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Lecture notes from HPRS 2300 PowerPoint

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- Sympathetic Nervous System

Adrenal medulla - Release of epinephrine

Arteries - Vasoconstriction (exceptions are the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)

Heart - Increases heart rate and AV conduction

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions - Decreased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye - Dilation (mydriasis)

Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchodilation

Urinary bladder - Relaxation

Urinary sphincter - Contraction

- Parasympathetic Nervous System

Adrenal medulla - nothing

Arteries - Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Heart - Decreases heart rate and AV conduction

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions - Increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye - Constriction (miosis)

Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder - Contraction

Urinary sphincter - Relaxation

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hydroxyzine (Atarax®)

promethazine (Phenergan®)

azelastine (Astelin® or Astepro® )

loratidine (Claritin®)

fexofenadine (Allegra®)

cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

budesonide (Rhinocort® or Pulmicort®)

mometasone (Nasonex® or Asmanex®)

fluticasone (Flonase® or Flovent®)

flunisolide (Nasalide®)

triamcinolone (Nasacort® / Azmacort®)

hydrocodone (Hycodan®)

codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)

dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)

benzonatate (Tessalon Perles®)

oxymetazoline (Afrin®)

pheniramine (Dristan®)

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

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succinylcholine

rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)

dantrolene (Dantrium®)

cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)

carisoprodol (Soma®)

methocarbamol (Robaxin®)

orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)

chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC®)

metaxalone (Skelaxin®)

cromolyn Sodium (Intal® / Nasalcrom® )

theophylline (Theo-Dur®)

aminophylline (Paladron®)

montelukast (Singulair®)

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)

chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)

clemastine (Tavist®)

diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)

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ephedrine

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

epinephrine (Adrenaline®)

prazosin (Minipress®)

terazosin (Hytrin®)

doxazosin (Cardura®)

dobutamine

albuterol (Proventil® / Ventolin® )

terbutaline (Brethine®)

formoterol (Foradil®)

atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

nadolol (Corgard®)

propanolol (Inderol®)

timolol (Blocadren®)

salmeterol (Servant®)

acetylcholine

pilocarpine (Pilocarpine®)

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

neostigmine (Prostigmine®)

atropine

dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

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Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathomimetic - drugs that mimic the sympathetic system

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonists, Adrenergic Agonists, Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonists, Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists

Sympatholytics - drugs that work against the sympathetic system

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs, Selective Beta 1 Blockers, Non-selective Beta Blockers

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathomimetics - drugs that mimic the parasympathetic system

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist, Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists

Parasympatholytics - drugs that work against the parasympathetic system

Anticholinergics

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Sympathetic Receptors

Alpha 1 - found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries, and veins

Alpha 2 - found on smooth muscles

Beta 1 - located on the heart

Beta 2 - located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

Parasympathetic Receptors

Muscarinic - located on cardiac and smooth muscles. and glands

Nicotinic 1 (Nn) - at ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

Nicotinic 2 (Nm) - somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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Locations where each NT is released                           

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Locations where each NT is released                           

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Sympathetic Nervous System

Acetylcholine - NT released at ganglia from the presynaptic nerve ending

Norepinephrine - NT released at postganglionic nerve endings

Epinephrine - NT is released from the adrenal medulla

Dopamine - NT is released from the brain

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Acetylcholine- NT is released at ganglia and at postganglionic nerve endings

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Sympathetic Nervous System

Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic

Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic

Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic

Dopamine (DA)

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Acetylcholine (ACH) - cholinergic

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Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

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Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

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- Sympathetic Nervous System

Adrenergic System

- Parasympathetic Nervous System

Cholinergic System