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Arising out of what is sometimes referred to as the Skokie Affair. Nazis could march because of first amendment.

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A claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed.

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Defamation
Slander- Spoken defamation
Libel- Published defamation

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Defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.

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Prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments.

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Right to trial by jury

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Speech directed at the overthrow of government

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The accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial

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Landmark case; Concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

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Racial segregation not by legal requirement

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Protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.

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No unreasonable searches and seizures.

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People do not have to quarter soldiers.

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Right to bear arms.

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Freedom of speech, religion, and press.

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In order for schools to get aid from the government the money cannot be used for religious purposes, to encourage or discourage a religion, or to entangle the government into religion.

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Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful.

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Accompanies the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Rational basis review is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.

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Landmark case; Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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Landmark case; Separate but Equal. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality.

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An enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters.

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Landmark case; Supreme Court ruled on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions. Ruled in favor of women.

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A landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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Test that assesses a person's literacy abilities. Used to keep African Americans from voting in the 19th century

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Landmark case; Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amendment is inadmissible.

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Prohibits states from denying ant person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of the law.

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Landmark case; The right to know your rights.

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Landmark case; Supreme court rules segregation of schools is unconstitutional

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Landmark case; ruled it was unconstitutional for schools to make a official prayer and encourage students to recite it.

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Made portions of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

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Action that clearly conveys a message to those who see it.

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Landmark case; upheld affirmative action. Allowed race to be one of several admission factors

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Reasonable grounds

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legal separation of groups in society

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Classifications for people based in their race

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Involves actions (marching, sit-ins)

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Prosecuting someone for the same offense twice.

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Fair treatment by the Judicial system.

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The clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.