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Post #1 : Roanoke Colony Disappearance Thoeries

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Post #1 : Roanoke Colony Disappearance Thoeries

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By Sharon Nanninga

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In this video they use Archaeology to try to solve the ancient riddle of the lost Roanoke Colony. They did this by hunting for artifacts to help prove the settlers were in the area when the historical stories say they were.  This video content is different from others I watched because they took a more realistic take on the famous mystery. The scientists are exuviating the Roanoke island and actively searching to uncover old pottery and relics buried by time. The archaeologists were able to uncover old bowls and what resembles a furnace dating back to the right time period. They also are starting to think the settlers had more support from the natives then they originally thought, or the natives took over the island shortly after the English abandoned the colony.  The possible flaws in this video content could be the lack of evidence to support where they got their facts from and why they don’t fully match up with other sources. The red flag that is abundantly clear is ideology, a set of ideas that make up the settler’s possible actions and caused issues between the English and the Natives due to cultural difference and views which resulted in wars and on-going hatred between the English and the Natives at that time. The reason for belief in this documentary on the Roanoke Colony is Appeal to Authorities because who doesn’t want to believe in all the intelligent scientists and historians.

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Archaeology: The Riddle of Roanoke (Documentary)

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This video considers Roanoke a historical detective mystery listing the top five possible theories of what happened to the settlers. The five theories are Croatoan move, draught, Powhatan slaughter, patched maps to hide secret fort/ location, and integration. To avoid repetition I chose to focus of the integration with native’s theory. They believed this was the most likely outcome to the disappearance of the settlers but not possible due the number of settlers that should have been there at the time. They think the English settlers that integrated were what was left after a possible attack on the settlers and they were all that survived which connects to the original dare stones story. The evidence they talked about proving possible English dissent in the native blood lines are grey eyes, two story stone buildings in the area, natives with English sir names, and ancestors that spoke English. The red flags shown in this video were confusion of correlation with causation because the evidence of having grey eyes could be a DNA flaw, and the speaking of English was possible because the English were around at the time and they could have picked up some words or sayings. Reason for belief could be simplicity because its easy to imagine two colonies/ tribes coming together and helping each other rather then believing in hidden forts and unprovoked mass murder.

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In this audio video, the narrator describes the colony history and then goes to describe the first Dare Stone. In this recording he explains the passage on the rock to be about the sad fate of the Roanoke Colony going through a massacre killing Eleanor Dare’s (John Whites Daughter) husband and Daughter were killed by natives. She goes on to say that there were only 7 survivors left of the colony.  They then found many other stones that were proven to be fake, which cast doubt on the authenticity of the original stone, later they did testing on the stones’ materials to try and find its origins. The possible red flags from this source could be Proof of verbosity because of all the fake stones and false information. But because of the length and detail of the original stone massage could also be an example of this as well because they said in the audio they still don’t know if the first stone is real and if it is a fake, it is a very well researched one. The reason for belief I found in this could be emotional connection because of other research posted, once the first rock was found the government offered a reward for finding new stones and if the man who faked the other stones was emotionally driven to create them pressured buy money this would be and emotional motive and cause for question in all the stones.

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The rock that could reveal the fate of the Lost Colony of Roanoke

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In my first website source it talked about theories of what may have happened to the new colony of Roanoke the new ones were abducted by natives, sailed back to England on their own and lost at sea, killed by Spanish troupes marching north from there settlement in Florida, moved in land. This history channel said whatever happened to colony they provided lessons for the success of the James town settlement 17 years later to the north of Roanoke. This is the first site to mention the Spanish and since it was during the Spanish war this is a viable theory as the Spanish could have seen the Roanoke fires from passing ships or by entering the area on foot. This connects to the red flag of confusion with correlation with causation again because its assuming that an event happening in the one part of the world could also be happening in another, Spanish War. This would add in the red flag of suppression by authority because that would mean the Spanish military is hold information about a possible attack/ abduction. Reason for belief connection is the unexplained because we really have no hard evidence of what happened to this colony and all we have are theories.

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The origins of one of America's oldest unsolved mysteries can be traced to August 1587, when a group of about 115 English settlers arrived on Roanoke Island, off the coast of what is now North Carolina. Following an earlier, failed attempt at settlement on Roanoke two years earlier, these colonists intended to form the first permanent English outpost in the New World.

John White's Departure and the Spanish Armada

Later that year, it was decided that John White, governor of the new colony, would sail back to England in order to gather a fresh load of supplies. But just as he arrived, a major naval war broke out between England and Spain, and Queen Elizabeth I called on every available ship to confront the mighty Spanish Armada.

In August 1590, White finally returned to Roanoke, where he had left his wife and daughter, his infant granddaughter (Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the Americas) and the other settlers three long years before. He found no trace of the colony or its inhabitants, and few clues to what might have happened, apart from a single word-"Croatoan"-carved into a wooden post.

Was the 'Lost Colony' of Roanoke Ever Found?

Investigations into the fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke have continued over the centuries, but no one has come up with a satisfactory answer. "Croatoan" was the name of an island south of Roanoke that was home to a Native American tribe of the same name. Perhaps, then, the colonists were killed or abducted by Native Americans.

Other hypotheses hold that they tried to sail back to England on their own and got lost at sea, that they met a bloody end at the hands of Spaniards who had marched up from Florida or that they moved further inland and were absorbed into a friendly tribe.

In 2007, efforts began to collect and analyze DNA from local families to figure out if they're related to the Roanoke settlers, local Native American tribes or both. Despite the lingering mystery, it seems there's one thing to be thankful for: The lessons learned at Roanoke may have helped the next group of English settlers, who would found their own colony 17 years later just a short distance to the north, at Jamestown.

HISTORY Vault: Roanoke: A Mystery Carved in Stone

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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What Happened to the 'Lost Colony' of Roanoke? | HISTORY

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In my second website I have skipped over any repeating information that I have already covered in other posts. This site gives a new possible and improbable theory. These theories include paranormal theory of a zombie outbreak, and a possible theory of a sever draught. The limitation of this paranormal concept is the lack of evidence ever having happened in human history. This flaw is also painting the lost colony as a fictional story and we lose the facts. The red flag shown here is mystical energy because zombies are mystical creatures also connects with the unexplained reason for belief because we don’t have any true facts of zombie existence or possibility are just as unknown as alien life.

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Roanoke Colony, an island in present-day North Carolina, was settled in 1584 by English colonists as the first attempt at a permanent settlement in North America. However, the settlers quickly ran into hardship caused by poor harvest, lack of materials, and difficult relations with the indigenous peoples.

Because of these difficulties, a small group of colonists, led by John White, returned to England in search of help from Queen Elizabeth I. When White returned a few years later the colony had disappeared; all traces of the settlers and encampments were gone, creating its history as the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke.

Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to gather a small group to settle in the Chesapeake Bay as part of a larger campaign to explore and settle North America. Sir Richard Grenville led the expedition and landed on Roanoke Island in 1584. Soon after settlement, he was responsible for burning a village inhabited by Carolina Algonquians, ending the previously friendly relations.

When the settlement failed due to this strained relation and a lack of resources, the first group of colonists returned to England shortly after when Sir Francis Drake offered to take them home on his way from the Caribbean. John White arrived with another group of colonists in 1587 intending to settle in the Chesapeake Bay, but the pilot of the ship brought them to Roanoke Island. His daughter Eleanor White Dare and her husband Ananias Dare were on the charter as well, and the two later had a child in Roanoke, Virginia Dare, who was the first person of English descent born in North America.

White's group of settlers ran into similar difficulties as the first group. After arriving too late to begin planting, the Roanoke colonists had a poor harvest and lacked many other materials. Additionally, after an indigenous man killed one of the colonists, White ordered an attack on a group of indigenous people in a tribe nearby out of retaliation. This increased the already high tension between the Native Americans and the colonists who settled on their land.

Because of these difficulties, White returned to England to ask for help with gathering resources and left behind 117 people in the colony.

When White returned to Europe, England was in the midst of the Anglo-Spanish War between Queen Elizabeth I and King Philip II of Spain. Because of the war effort, there were few resources to devote to the New World. Boats, materials, and people were not available to John White, who then stayed in Europe for a few years until the conclusion of the war. When White returned to Roanoke Island in 1590, the settlement was deserted.

In his own account, White describes the island upon his return. He states, "we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken downe, (...) and five foote from the ground in fayre capital letters was graven CROATOAN without any crosse or signe of distresse." He later concludes that the colonists were safe with the Croatoan tribe because of the lack of any distress signals. However, due to inclement weather and few supplies, he never sailed to the Croatoan settlement. Instead, he returned to England, never knowing where his colony remained.

Centuries later, researchers at the British Museum examined a map drawn by John White, the original governor of Roanoke County. The examination was conducted because a portion of the map appears to have been covered by a patch of paper. When backlit, a star shape appears under the patch, possibly noting the exact location of the colony. The site has been excavated and archaeologists have discovered ceramic material that may have belonged to members of the "lost colony," but the archaeological remains have not been definitively linked to the lost colonists.

There is no conclusive evidence as to what happened to the colony of Roanoke. Theories range from the plausible to the improbable, including massacre, migration, and even a zombie outbreak.

One hotly debated clue is a rock, allegedly engraved by Roanoke colonists, that was found in a swamp in North Carolina. The engraving states that two of the original settlers, Virginia and Ananias Dare, were murdered. For decades, the rock has been repeatedly authenticated and discredited by archaeologists and historians. Nonetheless, a popular theory maintained that the Roanoke colonists were murdered by the indigenous tribes nearby. This theory, which pushes the racist notion that indigenous people are dangerous and violent, alleges that tensions between the colonists and the nearby tribes (specifically the Croatoan) continued to rise, leading to the mass murder of the colony.

However, the theory fails to note the violence initiated by the colonists themselves, as well as the fact that there is no evidence of the colonists leaving unexpectedly. All of the structures had been taken down and no human remains were found at the site. Additionally, as White noted, the word "Croatoan" was etched in the tree without any symbols of distress.

There are a host of paranormal theories that are based entirely in speculation and not the evidence presented by historical accounts. The Zombie Research Society, for example, theorizes that a zombie outbreak in the colony led to cannibalism, which is why no bodies were found. Once the zombies ran out of colonists to feed on, the theory goes, they themselves decomposed into the ground, leaving no evidence behind.

The most likely scenario is that environmental degradation and poor harvests forced the colony to migrate elsewhere. In 1998, archaeologists studied tree rings and concluded that there was a drought within the time frame of the colonists' evacuation. This theory follows that the colonists left Roanoke Island to live with nearby tribes (e.g. the Croatoan) and survive the dangerous conditions.

Grizzard, Frank E., and D. Boyd. Smith. Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. ABC-CLIO Interactive, 2007.

Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584-1606.

Emery, Theo. "The Roanoke Island Colony: Lost, and Found?" The New York Times, The New York Times, 19 Jan. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/science/the-roanoke-colonists-lost-and-found.html.

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What Happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke?

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Roanoke Colony, an island in present-day North Carolina, was settled in 1584 by English colonists as the first attempt at a permanent settlement in North America. However, the settlers quickly ran into hardship caused by poor harvest, lack of materials, and difficult relations with the indigenous peoples.

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In this photo you can see an old ring made of brass that dates to the time of the Roanoke colonies first settlement in 1580s. This ring was found in 1998 by Charles Ewen. This image on the face of the ring is said to be a lion passant that could possibly connect to the Kendell family Devon and Cornwall. Master Kendell was documented to be part of the first colonization in 1585. But this is not fully confirmed. The flaw to this artifact is people were skeptical because this kind of ring was also popular in the era which the Natives up and down the east coast had and made. The reason for belief connection is simplicity because they are claim there were many rings in the area made and the possibility of it being from the actual time and not from earlier years of population in the area, the odd of it being his ring is very slim. (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/mystery-roanoke-endures-yet-another-cruel-twist-180962837/)

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In my last website source, I will be summarizing and analysing the Croatoan theory. This is the theory that the settlers ran out of resources before the ships return and went to Croatoan island to rekindle their past alliance with the Croatoan tribe. This theory is supported by the knowledge of the carvings in the fence and the tree, and the talk of having to abandon Roanoke due to the lack of supplies before sending John Smith back to England this is when they discussed carving a Maltese cross if they leave by force if he was not back yet. But instead they carved CRO and Croatoan. Another theory could be that the carver was killed before being able to add the cross to the carving. The red flag connection could be confirmation bias as John smith may have discussed many plans and not remembered them saying where they wanted to go if it did not coincide with is ideas or plans. Reason for belief could be emotional connection because John smith the only living person from the colony may have been blurred by his drive to save and protect his family and colony making him blinded to what may have been said or discussed before leaving Roanoke island.

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Upon his eventual return to Roanoke Island in 1590, Governor John White found the colony deserted with no clues as to where the colonists may have gone or what could have happened to them....

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This image gives a brief overview of the timeline for the Roanoke Settlements violence. In this time line it summarizes all that may have happened in the history of the Roanoke Colony from the first expedition to John White finding the colony empty. I do not see any flaws in this timeline because it only documents the facts it doesn't add any theory or suspicion's. this connects historical facts not reasons for belief because they cut out the feeling and the fake facts and left only hard evidence of the colonies existence.

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Post #11 Word Document Reflective Discussion

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Post #11 Word Document Reflective Discussion

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Below is a picture of John White’s hand drawn map of the location of the Roanoke Settlement.  It was found to have a patch covering over a small symbol suggesting the location of a fort. This implies he knew where the settlers of Roanoke built their new village. Its location was near the future northern settlement of Jamestown. An archeological dig was conducted, and some evidence was found to support the theory that some colonists may have been there, but there were no signs of a fort or other structures. The red flag that could connect suppression by authorities because maybe he was trying to hide the location or information from anyone who could steal the map and compromise the colony or forts location and causing possible harm to the occupant’s it connects to the reason of belief of the unexplained because we don’t have evidence or proof what her was possibly hiding or it was a simple human error we will never know.    www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archelogists-evacuate-two-sites-where-roanoke-lost-colony-settlers-020484