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Laura Bakker
lrbakker@landstede.nl

Wat heb je nodig?
- laptop
- lader van laptop
- oortjes/koptelefoon
- papier en pen

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Vragen rondje      +- 15 min
- Wie ben ik?
- Wat heb je al aan Engels lessen gehad?
- Wat verwacht je zelf?

Uitleg van het vak Engels:  +- 15 min
- herhaling
- vaktaal
- website
- vragen

Opdracht bekijken:    +- 15  min
Introduce yourself

The End.

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Who are you?

Voorbeeld van de docent  +- 5 min

Tijd om voor te bereiden  +- 10 min

Rondje door de groep  +-  15 min

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De oefen opdracht

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practise practise practise

https://padlet.com/laura_bakker/Englishexamclass

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Top 10 Qualities of a Great Auto Mechanic | AutomotiveSchools.com

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A mechanic can be a car owner's best friend or worst nightmare. When car problems arise, people depend heavily on their mechanic to diagnose and repair the issue in as little time as possible. They exp

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English reading skills practice | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Practise your reading skills with our activities, online exercises and worksheets.

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Goal:
We will practise reading.

15 min      We read together
15 min       You read individually

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click on the picture

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Top 10 Qualities of a Great Auto Mechanic | AutomotiveSchools.com

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A mechanic can be a car owner's best friend or worst nightmare. When car problems arise, people depend heavily on their mechanic to diagnose and repair the issue in as little time as possible. They exp

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practise level

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English reading skills practice | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Practise your reading skills with our activities, online exercises and worksheets.

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- starting the pen project     10 min
-

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- starting the pen project     10 min
- do: stap 1 and 2 20 min

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- Finish The pen project on paper
- Done? Check out the document below.

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-  Finish penproject on paper and email to: lrbakker@landstede.nl

- Finished, or need extra help?  Check out the document below.

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- listening practise
- vocabulary practise

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A man tries to get his car fixed at a repair shop.

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Listening exercise

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The Smallest Car in the World at the BBC - Top Gear - BBC

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Jeremy drives the Peel P50, the world's smallest production car to work at the BBC and meets a few famous faces along the way. Subscribe for more awesome Top Gear videos: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=Topgear Top Gear YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/topgear TopGear.com website: http://www.topgear.com Top Gear Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/topgear Top Gear Twitter: http://twitter.com/BBC_topgear This is a channel from BBC Worldwide who help fund new BBC programmes.

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English reading skills practice | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Practise your reading skills with our activities, online exercises and worksheets.

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Read the exercise     10 min
Do the exercise         20 min

Deze week inleveren

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Linguee | Dictionary for German, French, Spanish, and more

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English Dictionary and Translation Search with 1,000,000,000 example sentences from human translators. Languages: English, German, French, Spanish, and Portuguese

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-30 min Toets inhalen OF
-30 min zelf werken aan schrijf vaardigheid.
-15 min toets bespreken.

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Practise and improve your writing skills for your school studies and your English exams. There are activities for different levels, so find your level and make a start.

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Phrasal verbs are very common in spoken English. In this section you can watch our Fast Phrasal comic-strip videos and do the exercises to learn and practise how to use phrasal verbs correctly.

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Improve your English grammar and vocabulary | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Phrasal verbs are very common in spoken English. In this section you can watch our Fast Phrasal comic-strip videos and do the exercises to learn and practise how to use phrasal verbs correctly.

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Beginning Sentence Correction 2 - Answers

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Beginning Sentence Correction 3 - Answers

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Intermediate Sentence Correction 1 - answers

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The cars of the future

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Car companies have recently been telling us what the car of 2020 will be like: autonomous is one word used, electric is another, and it will be connected to the internet too. Sound exciting? It is, but it's doubtful you'll find all of this on the forecourt in the next seven years (cars typically get completely redesigned every five to seven years). However, the directions being proposed are a very good starting point to look even further and ask the question: what might the car of 2050 look like?

For a start, will there even be cars in 2050? Will an invention that will be 150 years old by then be replaced by something better? Will environmental concerns kill it? Will people become tired of getting behind the wheel, as recent studies suggest? The answer seems to be "maybe", but the reality is that the automobile is a very liberating and flexible means of transportation. It fulfills people's desire to move around freely and independently. And - done right - the automobile can be a sustainable and safe means of transportation.

But we must also acknowledge this form of mobility comes at a premium, as polar ice melts, megacities become suffocated by smog and congestion, resources dwindle, and around 1.2 million people get killed in traffic accidents globally every year. We know why: we want to be mobile, and our mobility has some negative implications.

So what can - actually, must - we do in order to make the automobile of the year 2050 cleaner, safer, leaner and still enjoyable to use? This is a crucial question: mass-motorisation in emerging countries means there will be more than three billion vehicles on the planet in 2050, compared with around one billion today.
Hands-free driving
The automobile in 2050 will be self-driving. Companies are working on concepts allowing cars to cruise along on the highway without driver intervention, many of which are likely to be seen on our roads.

There is the Super Cruise from General Motors, which controls the vehicle on long highway stretches when not much is happening. Then there is the Traffic Jam Assistant from BMW; cars move along in a congested traffic area just like a school of fish. Or there's Road Train from the European Satre project which includes Volvo, where one vehicle with a professional driver leads a platoon of other vehicles, connected virtually and following like pearls on a string along the highway - turning the commute into possibly more productive time as the drivers can now work or rest. And when the car makes it to its destination, it can park itself in a high-tech parking structure, just as Audi has demonstrated.

Will the driver need to do anything at all? Will there still be a steering wheel? Cars will probably require that drivers monitor what the vehicle does and switch from one mode to another - such as highway driving to city driving. There will probably still be a steering wheel, but some models could have a little joystick that the driver only uses rarely.

Driving is likely to get much safer (human error still accounts for the majority of all accidents) and also much more efficient, as centralised traffic control will lead to a smoother flow and less congestion. But how much of an effect this new technology has will depend on how widely it is rolled out.

The changes might not stop there. We may also have some other kinds of automobiles, which are small, highly efficient mobility pods similar to the GM EN-V concept or autonomous vehicles like the Induct Navia. These will be urban, flexible solutions to move people around.

In many metro areas, a well-organised public transportation system will be the most effective way to move large numbers of people. However, some commuters might not want to take it, either because of network problems, schedules or safety concerns. Publicly organised on-demand transportation systems that can accommodate up to six people will bring travellers automatically to their destination in downtown areas, and then move on to serve others. Customers will simply enter their destination and payment information - think of it as a totally automated taxi system.
Digital frontier
Personal mobility will become more of a service, one that companies such as Google have recognised. The search and computing giant has become strongly involved in creating automated vehicles. And some think the car needs to serve us in other ways, whether we drive it or it drives itself. Many car companies are already working with Apple to integrate Siri into automobiles, creating virtual personal assistants in the car to help us with routes, traffic information, and the scheduling of our day. Our vehicles will be fully integrated into the digital lifestyle of 2050 - whatever that turns out to be.

It is hard to imagine what the world of Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and Google will be like in 30 years time, but we can assume that everything that has a digital representation will be available in our cars. The automobile seems to be the final frontier for the digital lifestyle - some people want to be disconnected while driving - but in decades to come it will be completely connected and - hopefully - safe to use.

But what will actually drive these cars? Electricity? Hydrogen? Or will it still guzzle petrol and diesel? At first glance, one might think the good-old internal combustion engine is on its way out. However, its demise may not be quite so quick. In general, the daily commute will be in an electric vehicle with no combustion engine. The electricity grid is likely to include a much higher percentage of renewable energy by then, so everyday driving will be cleaner as well. But what about longer trips? Batteries might allow a 500-mile range, but they might be heavy and expensive, and recharging them might take time.

So, the ultimate solution for long-distance car travel might still be a combustion engine. Research is underway by institutions and car companies across the world to further improve efficiency and cut emissions. In 2050 a small, turbo-charged, rotary engine might serve as a range extender - used only a few days a year, but good to have on board. Another range extender might be wireless power transfer to the vehicle as it moves along the highway.

An alternative is hydrogen-powered vehicles, converting hydrogen into electricity in a fuel cell. This would result in a smooth electric drive and only water vapour coming out the tailpipe. While fuel-cell technology has already come a long way ( Daimler and Toyota are at the forefront of this evolution), there are still challenges to overcome, such as where to get the hydrogen from. It is unclear if there will be an answer by 2050.
Morphing motors
People value flexibility; just as they have come to expect it from their smartphones and laptops, so will they want it from their car? As mobile technology has allowed us to make decisions on everything in an instant and away from home, we will want those same freedoms in our cars.

The commuter of the future may have a "personal mobility portfolio", with the car being only one part of it. An automobile might be there to drive for pleasure on the weekend (the affection for the car will probably not go away completely). As mobile internet becomes ever-more powerful it will be totally normal and convenient to step out on the street and make an immediate decision. You could hail a self-driving shared vehicle. You could jump into the car of a social-media friend, who just happens to be driving by and going in the same direction. Or you will take public transportation if is the best option. The car will be totally integrated into a greater mobility network.

We are already seeing beyond existing car-sharing schemes, such as ZipCar, where people can book cars for the hours in which they actaully need them. There will be a network of different options to integrate services in places such as airports, all of them combined in one app on our 2050 communication device. We basically tell the app where we want to go and, based on our preferences, three different optimised transportation modes will be offered, similar to the three different routes that a GPS navigation system offers us today.

There's one more question to ask: what will the 2050 car look like? Will we still be able to recognise it? It might still have a steering wheel, maybe just a joystick. It is safe to assume that it will still have four seats and wheels and might still resemble a metal box. But that's where the similarities may end.

Carbon fibre or other lightweight material might replace steel. The design will be a mix of efficient contours (low aerodynamic drag) and emotional styling. And maybe there will be some sort of morphing shape. MIT has looked into some very promising vehicle concepts that allow for small footprint in the city and a more safety and dynamic configuration for the open road.

The car of 2050 might be relatively easy to recognise, which might not be true for the phone or computer. This is because a car is a car is a car - it is supposed to transport people and goods and as long as people continue to be as tall as they are cars won't look too much different. But the personal automobile as we know it will have much competition: from remote-controlled, on-demand pod and personalised public transportation. And in our livable cities, good old-fashioned walking and cycling, too.
If you would like to comment on this article or anything else you have seen on Future, head over to our Facebook page or message us on .

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The cars we'll be driving in the world of 2050

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Car companies have recently been telling us what the car of 2020 will be like: autonomous is one word used, electric is another, and it will be connected to the internet too. Sound exciting? It is, but it's doubtful you'll find all of this on the forecourt in the next seven years (cars typically get completely redesigned every five to seven years).

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25 min reading
25 min listening

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Practise your reading, writing, listening and speaking skills at your level.

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Traditionally, diesel engines have always been seen as noisy, smelly and underpowered engines of little use other than in trucks, taxis and vans. But as diesel engines and their injection system controls have become more refined, the 1980s have seen that situation change. In the UK in 1985 there were almost 65,000 diesel cars sold (about 3.5 per cent of the total number of cars sold), compared with only 5380 in 1980. Read more

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Traditionally, diesel engines have always been seen as noisy, smelly and underpowered engines of little use other than in trucks, taxis and vans. But as diesel engines and their injection system controls have become more refined, the 1980s have seen that situation change.

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Gasoline is essential as fuel for different modes of transportation. However, like any other liquid, it freezes eventually in certain temperatures. To avoid mechanical issues just because of frozen fuel, at what temperature does gasoline freeze?

What Is the Composition of Gasoline?

We can understand better the exact answer to the question "At what temperature does gasoline freeze?" by identifying the elements that compose gasoline.

First off, gasoline is not a plain substance. It is not pure at all. Instead, it is a mixture of various hydrocarbons and additives - hundreds in quantity. Common ones are ethanol, toluene, octane, hexane, and heptane. On the other hand, optional ones are butane and pentane depending on a certain area's winter climate. Most chemicals mentioned can have several structural forms called isomers. That leads to the fact that all things forming gasoline have their own melting point. Obviously, they also have different freezing points.

At What Temperature Does Gasoline Freeze?

You might have thought about the answer already based on the fact that gasoline is a mixture. At what temperature does gasoline freeze again? None exactly. Gasoline does not have the so-called freezing point. The same idea goes for candle wax and diesel. Rather, gasoline has a freezing range.

While the temperature is descending, gasoline is changing gradually. The first part is little bits of sediments and gums coming out of the liquid. Next, when it gets extremely cold, the heaviest hydrocarbon molecules like cyclo-heptane and iso-nonane slowly solidify. They would look waxy. Now, when the temperature gets more and more intolerable, gasoline becomes much waxier and slushier until the remaining liquid elements are the lightest molecules.

Meanwhile, some sediments form due to impurities in the gas tank. Cold temperature just makes them even more solid. Fortunately, the filter located in the fuel line can actually catch these sediments. Things get worse only if gasoline becomes extremely waxy. In this stage, we are talking -40 to -200 degrees Fahrenheit. The range is wide since gasoline has various types of mixtures and blends. Another factor is the source of gasoline's crude oil.

Since refineries can actually tweak a particular mixture of gasoline, they can provide special blends for areas with an extremely cold climate. They can make gasoline have a lower freezing range. An example is ethanol gas.

What Are the Symptoms of a Frozen Fuel Line?

It is impossible to talk about the symptoms of frozen gasoline. Long before gasoline ever freezes inside the car, the first elements to get frozen are water and water vapor. So, let's talk about the signs of a frozen fuel line instead. After all, the point of asking "At what temperature does gasoline freeze?" is to prevent extreme winter issues car owners may face.

When both water and water vapor freezes inside the automobile, they block gas in the fuel line from entering the engine. To find out if gasoline is already blocked by frozen water, here are symptoms to watch out for:

Constant Stopping or Sputtering During Movement

Some people find the need to drive their car even if the outdoor temperature gets unbearably cold. The bad news is that no matter how the car generates heat while you are driving, the gas tank can still freeze. You would definitely know if the tank is already malfunctioning due to cold. The car would start to stall or sputter. Actually, even if the tank is still okay, a frozen gas line can still provide this symptom.

Failure to Start

You should not worry too much if the engine does not start. As long as it can still turn over, just wait until the temperature gets warm enough. With patience, your car can work normally even if it is freezing outside. As you can see, you must not wait until gasoline freezes inside the car. Simply take care of your car frequently during winter.

Failure to Turn Over

While the fuel line is still freezing - not totally frozen yet - the engine can still turn over even though it cannot start anymore. You would know if the fuel line is already at its worst if the engine completely fails to turn over. Don't worry; there are ways on how to fix a frozen fuel line.

How Can We Fix a Frozen Fuel Line?

When push comes to shove, here are practical solutions in thawing a frozen fuel line:

Push your car into an enclosed area.

In the first place, as soon as you hear winter is coming, make sure that your vehicle is in a safe place. It is purely a bad idea to leave your car in the open during winter. In a worst-case scenario such as leaving your car in the front yard overnight until snow falls, the initial step you need to do is to push your car towards the garage. However, make sure that you prepared the area. The garage must be dry and warm to successfully thaw the frozen fuel line. Waiting will take hours, but the whole idea is effective. To speed up waiting time, turn on kerosene or electric heaters inside the garage, specifically facing the car. This makes the thawing process faster to one hour only. Be careful though; cars are really flammable so put a big space between the heat source and the automobile.

In case you would experience a difficult time getting your car out of the snow, check out how to make the first attempt and proceed to plan B if necessary.

Put antifreeze additives in the tank.

No matter what season it is, go to an automobile parts store and purchase antifreeze additives. These treatments are very useful during winter, so always remember to have one in your garage. It is recommended to put two to three bottles of antifreeze treatments into the tank. You still have to wait for a few hours to let the antifreeze completely mix with the fuel, but it really works. You can also make the waiting time faster. Just rock the car back and forth to make the antifreeze blend with the gasoline quickly.

How Can We Prevent a Frozen Fuel Line?

To avoid all the hassle of thawing a frozen fuel line, prevention is key. Here are some tips on how to keep the fuel line from freezing aside from keeping the car inside your garage:

Keep the tank full.

This lessens moisture in the system. Water vapor is the main culprit for freezing fuel lines after all. Condensation produces water, and we all know that water freezes in cold temperature.

Add antifreeze treatment.

Antifreeze is both a solution and a prevention factor when it comes to frozen fuel lines. Just make sure to follow the product's instructions.

Summary

For the last time, at what temperature does gasoline freeze? The exact answer is none. Gasoline is composed of various elements with different freezing points. So, basically, it does not have a freezing point. Rather, it has a range of temperatures that gradually change the fuel's original liquid form. Based on various types of gasoline mixtures and blends, the usual range is -40 to -200 degrees Fahrenheit. Gasoline is already considered frozen if it turns into a thick sludge or wax. To totally avoid frozen gasoline inside the car, focus on preventing the fuel line from freezing during winter. When you take good care of the fuel line, prevention of frozen gasoline follows.

For other concerns involving gasoline, learn why some cars smell like gas when parked. On a positive note, find out essential habits that help you save gas.

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At What Temperature Does Gasoline Freeze? - Global Cars Brands

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Gasoline is essential as fuel for different modes of transportation. However, like any other liquid, it freezes eventually in certain temperatures. To avoid mechanical issues just because of frozen fuel, at what temperature does gasoline freeze? We can understand better the exact answer to the question "At what temperature does gasoline freeze?"

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Goal of this lesson:
Understanding an English website.

5 min
intro to the website

35 min
Read and listen to the content on the website.
Look up the words you don't understand

10 min
class talk

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Autotechnics: Award winning VW, Audi, Skoda & Seat specialists in Gillingham & Dorset

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Used cars for sale in Gillingham & Dorset: Autotechnics: Competitive finance deals, part exchanges welcome, call now!

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Answer the questions after reading and listening.

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Questions to ask yourself after reading the text

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Goal of this lesson:
Practise recognising signal words in a text.
5 min  intro to the lesson

20  min    practise the words
A1/A2
1,2
A2 +
3,

20 min    practise in a text
- what signal words do you recognize?
- what do the signal words mean?
Use link 4.
Choose your level==> A1, A2, B1+

5 min summary of the lesson

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oefenen

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Engels - Signaalwoorden Flashcards | Quizlet

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Klas 5 Learn with flashcards, games, and more - for free.

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oefenen

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Engels signaalwoorden - Uitbreiding/opsomming Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Engels signaalwoorden - Uitbreiding/opsomming. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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oefenen

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26 februari 2018 | Writer: Anneke Drijver

Krijg jij weinig respons op een Engelse tekst? Worden je producten met Engelse productomschrijvingen veel minder goed verkocht dan dezelfde producten op een Nederlandse site met een Nederlandse productomschrijving? Of gebeurt het je regelmatig dat je Engelse tekst verkeerd begrepen wordt?

Dat kan zomaar liggen aan de leesbaarheid van je tekst. Een tekst moet logisch zijn. Bij te lange zinnen of kromme zinnen, haken mensen al snel af. Een handige manier om een tekst duidelijker en leesbaarder te maken is door het gebruik van Engelse verbindingswoorden en signaalwoorden.

Deze woorden geven de logica in een tekst weer: zij verbinden zinnen en geven tegenstellingen en overeenkomsten aan. Oftewel: door middel van Engelse verbindings- en signaalwoorden wordt je tekst één geheel. Het is dus belangrijk om deze woorden te gebruiken, maar het is ook belangrijk om ze goed te gebruiken. Als de verbindingswoorden niet kloppen, kloppen de verbanden in een tekst ook niet en zal je lezer een tekst niet begrijpen.

De meest voorkomende Engelse verbindingswoorden zijn 'and', 'or' en 'but', maar er zijn er nog veel meer. Allereerst zijn er de 7 coördinerende Engelse verbindingswoorden, bedoeld om 2 onafhankelijke zinnen te verbinden. Deze woorden zijn te onthouden door het acroniem fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet en s o.

Alle Engelse verbindingswoorden die er zijn, zijn onder te verdelen in vier verschillende functies:

1. Extra informatie geven

In het Nederlands gebruiken we hiervoor woorden als daarnaast, ook en bovendien. Deze woorden kun je bijvoorbeeld gebruiken in een betoog als je een opsomming geeft van argumenten of gebeurtenissen. Voorbeelden zijn:

additionally / besides(daarnaast)
also / as well (ook)
and (en)
as / such as / like (zoals)
as a matter of fact (in feite)
especially (vooral, met name)
in other words (met andere woorden)
for example (bijvoorbeeld)
further (verder/daarnaast)
moreover / furthermore (bovendien)
namely (namelijk)
not only... but also ... (niet alleen ..., maar ook ...
or (of)
particularly (in het bijzonder)
regarding / concerning (betreffende)
similarly (evenzo)
thus (dus)

2. Aangeven dat er een tegenstelling aankomt

Ook als je wilt aangeven dat er een tegenstelling aankomt zijn er verschillende Engelse verbindingswoorden die je hiervoor kunt gebruiken. Een aantal voorbeelden zijn:

but (maar)
despite / in spite of (ondanks)
however (maar, echter, toch)
instead (in plaats van)
nevertheless (toch)
on the other hand (aan de andere kant, anderzijds)
regardless of (ongeacht)
though / although (hoewel)
whereas (terwijl)
while (terwijl)

3. Oorzaak en gevolg weergeven

Als je 2 situaties naast elkaar wilt leggen, bijvoorbeeld in een oorzaak-gevolgrelatie, zijn dit een paar voorbeelden van woorden die handig zijn om te gebruiken:

as (aangezien)
as a result of (als gevolg van)
because / because of (omdat)
consequently (als gevolg)
due to (vanwege)
even if (zelfs als)
for this reason (om deze reden)
hence (vandaar)
if (als)
in order to (om)
on condition that / providing that (op voorwaarde dat)
only if (alleen als)
since (aangezien)
so that (waardoor)
therefore (daarom)
thus / in consequence (zodoende)

4. Introduceren of samenvatten

Introduceren en samenvatten komt maar al te vaak voor: bijvoorbeeld in vergaderingen en opsommingen, maar ook in argumentaties. Een aantal woorden die je hiervoor kunt gebruiken zijn:
Denk jij bewust na over het gebruik van Engelse verbindingswoorden in je Engelse teksten? Ik ben benieuwd! Vergeet niet een reactie achter te laten.
anyhow / anyway (hoe dan ook)
afterwards (daarna)
eventually / finally (uiteindelijk)
first of all (allereerst)
given these points (op basis van deze punten)
in summary (samenvattend)
in the first / second/ third place (in de eerste/tweede/derde plaats)
initially (aanvankelijk)
last but not least (laatst, maar niet het minste)
lastly (ten slotte)
next (vervolgens)
previously (eerder)
subsequently (vervolgens)
to conclude with / as a final point (ter afsluiting)
to start with / to begin with (om mee te beginnen)
to sum up / to summarize (samenvattend)

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Let's connect! Engelse verbindingswoorden - Improve Your Business English

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Engelse verbindingswoorden geven de logica in een tekst weer: zij verbinden zinnen en geven tegenstellingen en overeenkomsten aan. Oftewel: zij maken een tekst tot één geheel. Het is dus belangrijk om deze woorden te gebruiken, maar het is ook belangrijk om ze goed te gebruiken.

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oefenen

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English reading skills practice | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Practise your reading skills with our activities, online exercises and worksheets.

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automatisch vertalen in browser uitzetten - Google Search

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11 nov 2014 ... Webpagina's automatisch vertalen, dat kon Google Chrome altijd al. ... vraagt de browser op elke webpagina - die niet in de taal van de browser zelf is ... en ook al kun je dat uitzetten als Chrome vraagt of je een Engelstalige ...

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Lees toets en zelfstandig werken

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F1 - The Official Home of Formula 1® Racing

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Enter the world of Formula 1. Your go-to source for the latest F1 news, video highlights, GP results, live timing, in-depth analysis and expert commentary.

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Practise your reading, writing, listening and speaking skills at your level.

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Fundamentally, Formula One cars are no different than the Chevy parked out in your garage. They use internal combustion engines and have transmissions, suspensions, wheels and brakes. But that's where the similarity ends. Formula One cars aren't designed for casual driving or cruising down the interstate. Everything about them is tweaked and tooled for one thing and one thing only -- speed. Formula One cars can easily attain speeds of 200 mph -- but during a race, the speeds are generally lower. During the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix, the winner's average speed was 101.769 mph, and in the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, it was 152.749 mph.

Let's take a look at the major systems of a Formula One car.

Chassis

The heart of a Formula One car is the chassis -- the part of the automobile onto which everything is bolted and attached. Like most modern cars and aircraft, Formula One race cars feature monocoque construction. Monocoque is a French word meaning "single shell," which refers to the process of making the entire body out of a single piece of material. Once upon a time, that material was aluminum, but today it's a strong composite, like spun carbon fibers set in resin or carbon fiber layered over aluminum mesh. The result is a lightweight car that can withstand the enormous downward-acting forces that are produced as the vehicle moves through the air.

The monocoque incorporates the cockpit, a strong, padded cell that accommodates a single driver. Unlike the cockpits of road-ready cars, which can show great variance, the cockpits of Formula One cars must adhere to very rigorous technical regulations. They must, for example, meet minimum size requirements and must have a flat floor. The seat, however, is made to fit a driver's precise measurements so his movement is limited as the car moves around the track.

Engine

Before 2006, Formula One cars were powered by massive three-liter, V10 engines. Then the rules changed, specifying the use of 2.4-liter V8 engines. Even though power outputs fell with the rule change, Formula One engines can still produce nearly 900 horsepower. To put that into perspective, consider that a Volkswagen Jetta's 2.5-liter engine produces just 150 horsepower. Of course, the Jetta's engine is probably good for at least 100,000 miles or so. A Formula One engine needs to be rebuilt after about 500 miles. Why? Because generating all of that power requires that the engine run at very high revolution rates -- nearly 19,000 revolutions per minute. Running an engine at such high rpms produces an enormous amount of heat and puts a great deal of stress on the moving parts.

The fuel that powers such an engine is not the typical unleaded gasoline you pump at the neighborhood Exxon, but it's similar. Small quantities of non-hydrocarbon compounds are allowed, but most power-boosting additives have been banned completely. All in all, Formula One teams use about 50 different fuel blends, tuned for different tracks or conditions, in a typical season. Each blend must be submitted to the FIA, the sport's governing body, for approval of its composition and physical properties.

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Fundamentally, Formula One cars are no different than the Chevy parked out in your garage. They use internal combustion engines and have transmissions, suspensions, wheels and brakes. But that's where the similarity ends. Formula One cars aren't designed for casual driving or cruising down the interstate.

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1.- pick  a formula 1 crash from 2018

2.- do research and answer these questions:
what happened, how did it happen, what was the damage to the driver and the car, what was the result after the crash?

3.- write an article about the crash describing the information you found and answer the questions above.
- mention the websites/sources you used.

length: 1a4
title: formula 1 crash
lrbakker@landstede.nl

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TOP 10: Biggest Crashes of 2018 | Formula 1®

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1. finish the assignment from last week 20 min
already finished?
- read the article on :what to do in a car crash situation.

2. correct the writing of your peers
15 min

3. 10 min
have you ever been in a crash? share your story in English.

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article on: what to do in a car crash situation.

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article on: what to do in a car crash situation.

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Explore the steps you need to take after an accident - with printable checklist - and learn about crash-for-cash claimants and car safety technology.

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- a letter with mistakes in it. 10 min
- zelf oefenen 20 min
- lezen: car brands   15 min
- Car brands in eigen woorden schrijven : Engels 15 min

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A text with mistakes and how to correct it - Learning English Online

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We'd all love to own one of the world-famous cars, but hardly a few of us know what their names mean and stand for.

Do you know that Aston Martin is derived from Aston Hill, where the founder lived?

Knowing the origins of car brands is quite fascinating and helps us understand why the particular title was given.

This list of 15 famous car brands and their origins will give you a good insight into how these companies got their names.
1. Aston Martin
The name Aston Martin is derived partly from the name of its founder, Lionel Martin and Aston Hill, where he lived. In 1914, the company headquartered in London got its name. Lionel was obsessed with luxury, beauty, and performance. He gave more impetus for perfection in all three key parameters and so the iconic brand became synonymous with Hollywood celebs and movies.
2. Audi
German Engineer August Horch founded the company August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, in 1904. Due to misunderstandings among partners, Horch left the company and formed his own company August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH in 1909. After a German court pointing Horch of trademark infringement, he was forced to change the name.

In a meeting to disc the new name, his son suggested the Latin word "Audi", which means "Hear", similar to Horch in German.
3. BMW
BMW started its operation in 1912, is formed with the merger of 3 German companies.

The company's name stands for Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, which means Bavarian Motor Works in German. After easing World War I restrictions, it became a full-fledged automobile company by manufacturing its first car "Dixi", under license from the Austin Motor Company.
4. Cadillac
Cadillac was named after the great French explorer Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan in 1701.

Cadillac is one of the earliest car brands in the US. Founded in 1902, it is known for manufacturing luxury cars. However, the company was later taken over by General Motors in 1909.
5. Chevrolet
Chevrolet, also called Chevy, was founded in 1911 by Louis Chevrolet and William C Durant in Detroit as Chevrolet Motor Company.

Louis Chevrolet was a Swiss race car driver and automotive engineer. Chevrolet overtook Ford cars as people favored its tag line "a car for every purse and purpose".
6. Datsun
Datsun is a Japanese company associated with the production of small and affordable cars.

Established in 1931, the name "Datson" was picked from surname initials of 3 partners- Kenjiro Den, Rokuro Aoyama, Meitaro Takeuchi. After 3 years, the company was taken over by Nissan. It has dropped "son", as it means 'loss' in Japan and added "sun"- which has positive associations.

Nissan phased out Datsun in 1986 and in 2013 successfully re-launched the brand in developing and emerging economies.

Source: Datsun

7. Ferrari
Everyone loves to own a Ferrari, a stylish and aerodynamically designed sleek sports car. The name Ferrari is christened after its Italian founder Enzo Ferrari, who was an official Alto race driver in 1924. In 1939, he quitted racing to build his own company.

Within one year, he built 1500 cm3 8-Cylinder 815 Spider, winning its first Grand Prix 1947. Today, Ferrari is synonymous with design, quality, style, and luxury, for both its commercial and Formula One cars.
8. Ford
Henry Ford founded the Ford Motors Company in 1903, in Detroit, Michigan.

Ford has left his first company Cadillac, and started his own car company with $28000 investment.

He perfected the mass production of cars by introducing moving assembly lines. This gave him the edge to cut the cost and offer an affordable car to the American middle class. His famous mass production car of 1908, Model T, sold more than millions over the next 20 years.

Later on, Ford made several acquisitions, including Volvo, Troller and FPV brands.

Source: Pixabay

9. Honda
Soichiro Honda, the founder of Honda, was a mechanic and had an acute interest in race cars. After the failure of piston rings supply contract with Toyota, he went on to study Toyota quality manufacturing process. Soon, he re-entered manufacturing and started mass production of piston rings with acceptable Toyota standards by 1941.

The company gained expertise in manufacturing motorcycles, internal combustion engines and cars over the century.
10. Mercedes
Mercedes-Benz is the first petrol-powered car, invented way back in 1886.

Its name was originated due to Karl Benz, the founder of the German company. Emil Jellinek, an Austrian Automobile Engineer who created the trademark for the Daimler Motor Group, marketed its first product Mercedes 35 HP, after his daughter Mercedes Jellinek, in 1901.

The company went on to produce luxury cars, buses, and trucks.

Source: Andrei/Flickr

11. Nissan
Toshisuke Aikawa first founded Nihon Sangyo in 1928, in Japan. The name Nissan is formed as an abbreviation for Tokyo Stock Exchange as Ni-San. Though initially, the company was doing business in foundry and auto parts, only in 1933, Nissan started making automobiles.

Source: Pixabay

12. Porsche
Porsche is the middle name of luxury sports cars and SUVs around the globe. The company was founded by Ferdinand Porsche in 1931, in Stuttgart, Germany. Porsche is the majority shareholder in the Volkswagen family.

Source: Porsche

13. Rolls-Royce
The England based company Rolls-Royce started its operations in 1906, with the collaboration of two businessmen Henry Royce and Charles Rolls. Both have actively shared their vision to build one of the best cars in the world.

Subsequently, Rolls-Royce entered in manufacturing jet engines on their own.
14. Toyota
The Japanese company, Toyota was founded by Kiichiro Toyota in 1937.

Toyota is famous for the introduction of two major concepts in the automotive industry- Toyota Production System (TPS) and Just-In-Time (JIT).

Source: Dion Gillard/Flickr

15. Volkswagen
Volkswagen means "People's Car" in German. Founded in 1937, Volkswagen is presently the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles, followed by Toyota. Volkswagen is a parent company, holding many popular car brands under its umbrella, including Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Skoda etc.

Source: VW

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What These 15 World-Famous Car Brand Names Actually Mean

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We'd all love to own one of the world-famous cars, but hardly a few of us know what their names mean and stand for. Do you know that Aston Martin is derived from Aston Hill, where the founder lived? Knowing the origins of car brands is quite fascinating and helps us understand why the particular title was given.

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Practise and improve your writing skills for your school studies and your English exams. There are activities for different levels, so find your level and make a start.

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https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1903/190330-speed-limiters-a.html

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English News Lessons: Free 27-Page lesson plan / 2-page mini-lesson - Speed Limiters - Handouts, online activity, mp3... current events.

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http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/reading

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© British Council
The United Kingdom's international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities.
A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland).

ICP#: 10044692

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Here you can find activities to practise your reading skills. Reading will help you to improve your understanding of the language and build your vocabulary. The self-study lessons in this section are written and organised according to the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR).

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40 minutes  writing test
20 minutes grammar practice

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BBC Learning English - Easy grammar - 6 Minute Grammar

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Improve your grammar with easy 6 Minute Grammar, our grammar series for beginner level learners. On this page you’ll find a range of easy grammar programmes to boost your grammar skills and links to our medium grammar and hard grammar resources.

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- some people will have to write the writing test. 30 min.

- others look at their feedback

- you will practise grammar 30 min

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Ece
Hello to BBC English Learning audience!
When did you start learning English?
Ece
I did my High School education in English so I started learning when I was 13, and then after High School I went to Law School which was completely in Turkish so I didn't have anything, I didn't know how to do anything with English so there was, is a gap in my English learning process for about 5 years. And then I restarted on my own, so to speak, by reading magazines and newspapers and watching TV - English TV shows with Turkish subtitles, which, by the way, helps a lot. And then after I began doing international journalism I had to learn English which actually improves English more than anything because when you have to do it you do it so it is still a process actually, I'm still learning.
How has learning English helped your career?
Ece
I was able to make [sic] interviews all over the world with those people who speaks [sic] English, so yeah I became an international journalist after learning English.

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BBC Learning English - Course: lower intermediate / Unit 6 / Session 3 / Activity 1

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Ece Hello to BBC English Learning audience! When did you start learning English? Ece I did my High School education in English so I started learning when I was 13, and then after High School I went to Law School which was completely in Turkish so I didn't have anything, I didn't know how to do anything with English so there was, is a gap in my English learning process for about 5 years.

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New Broadcasting House was a very large project for the BBC. In fact, it was the largest project in the history of the BBC. Look again at some of these facts from Session 1 and look carefully at the words in bold:

New Broadcasting House provides a better working environment for BBC staff.

This is now the BBC's largest creative hub in the UK.

The redevelopment of Broadcasting House involved the BBC's biggest relocation of staff in its 90 year history.

New Broadcasting House is a 12-storey extension that's connected to the original smaller home of the BBC.

There are many TV and radio studios using some of the latest technology.

It's busier than ever but there are plenty of places to meet and talk to colleagues.

These are all examples of comparative and superlative adjectives.

Comparative adjectives tell us how something is different ( the original smaller home of the BBC) or how something has changed ( It's busier than ever).

Look at these other examples. How do we form comparative adjectives?:

The BBC News Service is now faster than ever.

This redevelopment took place to meet higher demand for BBC services.

New Broadcasting House is bigger than the previous building.

Due to 24-hour programming and online services, the BBC is much busier than it was 20 years ago.

In most cases, we add -er to the adjective to form a comparative (large - larger, fast - faster).

If the adjective finishes with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern (like 'big'), the final consonant is doubled when -er is added (big - bigger, fat - fatter).

If the adjective ends with a consonant + y, we change the y to an i (busy - busier, funny - funnier).

We use 'than' to make a direct comparison with something else (I am taller than my brother.)

Superlative adjectives highlight something that is bigger, better or more than everything else ( the largest live newsroom in Europe, the latest technology).

Look at these examples. How do we form superlative adjectives?

The BBC news team is one of the fastest in the world.

New Broadcasting House was the biggest building project in BBC history.

The Learning English staff are the busiest and happiest at the BBC!

In these examples, we add -est after the adjective. We also use 'the' before the adjective (fast - the fastest, large - the largest).

If the adjective finishes with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern (like 'big'), the final consonant is doubled (big - the biggest, fat - the fattest).

If the adjective ends with a consonant + y, we change the y to an i (busy - the busiest, funny - the funniest).

One more thing - there are always irregular forms in English! This is true for comparative and superlative adjectives as well. Here are some of the common irregular forms:
adjective comparative superlative
good better (than) (the) best

well better (than) (the) best

bad worse (than) (the) worst

ill worse (than) (the) worst

far further (than) (the) furthest

Please check out our grammar reference for more explanations and examples.

Before we look at different adjectives, let's check what you have learned so far with a quick comparatives and superlatives quiz. Look at the sentences and put the adjectives into the correct comparative or superlative form. Remember to check your spelling carefully!

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BBC Learning English - Course: lower intermediate / Unit 13 / Session 2 / Activity 1

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New Broadcasting House was a very large project for the BBC. In fact, it was the largest project in the history of the BBC. Look again at some of these facts from Session 1 and look carefully at the words in bold: New Broadcasting House provides a better working environment for BBC staff.

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In the English language there are no different forms for subjects and objects. To keep subject and object apart, however, we have to stick to the word order.

Explanations and Exercises

Word Order in Positive Sentences

Word Order in Negative Sentences

Word Order in Subordinate Clauses

Position of Time Expressions

Position of Adverbs

Word Order in Questions

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Word Order in English Sentences :: Learn English online - free exercises, explanations, games, teaching materials and plenty of information on English language.

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1. Together we listen and read to an article.
2. You do the assignments presented below.

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The Heritage of Groupe Renault - Groupe Renault

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From 1898 to today, discover the entire history of Groupe Renault. Emblematic designs, plant openings, sport feats, charismatic personalities, and significant innovations...Relive an exceptional industrial and human adventure.

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BMW Vision Next 100 - interior Exterior and Drive

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15 Things You Didn't Know About VOLKSWAGEN