely seperate the church and the state