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Some 350,000 women served in the U.S. Armed Forces in World War II, both at home and abroad. Women on the home front were critical to the war effort: Between 1940 and 1945, the era of "Rosie the Riveter," the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent, and by 1945, nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home. World War II opened the door for women to work in more types of jobs than ever before, but with the return of male soldiers at war's end, women, especially married women, were once again pressured to return to a life at home-a prospect that, for thousands of American women, had dimmed thanks to their wartime service.
WATCH: Women Combat Pilots: The Right Stuff on HISTORY Vault
Women in World War II Military

In addition to factory work and other home front jobs, approximately 350,000 women joined the Armed Services, serving at home and abroad. At the urging of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and women's groups, and impressed by the British use of women in service, General George Marshall supported the idea of introducing a women's service branch into the Army.

In May 1942, Congress instituted the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps, later upgraded to the Women's Army Corps, which had full military status. Its members, known as WACs, worked in more than 200 non-combatant jobs stateside and in every theater of the war. By 1945, there were more than 100,000 WACs and 6,000 female officers.
WATCH VIDEO: The Hidden Army of Women That Helped Defeat Hitler
In the Navy, members of Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) held the same status as naval reservists and provided support stateside. The Coast Guard and Marine Corps soon followed suit, though in smaller numbers.

One of the lesser-known roles women played in the war effort was provided by the Women's Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs. These women, each of whom had already obtained their pilot's license prior to service, became the first women to fly American military aircraft.

They ferried planes from factories to bases, transporting cargo and participating in simulation strafing and target missions, accumulating more than 60 million miles in flight distances and freeing thousands of male U.S. pilots for active duty in World War II.

Did you know? On March 10, 2010, at a ceremony in the U.S. Capitol, the WASPs received the Congressional Gold Medal, one of the highest civilian honors. More than 200 former pilots attended the event, many wearing their World War II-era uniforms.

More than 1,000 WASPs served, and 38 of them lost their lives during the war. Considered civil service employees and without official military status, these fallen WASPs were granted no military honors or benefits, and it wasn't until 1977 that the WASPs received full military status.

Rosie the Riveter

Though women had been joining the work force in greater numbers since the hardships of the Great Depression, the entry of the United States into World War II completely transformed the types of jobs open to women.

Before the war, most working women were in traditionally female fields like nursing and teaching. Post- Pearl Harbor, women worked in a variety of positions previously closed to them, though the aviation industry saw the greatest increase in female workers. More than 310,000 women worked in the U.S. aircraft industry in 1943, representing 65 percent of the industry's total workforce (compared to just 1 percent in the pre-war years).

The munitions industry also heavily recruited women workers, as represented by the U.S. government's "Rosie the Riveter" propaganda campaign. Based in small part on a real-life munitions worker, but primarily a fictitious character, the strong, bandana-clad Rosie became one of the most successful recruitment tools in American history, and the most iconic image of working women during World War II.

In movies, newspapers, posters, photographs, articles and even a Norman Rockwell-painted Saturday Evening Postcover, the Rosie the Riveter campaign stressed the patriotic need for women to enter the work force-and they did, in huge numbers. Though women were crucial to the war effort, their pay continued to lag far behind their male counterparts: Female workers rarely earned more than 50 percent of male wages.
READ MORE: The Asian American Women Who Fought to Make Their Mark in WWII
Working Conditions For Women

With many fathers abroad fighting, mothers were faced with the burden of balancing childcare and work, and absenteeism became the symptom that caused factory owners-and the United States government-to finally acknowledge the issue.

The Lanham Act of 1940 gave war-related government grants for childcare services in communities where defense production was a major industry. In 1942, Eleanor Roosevelt stepped in, encouraging her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, to pass the Community Facilities Act, which led to the creation of the first U.S. government-sponsored childcare center.

Roosevelt also urged for reforms like staggered working hours at factories to allow working mothers to go to grocery stores-stores that were often either closed or out of stock by the time women clocked out of work.

Not all women were treated equally in the workplace. Black women found that white women were not always welcoming at work-if they were even granted the same job opportunities in the first place-and were paid less than their white peers. Japanese American women fared even worse, as they were sent off to Japanese internment camps under Executive Order 9066.

Though women, as a whole, had access to more jobs than ever before, they were paid far less than men, and most found themselves pressured to relinquish jobs to the male soldiers returning home at war's end. But something had permanently shifted: World War II empowered women to seek new opportunities and fight for equal pay in the decades to come.

Photo Gallery

Sources

Women in the Work Force during World War II. National Archives.
Women in the Military - WWII: Overview. Minnesota Historical Society Library.
These 5 Heroic Women of World War II Should Be Household Names. USO.
History At a Glance: Women in World War II. The National WWII Museum.

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American Women in World War II: WACs WAVES & WASPS - HISTORY

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American women served in World War II in many roles: as pilots, nurses, civil service employees, and in many home-front jobs that were formerly denied to them.

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Def: Having negative thoughts or feelings in any situation.
An athlete who suffers an injury, and doesn't think that they'll recover so they don't even bother to attempt to get better.
The most important person in my life is me. No one's choices or actions will affect me as much as my own. I exhibit growth mindset by attempting to keep track of my actions to see what works and what doesn't work for me. I'll attempt different things at given points, like attempting different ways to finish my weekly assignment. I've tried finishing it the second I get it, doing it last minute, and pacing myself in several days. It helped find that i like working a few days before the due date so I can get some work finished, but can sleep if I'm tired.

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I think about my future many times per week. I feel curiosity to as of whom I'll become, and how I would change. Will I be successful? Will I be married? Will I be satisfied? Will I have good job? I am constantly wondering these things.
I practiced growth mindset this week by learning new ways to embellish my art using washi tape, and worked on improving the human form in my art by using references.

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Taking risks helps reach success, because by giving the risk-taker a new experience that perhaps would've never happened. If the risk succeeds, you get to reap the rewards, and if it doesn't, you can learn what you can improve on. I, myself, took a risk when I first jumped off a diving board. If I my swimming wasn't enough, I could've drowned, and if I could've swum up it would've shown that I've improved. Considering that I am alive and well, I'd say it was a success and I feel more confident in water.

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Def: having a positive outlook on life, regardless of situation.
Ex: An athlete who breaks their leg, but uses that experience to learn about their limitations rather than moping around.
I rather live boldly. If you play it safe, you'll never learn from your mistakes. If you live boldly, you wouldn't have any regrets on not doing something you wanted, because you took the chance to so it.

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I wish to have charisma as a leadership quality. As long as you've got charisma, you can get people to accomplish a lot.
To be a good leader is a member of the collective group that can represent and lead them accordingly. If a leader fails to understand the people's needs, and motivations, they have failed as a leader.
This week on "how did Valeria exercise growth Mindset:"
I'm seeing how good my Ukulele club members are at playing, so I'm seeing why they are good and how I'm lacking.

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Accepting change is important because the world is constantly changing, and if you don't adapt you'll end up lagging behind everyone else. Moving here to Texas was a major change for me, and I had to come into terms with how different everything is here.

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def: To put forth consistent effort in desire to complete a goal or action.
ex: When an artist always works to improve their works, and puts forth effort in doing so.
If I could cure anything it would be depression. It is honestly an epidemic of sorts, and so many young adults and teens suffer through it. It shouldn't be called teen angst nor treated as just a phase. It takes different remedies for different people, so having a universal cure would be nice.

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If I had 5-10 years to life would attempt to seize political power in the US, to go down in history books. If that is not possible I would write a comic book, and attempt to reach the top charts with it. I would make people invested in my story, and then I'll die leaving the story unfinished, and my fans in anguish.

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def: to attempt/ try with determination
ex: When an athlete wishes to improve, so they practice on their own time and put themselves in charge of their own growth.
If I were 100% financially secure, I would do a lot of things differently. I'd likely pursue skill workshops and attend some sort of after-school activity like dance or boxing. I'd also further my interest in art and invest in art supplies more. I'd dress way better as well (well, on the weekends at least). If I had permission, I'd use the money to travel. I wouldn't worry if I were to take a course in college that I'd realize wasn't for me.

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That one thing...
To find my art form
To find my own uniqueness
It will take some time

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Def: The process in which one's brain becomes more versatile.
ex: An individual who suffered neuro-trauma and after a rehabilitation process are capable of cognitive functions.
Three Friends:
I can help my friends boost their confidence by complimenting them on something they worked towards or something they had control over (their clothes and such).

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DEF: The will to continue through an action or given time period.
EX: When a painter starts on piece, and they continue to add details and complexity to a canvas.
When failure befalls me I feel a weird mix of guilt and shame. I overcome it thanks to my advanced sense of humor, and a little binge-watching here and there.

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If a friend of mine was struggling to create a plan for his/her future, I would tell them that it's okay to make mistakes and that the plan doesn't have to be set in stone. There are different ways to reach success, even if it wasn't what they initially wanted. They must be open-minded to new ideas and such and be capable of learning from their mistakes.
This week on: Growth Mindset
This week I learned to make my drawing more loos and fluid than before, but it is still a working progress.

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1. Moebius (french artist) inspires me, because his art is just inexplicably beautiful and so I try replicate his artistic style (the composition, themes, and such)
2. Rebecca sugar has an incredible art style to match with her storytelling, and i really try to have her fluidity (from her art) when I draw.
3. Any power ranger show will inspire me, I love the corny jokes (which is probably where I got my own), terrible dialogue , and the overall aesthetic especially for the original Japanese versions.
4. Allie X 's music inspires me, because the lyrics bear meaning and most if not all her songs are what  I like to call BOPS so they get me into the mood to draw.
5. I'm inspired by Mob psycho 100 (a TV show), because of its meaningful story and balanced writing between comedy and drama. Small aspects of my personality are based upon my interpretation of it

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DEF: The ability to think up of new and usually unique ideas and concepts. The new ideas usually build up on preexisting ones.
EX: A creative student would/could think up of ways to best organize themselves (planner, bullet journals, etc.), and since everyone has different needs it's bound to something for themselves.
To experience success is the feeling of blood rushing to your cheeks. You see yourself brighter than before and can hear your mind boasting itself for your accomplishments. You can taste and smell that victory meal from a mile away (Popeye's chicken for me).

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Short term Goal:
S:To improve my art skills, specifically working on poses and backgrounds. I will achieve this by taking art tutorials on youtube on the subject and attempting to draw from reality.
M: BY the end of each week I can draw the same piece to compare and see if I've improved
A: I've already a basic understanding of art so i know that I can improve if I put my mind to it.
R: Its what I like doing and it is pretty helpful in an academic environment at time and I get to help my mom too.
T: My goal should be reached by 5 Months max, since I already have the basics and I am working to just improve, not something completely new to me.
This week I exercised growth mindset by attempting to work with an uncooperative group yesterday, although it didn't work out.

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Teamwork is important b/c it can prevent mistakes since more than 1 person is (and should) be expressing their ideas, realizations, and such to the group. During the winter session my group and I all did different project on gun control, but before we began on our separate pieces we discussed the content together helping us get a better understanding of the subject for our projects.

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def: Success is when a goal is reached or when one feels accomplished.
ex: An office worker receiving a promotion after working diligently for months or even years.
Success is, to a person with a fixed mindset, simply completing a goal. Like a student cramming for a test and acing it, but not really absorbing the knowledge. A person with a growth mindset include that definition, but also has the sense of accomplishment as well for what was maybe not a goal. It would be like the student studying for the test and using the knowledge in the future and not just for the test.

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"Its all about the outcome. If I fail, it was wasted time and effort."
The statement above is an example of fixed Mindset, b/c seeing the inability to reach a certain outcome as a failure shows no desire to improve. To those with a growth mindset a failure is an opportunity to learn from mistakes and improve from them.

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Def: To not succeed in the completion of an action or goal.
Example: A student wanting to ace a test, but they end up  failing regardless of the effort they put in earning (or not) that A.
The brain plays into mindset b/c it can be trained to behave a certain way. Maybe you want to learn violin, so you force your brain to learn how to play, and eventually you brain will enable you to play on pure muscle memory alone if you train well long enough. The same could be said about bad habits. If you consciously begin chewing your nails, eventually your brain will make you subconsciously chew them. The brain can be trained to improve by showing it how to process information (growth mindset), but can also be trained to stunt improvement (fixed mindset).

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"I want to hide my flaws so that I am not judged, labeled, or considered a failure"
Desiring to hide ones flaws to avoid failure or judgement is by all means is a fixed mindset, for you are choosing to hide what you find wrong with yourself rather than fix it or improve it. When something is hidden it is because you want things to remain the same, rather than change be it for the better or for worse. There are no risks in hiding something, unless you are found out, furthering the fact that hiding your flaws are a fixed mindset trait.

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Fixed mindset- Unwillingness to change oneself especially in regards to improvement
ex: A boss of a company refusing to incorporate modern technology that could dramatically boost productivity b/c that's how it was done back in the day.
It is important to have a growth mindset b/c although it can be risky at times, you can greatly improve yourself and at times help others. You are open to change and if a mistake is made you can learn from it. A fixed mindset would only hinder oneself b/c it prevents one from improving. They do not see their mistakes as a way to learn, but rather just another strike of bad luck. They do not attempt new things that could prove beneficial either.

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1/11/19 Life & Goals Planning and Mindset Moment

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1/11/19 Life & Goals Planning and Mindset Moment

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After High school I'd like to go to college for the required years for my career of choice whilst partaking in a part-time job for extra cash b/c you can't always be too sure. If they have trips to foreign countries available, I'd definitely partake in them (unless i'm too broke). Once I graduate and have a stable career, marriage is a probability, but not an expectation. I plan on getting a big dog (like Chow Chow big) as well when I'm making a good amount of cash to support them.
What have I done to exercise Growth Mindset this week?
- I've been practicing a new art style with a new coloring technique to better my art

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Left Brain- Analytical, critical thinking, logic, objective, & comprehension
Right Brain- Creative & the arts
I myself like to see myself a critical thinker, pretty creative, and have a connection to the arts. I consider myself a critical thinker, because I got into the habit of reading into things (specifically school things. Creative because I

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Growth Mindset def: The choice of working on bettering oneself usually by making clear goals, choices, & plans to reach said improvement.
- belief of intelligence and its ability to improve or learn new things
ex: A teen learning to manage their personal time and Homework time at home.
My strengths:
1. Can decently draw
2. independent *- helps because I need to make my own choice for my life as an adult and even right now. People aren't always going to tell me what to do especially when I get a job.
3. okay at sculpting
4. okay at painting
5. critical-thinking (i like to believe)
6. Math
7. open-minded*- I can change which means I can improve myself in my daily life and career of choice.
8. Responsible*- I admit it when I am at fault and keep in check what I have to do

9. Dad Jokes
10. creative