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Malaysia Statistics for Marriage before 18

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Malaysia or Indonesia// Mayasoun: Forced (Child) Marriage

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Malaysia or Indonesia// Mayasoun: Forced (Child) Marriage

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Country: Unsure but predicted to be Malaysia or Indonesia

15 years old Female

For two years, Maysoun suffered his abuse and those of his extended family. She had to wake up at dawn and spent her days standing in the kitchen washing, cleaning, and cooking.

Statistics:
1. Malaysia (Link)

16,000 girls were married before the age of 15 as of October 2010.

In 2014, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) reported that there were 15,000 Malaysian girls

Extra Information: Some families manipulate the legal system to have their underage daughters married to cover up instances of rape (and pregnancies) within the family

2. Indonesia (Link)

According to 2018 figures one in nine children under the age of 18 are married in Indonesia

According to a 2016 report by the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), Indonesia has one of the highest rates of child marriages in the world at about 1,459,000.

Laws:

1. Malaysia (Link)

Section 10 Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, for either party is under the age of eighteen years.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

2. Indonesia (Link)

According to the 1974 Indonesian Marriage Act and the 1991 Compilation of Islamic Law, the legal age of marriage set at 16 for girls and 19 for boys (article 7 of 1974 Marriage Act).

2002 Child Protection Act

Marriage Act - marriages like this can be annulled by the government officially (but is never implemented)

APIK and the national commission on violence against women (still proposed)

Groups that help fight:
Trust of Programs for Early Childhood, Family and Community Education has received grants from the UN Slavery Fund since 2012.

Solutions:
Increase punishments for people contributing to this issue, and provide more education to children and how to get help.

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Solutions:

Strengthen police forces that take care of human trafficking cases. Make sure to question suspects or get information out of the trafficker who have been caught to find bigger organizations.

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Rekha:

32-year-old woman

in Rajasthan, India

married off as a child because of her caste

engaged in manual scavenging for 18 years

her health suffered a lot

Jan Sahas and a local NGO helped her walk away from all this

now a daily wage laborer and receives minimum wage

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Tier 2

Statistics: 1.4% percent of the population are currently enslaved

Types: bonded labor, forced begging, manual scavenging, forced marriage, domestic services, commercial sex work

Ages/Sexes: children/women

Laws: One of the great laws against slavery is the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976, which allows the transfer of a little bit of capital to every person who comes out of slavery and support

Groups: Smile Foundation, Nanhi Kali, Give India Foundation, Goonj, Jan Sahas, etc

Solutions: laws on anti-trafficking and bonded labor, protection measures for children

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Solutions:
Have thorough checks on places most prone to human trafficking. Track down suspects and on the victims part, make sure to alert the people who can help. As a victim, make sure you are aware of your employer and make sure you have connections to the police or any type of organization that helps track down traffickers.

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Assha:

young girl when she was forced into labor

From Nepal

Worked until her leg was fractured then was sent home

Type:

Bonded labor

Statistics:

Nepal remained on Tier 2.

31338 population of victims

A government study documented more than 61,000 Nepalis—including approximately 10,000 children— in forced labor over the past five years, especially in agriculture, forestry, and construction

estimated 17,000 children worked in brick kilns.

Groups or projects that help fight:

NNDSWO

Shakti Samuha

AATWIN)

Law to prevent the crime:

The government decreased anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts throughout the years. However, there are certain laws that have been published regarding forced labor and human trafficking. Such as:

1. The 2017 Labour Act, which is enforced by specialized labor courts, criminalized forced labor and prescribed penalties of up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine of up to 500,000 Nepali rupees (NPR) ($4,270), or both.

2. Additionally, the 2002 Bonded Labor (Prohibition) Act abolished bonded labor and prescribed civil penalties of a fine between 15,000 NPR and 25,000 NPR ($128-$214).

3. The 2000 Child Labour Act criminalized forced child labor and prescribed penalties of up to one year imprisonment, a fine of 50,000 NPR ($427), or both. None of these laws prescribed sufficiently stringent penalties.

Solutions:
Increase in poverty rate and improvement on social economic situation in the country would help decrease the number of victims. Moreover, we believe that government enforcement and putting more effort in

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Ebo

male

was given by mother to older sister and husband

forced to work in lake volta

Ghana

had to paddle the canoe, cast nets, and untangle the nets

enslaved for 8 years (starting from when he was 8)

had to prepare the fish for the market too

was beaten and insulted when made a mistake

rescued by challenging heights

saved by Challenging Heights

went through rehabilitation for 5 months

he now lives with his aunt

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Tier 2

Statistics: 4.48% (estimate) of the population is enslaved or living in modern slavery/21% of children from age 5-17 are involved in child labor

Types: child labor, forced labor, human trafficking

Ages/Sexes: 5-17/children/women

Laws: The Ministry of Employment and Labor Relation’s Child Labor Unit developed an Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedure for child protection and family welfare, which provides a framework of agreed standards and procedures for stakeholders

Groups: 21ST CENTURY INITIATIVES, Aawid, Action Aid Ghana, MedCare, freetheslaves, etc

Solutions: protection measures for children, ways for parents to make money/be supported (so they don't sell their children), authorities around places like Lake Volta

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Burkina Faso// Diane: Trafficking For Domestic Servitude

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Burkina Faso// Diane: Trafficking For Domestic Servitude

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Country: Burkina Faso --> France

A 30-year-old woman from Burkina Faso

Kept for two years as a domestic slave in France

Escaped and came in contact with CCEM and NGO

Statistics of Country: With data from all 45 provinces, the government identified 1,740 trafficking victims.

Law: 2008 anti-trafficking law; Penalty for not doing so includes five to 10 year's imprisonment.

Groups that help: NGOs and international organizations

Solutions: Burkina Faso should collect more data and do more consensus of their people (especially women). They should track the movement of their people - not a large extent - but enough that nobody is smuggled out of the country

In general, both France and Burkina Faso should prevent human trafficking through public awareness, outreach, education, and advocacy campaigns. Protect and assist victims by providing shelters as well as health, psychological, legal, and vocational services.(Link)

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Law to prevent the crime: “The Government of Romania does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so.”, “The government increased law enforcement efforts. Articles 210 and 211 of the penal code criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking and prescribed penalties of three to 10 years’ imprisonment for offenses involving an adult victim and five to 10 years’ imprisonment for those involving a child.”

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Country: Romania

Type: Sexual slavery

Age: 16 years when affected

Sex: Female

Groups or projects that help fight: ADPARE- an NGO that assists predominantly Romanian victims of human trafficking

Extra: Was sold by her ex-boyfriend for 1500 euros and was resold for 1000 euros and a car after which she was raped and beaten by the buyers. SHe was pregnant by around 5 months but was shown no mercy. She was later saved by the NGO called ADPARE during transportation.

Website: uno, dos[474], tres, cuatro

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Johanne:

Girl

She was sent away when she was 9

Worked until 11 years old

(22years now)

Type:

Human Trafficking

Child Domestic Servitude

Statistics:

4% of females and 12.2% of males had been restavèks before age 18.

Female restavèks were approximately 2x as likely to experience childhood physical, emotional, and sexual violence compared to non-restavèks.

Male restavèks were more than 3x as likely to experience childhood emotional violence and approximately 2x more likely to experience sexual violence compared to non-restavèks.

150,000 Haitian children are living in servitude.

Groups or projects that help fight:

Restavek Freedom Foundation (RFF),

POLIFRONT

CNLTP

Laws:
The Haiti government has shown very little effort and to combat the system of child domestic servitude, over the years. Especially, about the cases of restavek (Johanne). However, they have worked with NGOs within Nepal and the UN. (Most efforts are done by NGOs and Organizations)
Solutions:
I think that getting rid of the practice of having restavek would be the main focus, although it would be difficult. We thought that some ways that can help make that  happen are:

1. advertise and publicize the issue

2. make consequences and punishments

3. give more help aid and money to families

4. Focus on economic and social growth of the country more.

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Statistics: link to information

Romania prohibits all forms of trafficking in persons through Law No. 678/2001, which prescribes penalties of three to 15 years’ imprisonment.

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Law to prevent the crime: Prosecution-- “The government maintained law enforcement efforts. The 2003 and 2012 anti-trafficking acts criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking and prescribed penalties of up to 20 years’ imprisonment and fines of between 1 million and 2 million pesos ($20,760 to $41,520).”

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Country: Philippines

Type: Forced labour, Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and forced labour

Age: not mentioned

Sex: Female

Groups or projects that help fight: Caritas Lebanon Migrant Center (CLMC) an organisation that runs a safe house for migrant workers who have suffered abuse by their employers.

Extra: She was working for a family in the Middle East as a domestic worker. She was tortured by being imprisoned for 10 days in solidarity, was threatened with death constantly, got chlorine-based detergent poured on her body and open wounds. Was saved by the CLMC and now lives a quiet and free life in the Philippines.

Website: uno [461], dos.

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Domestic servitude:

Statistics: In 2017, the number of human trafficking victims for forced labor, servitude, and slavery in the Philippines amounted to only 35. Since 2007, there has been a significant drop in the number of human trafficking for forced labor, servitude, and slavery victims in the Philippines.