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uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. The more popular APS-C sensor size found in most DSLRs and mirrorlesscameras measures 22 x 15mm. This means a full-frame sensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.Oct

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APS-C sensor size found in most DSLRs and mirrorless cameras measures 22 x 15mm. This means a full-frame sensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor

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is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoomlens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.

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a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens

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is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar.

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are essential components of your tool set. For one, palettes help you define the nature of your tools. That is, palettes help you customize how the tools in the toolbox perform.

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is a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program

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The Options Bar is where you would go to adjust settings for the currently active tool. This toolbar is context-sensitive, meaning that it changes according to which tool you have selected.

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is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop. The Crop tool is non-destructive, and you can choose to retain the cropped pixels to optimize the crop boundaries later

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1. the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

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draw a reference line to straightenthe photo. For example, draw a line along the horizon or an edge to straighten the image along it.

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Paint Bucket tool is grouped with the Gradient tool in the toolbar. If you can't find the Paint Bucket tool, click and hold the Gradient tool to access it. Specify whether to fill the selection with the foreground color or with a pattern. Specify a blending mode and opacity for the paint

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brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape

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except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges

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s one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection too

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s the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area

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can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area

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part of the healing brush set of tools. These are the go-to tools for retouching and repairing your images

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concrete is commonly used for patios, sidewalks, driveways, pool decks, and interior flooring. ... These three procedures provide stampedconcrete with a color and shape similar to the natural building material.

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move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox.

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and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print.

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and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print.

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Sponge Tool saturates / desaturates image areas: In the Toolbox, select the Sponge Tool. Choose brush size and style

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Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Toolwill lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

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enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening

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simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag. Select the Smudge tool . Choose a brush tip and options for the blending mode in the options bar.Feb 15, 2017

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creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradientfills or create your own

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in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. ... Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source

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are a fundamental tool in image manipulations. They allow you to selectively modify the opacity (transparency) of thelayer they belong to. This differs from the use of the layer Opacity slider as a mask has the ability to selectively modify the opacity of different areas across a single layer.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustmentlayers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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1. .

2. a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

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High-dynamic-range imaging is a high dynamic range technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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is common in optics andphotography, which in simple terms means darkening of image corners when compared to the center.

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Horizontal type tool and vertical type tool. The type tool allows direct on-image textediting. The only difference between the horizontal and vertical type tools is that thehorizontal type tool adds text horizontally and the vertical type tool adds textvertically.

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A gray card is a middle gray reference, typically used together with a reflective light meter, as a way to produce consistent image exposure and/or color in film and photography.

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pot metering is where the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot. This photographer, like me, is principally a landscape photographer

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Partial metering is one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness. This enables the photographer to take a correct exposure depending on the lighting conditions at hand.

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Center-weighted metering is the go-to setting for portraits, since it will ,make sure the subject is correctly exposed ("expose for the subject") without giving much weight to the background. It is more predictable than matrix metering, which means you will get more consistent results

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Matrix Metering or Evaluative Metering mode is the defaultmetering mode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.