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Subduction is a geological term for one of Earth's tectonic plates sinking under another. When this happens, we can get earthquakes, volcanoes, and a recycling of Earth's rocks.

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(of rock) that has formed from sediment deposited by water or air.

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The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. SEDIMENT. Small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition. DEPOSITION.

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Erosion happens when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind or gravity. Mechanical weathering physically breaks up rock. One example is called frost action or frost shattering. Water gets into cracks and joints in bedrock.

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Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

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Synonyms: crystal, crystallisation Types: crystallite. any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock. Type of: rock, stone. a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter.

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Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rock by being of volcanic origin. ... It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.

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magma definition. Molten rock usually located deep within the mantle of the Earth that occasionally comes to the surface through cracks in the mantle or through the eruption of volcanoes. Note: When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock, of which lava is one type.

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A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is from 'morph' (meaning form), and 'meta' (meaning change). The original rock gets heated (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressured (1500 bars). This causes profound physical and/or chemical change.

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This process is called compaction. At the same time the particles of sediment begin to stick to each other - they are cemented together by clay, or by minerals like silica or calcite. After compaction and cementation the sedimentary sequence has changed into a sedimentary rock.

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Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.

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Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. Note :Limestone and shale are common sedimentary rocks.