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Native American raids were an issue in Texas during the 1800s

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Native American raids were an issue in Texas during the 1800s

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Buffalo soldier - an African American soldier serving in the United States after the Civil War.

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African American soldiers were not treated fairly but had a major roll in shutting down Native American raids. Many of them even received medals for their conduct.

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Victorio is an Apache leader who made the decision to leave reservations and raid Anglo settlements because of terrible conditions on reservations. Buffalo soldiers ended the raids in 1880.

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Another threat to Texas was Outlaws from the Civil War. They robbed people, stole land, and stole cattle. The Texas Rangers were sent into the area to fight the Outlaws but were considered cruel in their actions.

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Population in Texas during the 1800s saw a dramatic increase in Anglo Americans while the Native Americans decreased drastically.

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Washington D.C. did not believe all the Indian raids were as bad as they were so they assigned William T. Sherman to investigate.

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Warren Wagon train raid
As Sherman was coming to the Plains, native Americans attacked a wagon owned by Henry Warren so it became known as the Warren Wagon train raid. Native Americans captured many mules and supplies.

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Satanta
Kiowa leader who helped the native Americans in the warren wagon raid.

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Big Tree and Satanta were Kiowa leaders who were arrested in the  raids. They were sentenced to life in prison but were later released when the raids started ending.

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Colonel Ronald  Makenzie led a force to drive Native Americans out of the plains.

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1870s Anglo American hunters were slaughtering the buffalo that the native Americans needed to continue their way of life.

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Some sympathizers of the Native Americans tried to pass legislation to stop the slaughter of Buffalo but it was viewed as an important tactic to subdue Native Americans.

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Quanah Parker led an attack on a small group of buffalo hunters. A shaman predicted that they would be successful but because they hunters were armed with rifles they lost.

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Palo Duro Canyon
Col. Makenzie led an attack into the canyons to destroy Native American supplies making them move to reservations.

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Native Americans and Anglos met in Kansas to come to an agreement.
• In the treaty, Native Americans will stop opposing railroads, give up land claims in the plains, and move to reservations.
• The treaty was not very successful because neither side was committed to making it work.

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• Ulysses S. Grant - The U.S. President
• Lawrie Tatum - a Quaker who was assigned to the Kiowa and Comanche territory
• Quanah Parker - a Native American who is the son of a Comanche chief and an Anglo American Woman
• Lone Wolf - a Kiowa leader who did not follow the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek
• Kicking Bird - a Kiowa leader who followed the treaty and didn't believe in warfare.