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The Muslims took control of land from the Atlantic to the barrier of China after Muhammad's death. Since there was a small amount of Muslims it took many centuries to spread the religion of Islam. However, the process of expanding territory occurred faster under Muslim rule.

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"Let there be no compulsion in religion"

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"Let there be no compulsion in religion"

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From the Qu'ran, it mentions that a person cannot be forced to convert to the religion of Islam against their own will. Plus, Muhammad made it required to be tolerant to other religions. Treaties between Muslims and non-Muslims were made to maintain it.

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Muhammad preached publicly at Makkan and Madinah ten years each  and when he passed away in 632CE, preaching in the mosque became more common throughout Islam. To become Islamic, a person must go through a long process of Islamic practices and understanding and make a profession of faith which is shahada.

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The growth of Muslim population involved how fast it spread, the influences of Islamic culture, and how Islam changed Muslim development and civilizations. Those belonging in other religions also their continued their own ways and under the Muslim rule they were affected by the transition of the majorities into minorities of religion.

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The growth of Muslim population and the spread of Islam was influenced by the interest migrants took into Islam and the mawali advertising the religion and preserving the knowledge. In the Umayyad dynasty, the North African Berbers were the first non-Arab group to acknowledge Islam, replacing Christianity in their region. Islam began to spread slower in the regions of Syria, Egypt and lost more recognition as a religion, but the expansion of Muslim territory continued to go at a rapid pace. The other religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism were given the protection of life, property, and freedom by the Muslim law for paying taxes in the regions that were under Muslim rule. Islam continued to spread outside of the Muslim territories although the Muslim empire declined; the Ottoman Turks and Bulgarians became Muslims.

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When the Muslim Turks took control of some regions of India, the amount of Muslims increased greatly within that area while few regions kept Hinduism. The faith was also spread by trade from Malaysia to Indonesia. It became the central religion in several regions of Inner Eurasia and was accepted by western China while in southern China, it was where few of the oldest masjid were.

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Strong Governments and the Spread of Islam

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Strong Governments and the Spread of Islam

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The relationship between Muslim rule and Islam is inverse because Muslim rule began to decline while Islam continued to successfully spread. The spread of Islam was influenced by the assistance of scholars and traders whereas Muslim rule was viewed as a selfish and unfair especially when it came to taxes. However, the non-Muslims were influenced by the Muslim rulers so they refused to convert to Islam.

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In the sub-Saharan Africa, Gao, a major trading center, had the most amount of Muslims.  Islam had spread from Senegal to Mali and Guinea in 1040. This led to the establishment of the Mali kingdom and the Songhai empire 1465 to 1600. The introduction of Islam in West Africa led to the appearance of Muslim scholars that constructed Muslim administration and culture. Islam spread in east Africa by trade and Somolia and Tanzania began to convert to Muslim. Muslim populations began to increase in Nubia (south Egypt) due to immigrations and weakening Christian rule.