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The functions of editing (Summary Version)

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The functions of editing (Summary Version)

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The function for editing includes the use of narrative, to create continuity between shots, to engage the audience emotionally and build or create meaning.

Narrative:
The functions within editing revolving around narrative can include a focus on drama as well as the use of withholding information therefore to motivate further development of the story.

Continuity:
The functions of continuity editing focuses on the flow and change of place, action and timeframe in a natural form in which keeps the audience engaged.

Audience engagement:
Editing is key to the functionality of the film as the audience has to be consistently engaged,by creating good use of pace and by building good use of suspense.

Meaning:
This can be implied with editing by the use of cuts or by using juxtaposition or helping the audience feel empathy or create and relative emotion. It can also be used to create bias for a character.

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The purpose of film editing (Summary Version)

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The purpose of film editing (Summary Version)

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The purposes of film editing include manipulating time, controlling perception of space, and to control rhythm and pace.

Time: Compress or stretch time, Increase or decrease speed.

Space:Creating a space and and environment in which is both realistic and believable, this can also be used to inflict emotion in between characters or potentially discomfort is being too close.

Rhythm And Pace:
This includes creating good flow, pauses in between lines and action as well as shot. This could also cooperate with the music as well.

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Where the screen turns to black. This can be used to end a scene or start one. Sometimes this is holded to let the scene and film to effect or to build suspense.

The difference between this and dissolve is that it turns to colour instead of another frame. This can also be used at the end of a scene to show the effect of the scenario and allow the audience to digest and review the situation. An example of a tv series that uses this affect a lot is Glee.

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A transition used to remove the previous scene so it disappears as the two scenes collide with little contrast in colour however it can be used to make parallel between the scenes.

By reviewing the use of dissolve in this shot I would assume there is a important connection between the two characters from the parallel that has been drawn between the two frames.

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This is a transition between scenes. By wiping the previous scene off of screen.

http://www.your-film.com/2013/01/star-wipe/

This star wars film shows the use of the transition in which it helped create a contrast between the places.

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A freeze frame will be used to pause a section of the film to create an effect. This might be used to credit the actors or so a character can narrate a scene.

This freeze frame from brooklyn 99 is used to present the credits. It’s simple yet effective as it lets the editing and music take effect to help resemble its genre of comedy. Another well known example is from the end scene in breakfast club.

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Can be used to compare or show two people are interacting with each over whilst on phone for example, who are in different rooms. Mainly used to show that this is happening at the same time.

This example was used to insinuate that the two characters are talking to each other on the phone from different places however some split screens may use this to divert our mind only to reveal they are in the same place.
https://youtu.be/hVN7TJRRskQ

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When a film is put into slow motion it slows down often to emphasise detail within the moment.

Deadpool uses this in a scene to resemble its genre of comedy and action as the car continues to flip over mid air  and deadpool states ‘did I forget to leave the stove on’.  Although this isn’t the traditional use of slow motion, which is often used by slowing down the film in editing it shows a similar concept in its meaning. It used to highlight or resemble the moment.

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Cross cutting/ parallel editing example 2

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Cross cutting/ parallel editing example 2

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Switching between two scenes  and two locations to build tension often implied to happen at the same time and to create a relation between them. However they may not actually be at the same time.

This cross cutting used in Inception is switching between two worlds. This insinuates that the motions that are happening to the real world is happening to the dream world too. This was successful for its purpose and helped to its express meaning clearly. Editing helped in showing a clearer contrast between the scene in addition to the mise en scene used to to show a difference in space and colour entirely.

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Parallel Editing / Cross cutting Example 

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Parallel Editing / Cross cutting Example 

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When they cut away from one scene of action to another. Often insinuates that they are happening at the same time. Than join into one scene. This is revealed within a single film sequence.

Parallel editing has worked really well in this scene from the silence of the lambs. A character is in trouble so the next shot shows the FBI arriving to help. Tension is already built from the suspense. As a member of the FBI in disguise with a gun in the box is ringing the doorbell, the villain is struggling to get to the door in time. The FBI rings the door again. And finally the villain opens the door to reveal the FBI is not there  but instead the main character meaning that the FBI is at the wrong place therefore creating the unexpected.

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A collection of scenes and clips to show a pass through time and present the transformation sector of the hero's journey in the film.

This montage was effectively used to show the characters progression through training to learn kung fu with the addition of various shots from different scenes we could see a clear change and character development.

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Helps to make the film seem more realistic. Where you put different pieces of film together to carry on and make it seem like it hasn’t been edited.

This example demonstrates this through the change of angle giving us multiple points of view of the scene whilst making smooth transitions between shots to consistently engage the audience without the feeling of obstruction. It also allows backstage equipment to be edited out.

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When a scene transitions into the other with a similar shape or form to the previous scene.

This can be used to change location, timeframe or to switch between thought or two show a parallel.

This example was effectively used to express the themes and expression of the musical whilst still showing the contrast between the reality of the situation without withdrawing the movie magic that is being consistently presented throughout the film. These two shots informed us that.

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When editing matches the scene and action whilst cutting from one shot to another without making the editing really noticeable.

This shot was fairly creative. They used a sound  transition of a loud thud from the previous shot as the box of christmas lights are placed on the glass table from a low angle. Match on action is than used as the main character continues to take her hands off of the box and carry out the rest of the scene.

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Is used to show what the character on screen is seeing by using the height of the characters eyes to what they are looking at.

As we can see the girl is at an art gallery and begins to look at something. The next shot reveals she is looking at a calming & beautiful painting. As she looks closer the shot than reveals its meaning when it shows its contrast, to what she is seeing a character in the painting, drowning. The meaning presents a contrast in the world where everybody is getting on and focusing on their own lives that they don’t stop to see what is right in front of them, or what is happening to others around them therefore effectively giving meaning to the character and potentially the story.

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By filming on one side of the scene to ensure that the point of view doesn’t feel disorientating. Therefore ensuring that nothing has changed in the scene.

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Switching between clips, angles or film to build suspense and insinuate something is happening at the same time and possibly the same place to draw emotion.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGxtXUmBK4g

This clip from Jurassic Park shows an interesting viewpoint. The scene starts to convey worry and fear for the characters as the dinosaur charges towards the young girl. Panicked, the girl can’t shut the door in time and as the dinosaur is just about to get to her it slams into a reflection of her causing it to pass out. Juxtaposition was used here to insinuate fear and unsafety only to reveal the character to be safe.

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Shot Reverse Shot

It is used to switch between shots to insinuate that a people are looking at each other.

[Continuity editing]

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A cut in shot is a close up shot showing something visible in the main scene. A cutaway shot is a shot away from the main scene.

This short scene showed an effective example of a cut in being used to establish a small bit of context. This helped inform us  with a small bit of prior knowledge from the previous episode that the characters are talking about dungeons and dragons.

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When using a jump cut the angle must of moved at least 30 degrees to show a clear difference without making the editing too apparent.

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Sets up and establishes the context of a scene. In this screenshot they are arriving at hogwarts from the harry potter film.

[Continuity editing]

This establishing shot is purpose is to briefly inform the audience of the location to create context behind the next scene. The shot is effectively used to resemble meaning through the places importance to the story and the nostalgia it brings through its genre of fantasy.

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When the video cuts between moments or a scene or angle to show that its jumping between moments in time. This could be a matter of seconds.
These shots effectively transitioned through time to resemble the use of the ‘make-over'.