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On today's digital cameras, users have the ability to choose and adjust the metering mode, or how the camera measures the brightness of the subject. ... Evaluative Metering (on Canon cameras), or Evaluative/Matrix Metering (on Nikon cameras) – This is the “default” setting on most cameras.

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On today's digital cameras, users have the ability to choose and adjust the metering mode, or how the camera measures the brightness of the subject. Metering settings work by assessing the amount of light available for a photograph, and then adjusting the exposure accordingly.

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On today's digital cameras, users have the ability to choose and adjust the metering mode, or how the camera measures the brightness of the subject. ... Partial Metering (on Canon cameras), or Spot Metering (on Nikon cameras) – This type of metering is helpful for photographing back-lit subjects.

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Metering mode. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In photography, the metering mode refers to the way in which a camera determines exposure. Cameras generally allow the user to select between spot, center-weighted average, or multi-zone metering modes.

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A gray card is a middle gray reference, typically used together with a reflective light meter, as a way to produce consistent image exposure and/or color in film and photography. A gray card is a flat object of a neutral gray color that derives from a flat reflectance spectrum.

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Macro vs. Regular Lenses. While macro lenses are often used to take photos of things close up, how they're used isn't actually what defines them. A macro lens has the ability to focus from infinity to 1:1 magnification, meaning that the size of the image in real life is the same size as it's reproduced on the sensor.

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In photography and optics, vignetting (/vɪnˈjɛtɪŋ/, UK also /vɪˈnɛt-/; French: vignette) is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. ... Vignetting is often an unintended and undesired effect caused by camera settings or lens limitations.

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High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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The basic definition of a fisheye lens is a wide angle lens that takes in a wider than normal image that is hemispherical in shape.

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Horizontal Type Tool. The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method. Click on your image and type.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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Layer masks are a fundamental tool in image manipulations. They allow you to selectively modify the opacity (transparency) of the layer they belong to. This differs from the use of the layer Opacity slider as a mask has the ability to selectively modify the opacity of different areas across a single layer.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradientfills or create your own. Note: You cannot use the Gradient tool with bitmap or indexed-color images. To fill part of the image, select the desired area.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. ... Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag. Select the Smudge tool . Choose a brush tip and options for the blending mode in the options bar.

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(Photoshop CC only) Reduce unwanted noise while keeping important edges unaffected. Sets the sharpening algorithm used to sharpen the image. Gaussian Blur is the method used by the Unsharp Mask filter.

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Using the Blur Tool to Soften Image Areas in Photoshop Elements 9. ... You can also blur portions of your image to emphasize the focal point. The Blur tool works by decreasing the contrast among adjacent pixels in the blurred area.

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The Sponge Tool saturates / desaturates image areas: In the Toolbox, select the Sponge Tool. Choose brush size and style*. Select mode (what do you want - saturate or desaturate). Set the tool's Flow (tool'sstrength).

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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Photoshop Move Tool. The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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Photoshop Clone Stamp Tool. Photoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area. Select the Clone Stamp tool , then check the settings in the options bar.

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When the patch tool is selected, it initially operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patch from or patch to. For example, you can hold down the Option/Alt key to temporarily convert the patch tool to become a polygonal lasso tool with which to draw straight line selection edges.

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image. The healing brush tool is located in the Photoshop Toolbox, on the left side.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing toolin Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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The Marquee tool is the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly“paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection tool . (If the toolisn't visible, hold down the Magic Wand tool .)Jan 22, 2018

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Polygonal Lasso Tool. Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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The Lasso tool is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border. Select the Lasso tool , and set feathering and anti-aliasing in the options bar. (See Soften the edges of selections.) To add to, subtract from, or intersect with an existing selection, click the corresponding button in the options bar.

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By Vangie Beal In graphics and image-editing programs, the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with. As you move your cursor over the image it leaves a stroke of color.

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Photoshop Paint Bucket Tool. The paint bucket toolfills an area of an image based on color similarity. ... A low tolerance means only very similar colors will be affected, a high tolerance means more pixels will be affected. The range is 0 (exact color matches only) to 255 (all colors).

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Drag along a feature in the image that you want to orient horizontally or vertically.A If you need to adjust the line, move either endpoint. The current angle is listed as the A value on the Options bar

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The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height. It is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, as in 16:9.

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Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop. The Crop tool is non-destructive, and you can choose to retain the cropped pixels to optimize the crop boundaries later.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image around its window by dragging. The tool is useful for maneuvering around an image to focus in on specific details within the picture.

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A digital zoom is what allows the camera to have a 300x zoom capability and works by cropping a portion of the image and then enlarging that section. A digital zoomgives the appearance of getting closer to an object, but it also decreases the quality of the image and often makes it more pixelated.

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Photoshop Move Tool. The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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Saturation refers to the intensity of a color. The higher the saturation of a color, the more vivid it is. The lower the saturation of a color, the closer it is to gray. Lowering the saturation of a photo can have a “muting” or calming effect, while increasing it can increase the feel of the vividness of the scene.

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A menu bar is a graphical control element which contains drop-down menus. The menu bar's purpose is to supply a common housing for window- or application-specific menus which provide access to such functions as opening files, interacting with an application, or displaying help documentation or manuals.

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1. a horizontal bar, typically located at the top of the screen below the title bar, containing drop-down menus.

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a thin board or slab on which an artist lays and mixes colors.

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1. (in a program with a graphical user interface) a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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a space in which you work

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1. a lens allowing a camera to change smoothly from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa by varying the focal length.

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The term prime has come to mean the opposite of zoom—a fixed-focal-length, or unifocal lens.[1][2][3]

While a prime lens of a given focal length is less versatile than a zoom lens, it is often of superior optical quality, wider maximum aperture, lighter weight, and smaller size. These advantages stem from having fewer moving parts, optical elements optimized for one particular focal length, and a less complicated lens formula that creates fewer optical aberration issues. Larger maximum aperture (smaller f-number) facilitates photography in lower light, and a shallower depth of field.

A normal lens or "normal prime" is a lens with a focal length about equal to the diagonal size of the film or sensor format, or that reproduces perspective that generally looks "natural" to a human observer under normal viewing conditions.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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The crop factor allows you to figure out what the field of view would be in a 35-mm film format equivalent camera based on the actual focal length you are using on a APS-C camera. It also helps you compare lenses. The crop factor is always calculated by dividing the full format size by the size of the APS sensor.

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When used with lenses designed for full frame film or digital cameras, full-frame DSLRs offer a number of advantages compared to their smaller-sensor counterparts. One advantage is that wide-angle lenses designed for full-frame 35mm retain that same wide angle of view.