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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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The Freedman's Bureau works to smooth the transition from slavery, providing former slaves with immediate shelter and medical services, help in negotiating labor contracts with landowners, and more.

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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The Civil War ends when Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union general Ulysses S. Grant. Six days later, President Lincoln is assassinated, and his vice president, Southern Democrat Andrew Johnson, becomes president.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president

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Grant. Six days later, President Lincoln is assassinated, and his vice president, Southern Democrat Andrew Johnson, becomes president.

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The laws impose restrictions on black citizens, especially in attempts to control labor.

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President Johnson declares the reconstruction process complete. Outraged, Radical Republicans in Congress refuse to recognize new governments in Southern states.

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Civil Rights Bill, grants citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.

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White civilians and police kill 46 African Americans and destroy 90 houses, schools, and four churches in Memphis, Tennessee.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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Congress divides the former Confederacy into five military districts and requires elections in which African American men can vote.

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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Texas and the United States signed a treaty for annexation. Texas would enter the Union as a territory, not a state, under terms of the treaty.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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Texas and the United States signed a treaty for annexation. Texas would enter the Union as a territory, not a state, under terms of the treaty

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Black and white lawmakers begin to work side by side in the Southern states' constitutional conventions, the first political meetings in American history to include substantial numbers of black men.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States

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The resulting death toll is staggering: only three members of the White League die, but some one hundred black men are killed.

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Republican-led Congress passes the Civil Rights Bill of 1875, prohibiting segregation in public facilities. T

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”