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The Lasso tool is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border. Select the Lasso tool , and set feathering and anti-aliasing in the options bar.

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The Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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A cross between the Rectangular Marquee Tool and the standard Lasso Tool, both of which we looked at in previous tutorials. It allows us to easily draw free form selection outlines based on straight-sided polygonal shapes.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area.

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Photoshop Healing Brush. The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image.

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It is similar to the Healing Brush Tool, in that it matches the texture, lighting and shading of the sampled pixels to the source area

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Photoshop's clone stamp toolallows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning). The more you paint over an area with the Dodge or Burn tool, the lighter or darker it becomes.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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The Sponge Tool saturates / desaturates image areas.

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred. ... A softblur brush will alter pixels at varying strengths, stronger in the center turning weaker towards the edges.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening. Sharpen your image multiple times in small amounts. Sharpen the first time to correct blur captured by a scanner or digital camera.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradientfills or create your own.

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Layer masks are a fundamental tool in image manipulations. They allow you to selectively modify the opacity (transparency) of the layer they belong to.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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A Macro Lens is specifically designed for close-up photography. Macro lenses have a higher photographic magnification and maintain high image quality during magnification. They have shorter minimal focusing distances.

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Fisheye Lens. The basic definition of a fisheye lens is a wide angle lens that takes in a wider than normal image that is hemispherical in shape.

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HDR stands for High Dynamic Range, and it is a technique in which many images – usually around 3 or 5 – are merged together, so that details from all the different images show up in the final HDR image.

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Vignette is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center.

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based textin a separate layer.

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All cameras and light meters are calibrated to the 18% Grey cards. They are the universal way to measure exposure in all cameras, film, motion picture, digital, video and your cell phone camera too. 18% Grey cards are used for setting your exposure in photography.

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In photography, the metering mode refers to the way in which a camera determines exposure. Cameras generally allow the user to select between spot, center-weighted average, or multi-zonemetering modes.

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Partial metering is one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness. This enables the photographer to take a correct exposure depending on the lighting conditions at hand.

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Matrix Metering or Evaluative Metering mode is the defaultmetering mode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.

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a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.