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AD 1200-1502

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Rise: Foreced to more to a diffrent region due to hardships with other empires. Had to move to a new place and start their empire from scratch.
Downfall: The Aztecs hosted Spanish conquistadors who tried to owerthrow them. Rebellions came from neighboring city-states. The Empire feel to the Spanish conquest.

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Flooding: Water from Lake Texcoco floods the Aztec island  creating problums for living condtions and food sourses.

Moving Materials: Sience the Aztecs lived on the island, they had trouble transfering materials plce to place over the water. Boats were unable to carry the heaving material over to civilization.

Freshwater: The Aztecs had trouble geting fresh water for ccoking and drinking.

Limited Space for Farming: Space for farming was limited on the small island. Their was not enough food being produced for the aztes so they had to think of another way to produce more food.

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South America in the middle of lake Texcoco. The island is called Tenochtitlan.

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The Aztecs used Heiroglphs to keep there records. Heiroglphys was adapted for egypt and are picture that repersent words.

The Aztec spoke Nahuatl to communicate with eachother.

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Aztec Priest: Would sacrafice others to the goods as part on his role.

Farmers: Growed and harvested crops for the community to eat.

Architects: Build pyramids fro a place of worship on the island.

Emperors: Rulled over the land and was the full ruller.

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Aquducts: The Aztec created aquducts to bring fresh water for the community onto the island. The aquducts ran over three miles.

Bridge: The aztec has to create a stone bridge on top of the lake. Long  stick were placed on the groung for structure.

Dike: The Aztecs created a structure that allowed water to be stoped. The Dike was made of wood and had a door that open and closed to control flooding.

Chinampas: The Aztec created more land for crops to grow on man-made floating islands. This resolved the conflict for more crops.

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Aztec Goverment: is Triple Alliance. The Triple Alliance is a alliance between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. The Nobles had control over the society.

Aztec Religion: Polytheism with the gods Queetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtili. Human sacrifice is central to the religion. Empiror has to sacrifice blood daily and the conquered people are sacreficed to the gods.

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The Mayans created canals and cisterns to help them transport water because they had limited water sources.

The Mayans built pyramids which were often used for religious rituals.

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Architects-built pyramids and other buildings.

Emperors-Rules of the Mayan Empire and city states.

Priests-leaders of the religious rituals

Farmers-grew and harvested crops such as maize, squash, and beans.

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The Mayans used glyphs as their form of writing. Glyphs are symbolic pictures used in writing systems.

The Mayans wrote glyphs on codex(bark-paper book)and used them for record keeping.

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Yucatan Peninsula

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The Mayans did not have many rivers/rainfall and the weather was unpredictable which caused them to have limited water sources.

The Mayans had to adapt to the high temperatures which limited the crops they could grow.

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Rise: The Mayans reached their height of achievements during their Golden Age in the Mayan Classical Period.

Decline: The Mayan civilization suddenly vanished around the 700s.

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Cuzco : the capital and birthplace of the Inca Empire, located on the Andes Mountains in Modern-Day Peru

Machu Picchu : Also located in the Andes Mountains, 80 miles Northwest of Cuzco

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Sapa Inca was the emperor of the Inca Empire. It was a theocratic government, and the Sapa Inca was seen as a God.

The Sapa elected Royal Governors over each province. Each province had Curacs, who were responsible for 100-100,000 households.

They spoke Quechua, which is the Inca Language still spoken today

Women were very dedicated Priestesses as a part of Inca Religion. There is a large "Temple of the Sun" located in Cuzco. They all worshiped the sun.

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-AD 250-1500s

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The Inca's built a series of road systems. These were used to help the government consolidate and maintain power in their empire.

They used Terrace Farming to create micro climates to harvest crops within the various temperatures. They dug three meter high stairs in a circular pattern with crops growing on each level.

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1. Tikal-a city state located in the rain forest of Northern Guatemala.
2. Copan-a city state located in modern day Honduras.

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Mayan Religion:

-The Mayans believed in giving sacrifices to the gods.
-The Mayans created advanced religious calendars.
-Chichen Itza was a city that had large religious temples.
-The Mayans believed in nature gods including the sun, moon, and rain god.
-The Mayans created a ball game which involved human sacrifice. Researchers are still unsure if the winning or losing team was sacrificed.

Mayan Government:

-The Mayans created a hierarchy government that was ruled by kings and priests.
-Different independent city-states made up the Mayan Empire.

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The Inca Government organized workers in two ways.

1. Ayllu: organizational system that broke people into groups

2. Mita: labor tribute paid to the government

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They Incas used a Quipu. This was used to give the Emperor information about hat was happening in each Province. Leaders tied knots in the Quipu, which could be used to subtract, add, and multiply.

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South America along the Andes Mountain Range (West Coast)

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Due to their unique geography, landslides, runoffs, and earthquakes were common.

It was difficult to communicate with other civilizations.

They had very harsh climates with a wide variation of temperatures.

Unpredictable weather

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1. Teotihuacan: city-state located in North America on a lake and around.

2. Texcoco: located near lake Texcoco that played a majoir part in the Aztec time period.

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Rise

The Inca Ruler Pachacuti and his army began conquering lands surrounding the city of Cuzco.

Downfall

The Inca Empire was under the rule of Huayna Capac. He was a very strong leader, but war broke out after his death in 1525.

Atahualpa fought with his brother to seize the throne. The empire was torn apart, and conquered by Spain in 1532.

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1438-1533