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This is an image of a green bean plant. Different parts of the plant in this picture are labeled. knowing how the plant works better helps us know how they grow. This is important to me because this past summer I picked over five baskets full of green beans. the structure of the plant is very interesting. knowing when to pic the beans off the plant and when you should pull the plant up are very important to making sure you get the most out of your plants.

( Note for Dr. Harnden: I edited my tittle on 11/8/21, and left this note on 11/12/21.)

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I found a link that talks about the growth of roses. (i will have it at the bottom of my post.) This link states, "When growing roses, it’s important to choose a site receiving at least six hours of sun each day. Rose bushes must also be located in well-drained, fertile soil. Plant dormant roses in early spring (or fall). Potted plants can be planted any time between spring and fall, but preferably spring.". I found this information very helpful because it tells you how many hours of sunlight you need for the best growth for the rose. When growing any plant it is very important to make sure use the right soil. I plan to grow some this spring to give to my grandmother for her birthday because she loves roses.

Here is the link mentioned in my post.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/roses/starting-a-rose-garden.htm

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The article I have attached talks about bean plants and what you can plant around them to help keep different types of pest away. When growing green beans my family and I use a few of these. For example we plant tomatoes, cabbage, and rosemary around our green beans. As the article stated, "Nasturtium and rosemary both deter bean beetle pests..." This was something my grandfather recently thought me. It is very interesting to see how these plants benifit from each other.

Here is the link mentioned in my post.
https://www.thespruce.com/companion-plants-for-beans-2540036

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Companion planting is the practice of placing different species of plants close together in the garden because they offer certain benefits to one another. For example, one species may deter an insect that feeds on the other species, while that plant may improve the other plant's uptake of soil nutrients. Learn about some of the best species to grow near pole beans and bush beans, as well as what to avoid planting next to beans.

Understanding Companion Planting

Companion planting maximizes the efficiency of a garden space, attracts beneficial insects, and diverts insect pests from food crops. Sometimes the companion plant pairings benefit one plant more than another, but there is rarely a downside to following companion plant suggestions. Nature designed some plants to protect and help others. When you take advantage of these beneficial relationships, it becomes easier to grow crops organically.

Take the classic Indigenous peoples' "three sisters" planting combination as an example: Plant corn with pole beans, and add squash to the mix. The beans attract beneficial insects that prey on corn pests, such as leaf beetles, fall armyworms, and leafhoppers. In return, the bean vines are supported as they climb up the corn stalks. The squash benefits from the nitrogen fixed in the soil by the bean plant, while the large leaves of the squash block sunlight from nourishing weeds near the corn stalk. All plants win.

What to Plant Around Beans

As many gardeners learn, beans are a recommended companion for several different vegetables and other plants. That's because beans and other legumes boost nitrogen levels in the soil and provide nutrients to surrounding plants.﻿﻿ In return, certain plants benefit from the growth of beans.

Catnip: This plant helps to repel flea beetles, a common pest found on many vegetable crops, including beans.﻿﻿

Corn: Bush beans can tolerate the light shade that is cast by corn plants. And because the roots of the bean plants occupy a different level in the soil than the roots of the corn, the two plants do not compete for water and nutrients. Furthermore, for pole beans, the corn stalks can serve as the "poles" to allow the beans to grow upright. This saves space in the garden, leaving room for the gardener to add additional plants.

Cucumber, eggplant, and radish: These plants encourage strong bean growth, and the beans boost the nitrogen in the soil that they need to grow.

Marigold: Marigolds deter Mexican bean beetles and other insect pests from several garden plants, including beans.﻿﻿ Plus, African and French marigolds both produce a substance that suppresses nematodes, the microscopic worms that attack the roots of plants. In fact, marigolds are a recommended companion for many different edible plants.

Nasturtium, summer savory, and rosemary: Nasturtium and rosemary both deter bean beetle pests.﻿﻿ In addition, summer savory repels bean beetles and improves the flavor and overall growth of bean plants. Grow it near the base of the plant, but not so close that the bean plant shades it.

Potato: Potato plants help to repel Mexican bean beetles from bean plants. In return, bean plants are able to repel the Colorado potato beetle.﻿﻿

Other plants that are good companions to pole beans and bush beans include:

What to Avoid Planting Around Beans

Certain plants can actually inhibit the growth of beans when they are planted nearby.

Beets (depends on the bean): Pole beans and bush beans share all of the same companion plant recommendations with the exception of beets. Pole beans do not thrive when beets are planted nearby; the plants stunt each other's growth. But bush beans are not affected by beets.

Onion family: Avoid planting beans near all members of the allium family: onions, leeks, garlic, and scallions. Members of this family inhibit the growth of bean plants because they exude a substance that kills beneficial bacteria on bean roots and prevent the bean plants from adding nitrogen to the soil.﻿﻿

Peppers: Experts disagree on whether peppers and beans can coexist. They both can benefit the soil. However, sometimes the bean vines can spread too aggressively among the pepper plants and choke them.

Sunflowers: Like corn, sunflowers seem like they would be an ideal "pole" for pole beans to climb and grow upright. However, sunflowers give off a chemical compound that inhibits the growth of beans, making them incompatible plants.﻿﻿

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The Best Companion Plants for Pole Beans and Bush Beans

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Companion planting is the practice of placing different species of plants close together in the garden because they offer certain benefits to one another. For example, one species may deter an insect that feeds on the other species, while that plant may improve the other plant's uptake of soil nutrients.

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From my previous knowledge, the information I gathered from our notes, and an article I read, I decied to talk about berries in the Taiga biome. Yes many berries can be grown elsewhere, but there is an abendance of berries in taiga biomes. This article shows deffirent types of plant food that can be found in the Taiga. on the section about berries it sates, "In late summer, autumn in the forest abundance of berries: strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries, raspberries, lemongrass, etc. Many berries are suitable for food and winter freezing directly on the branches. If you can find under the snow-berry - can be good to eat." This information is good to know in general, but especially if you plan to visit Taiga biomes. I hope to be able to visit a Taiga biome one day and enjoy some of these berries.

Here is the article mentioned in my post.
https://extreme-survival.com/view_pub.php?id=92&lang=en

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I will be discussing the domestication of the potato. in an article I read it said, "One of the first steps in the domestication of the potato was the selection of non-bitter tubers. Many wild potato species contain natural compounds called glycoalkaloids, which confer resistance to insects and diseases. While useful to the plant, these compounds also have a serious drawback: they impart a bitter taste and, at high enough levels, are toxic to humans." (Domestication of the Potato). I find this very interesting. it is fascinating that a plant has built in compounds that protects them from pest and diseases. as the quote mentions we removed this to have a much better taste. the potato that we know today are very different than the original potato.

Here is the link to the article I mentioned.
https://spudsmart.com/domestication-of-the-potato/.

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Before discussing the medication and the plant it is made from I want to give you a little bit of a background of why I was so interested in what the medication was made from. I was in a life treating ATV wreck a year ago, I stayed in the hospital for a month. The first week I was there, I was given morphine (and lots of other medications) for pain relief. I was given a lot of pain medications and I was told I would be on them for a few months. I was worried about getting addicted to them, so I looked up what morphine was made out of. I found out a key ingredient is the opium poppy plant. The opium poppy plant is also the key ingredient in other medications (Oxycodone and Hydrocodone) they had me on. Knowing this information helped me because I found out even though they helped with the pain I had from injury’s these medications are very addictive. The opium poppy plant has been used good and bad. It is used for medications in hospitals, and is also used to make drugs such as heroin and cocaine. A PDF I viewed said, “Opium is a highly addictive non-synthetic narcotic that is extracted from the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. The opium poppy is the key source for many narcotics, including morphine, codeine, and heroin.” (Drugs of Abuse, A DEA Resource Guide (2020 Edition)).

Here is the link to the PDF I mentioned.
https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Opium-2020.pdf

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What is the role of plant domestication? If it was not for the domestication of plants our ancestors would have not been able to settle down. Plant domestication caused people to be able to settle down and create permanent cultures that made it possible to live how we do today. After plant domestication there started to be a surplus in food, which increased trade and a more lavash type of living. An article I read stated, ” Plant domestication involves selection, modification and long-term use of wild plant species with traits regarded as favorable by humans.” (Evolution of root traits along crop domestication). We have plant domestication to thank for our lavash way of living today.

Here is the link to the article I mentioned.

https://fesummaries.wordpress.com/2018/10/23/evolution-of-root-traits-along-crop-domestication/

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I have always known how important plants are to our lives, but throughout this class I learned in a greater detail of their importance. Knowing what plants do and how they do it will help you to better utilize the plant. It may not be in my lifetime, but sadly in the future plants and our planet will suffer to how we have been living and how we live today. Many people know the dangers later generations will face due to our actions. An article I read talks about who different organizations are doing for our future plant life. One passage states, “The future is not a trivial topic, and yet it is hard to approach unemotionally, and even harder to treat scientifically. Faced with the conflicting predictions of near-magical advances leading to increased gratification and pleasure, and potential problems that could easily lead to disasters, most people try not to think of the future at all. However, the pessimists’ problems and the optimists’ opportunities are both real, and we must consider both sides rationally so that practical steps can be taken to avert the one and realise the other.” (Plants of the Future). The article later goes on to talk about different views from scientists. I strongly suggest you read the article it is full of great information.

Here is the link to the article I mentioned.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-019-0506-9