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The Mayan civilization are located in Mexico and Central America.
there were indigenous people (native).
Today where the Mayan civilization was is now the Yucatan.

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the calendar- a system of writing using symbols. inscribed these symbols into buildings, stele, artifacts, and books.
they created multiple calendars
1. a 365 year calendar that were used for agricultural circles
2.a 260 day calendar for daily uses
3. a long count calendar went back to 3114 BCE.
4.They discovered number 0.
calculated a solar year of 365.242 before astronomers.
5. The Mayans were great architectures and very good at math.

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The Mayans believed that the world had came to a end 4 times and this is there 5 time starting over.
They practiced blood rituals and human sacrifice.
The Mayans were polytheism (believed in multiple gods). they worshiped more than 165 gods.
Video:    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTqEGZ8NyF4

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K'inich Janaab' Pakal - was a leader of the Mayan civilizations.

K'inich B'alam - was the first ever to rule the mayan  civilization.

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The capital of the Aztec civilization was Tenochtitlan which is now modern day Mexico. They settled on an island in the Valley of Mexico in 1325.

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1) The Aztecs built up their food production by creating floating islands of soil.
2) In 1428 they created the Triple Alliance. The Alliance set out to conquer other cities to collect tribute that could support its
expanding population.
3) By the early 1500s, the Aztecs had conquered most of Mesoamerica and ruled 11 million to 12 million people.
4) They constructed a double aqueduct to bring fresh water to Tenochtitlan
5) Had great knowledge of medicine and they could perform surgeries
6) They received 2 million cotton cloaks, jewelry,obsidian knives, rubber balls, jaguar skins, parrot feathers, jade, emeralds, seashells, vanilla beans, and chocolate.
7) The Aztecs were the first to provide education to all children

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The Incas were located in the Andes Mountains in South America. They extended from northern ecuador to central Chile. They began to settle in the Valley of  Cuzco. The Incas lived on land such as the mountains, coastal desert and low-lying jungle.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqTFHiv_LSg

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1) Excellent engineers. The Incas built a system of bridges and roads in the Andes. Built more than 14,000 miles of paved road.
2)  Most advanced centralized economy led to social harmony and fast expansion. Collective labor was at the center of economical productivity.
3) Medicine men used plant extracts, fresh or dried plants, chants, prayers and dance to try to heal the unhealthy.
4) Had an accounting system known as Quipus. The knots of threads represent numeric values used in the decimal system.
5) Incas had superb architecture and architecture techniques. Their buildings were earthquake resistant for over 500 years. They were skilled stonemasons.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Nuh2OkeMCM

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1) The Aztec government was similar to a monarchy where an Emperor or King was the primary ruler
2) They called their ruler the Huey Tlatoani. The Huey Tlatoani was the ultimate power in the land
3) When an emperor died, the new emperor was chosen by a group of high ranking nobles.
4) Acamapichtli was the first king or official ruler of the Aztecs, he gain power through military might by conquering nearby regions
5) The most famous of these kings was Montezuma II. Hernan Cortes met him when he landed in Mexico

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Few of the many Incan leaders:
Viracocha, Pachacuti, Túpac Inca Yupanqui,
The Incas kept lists of their hereditary kings.  Given privileged status, and this noble class then dominated all the important roles within the empire.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQPSYenhtoY

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- Less brutal than Aztecs
- Mummification
- Held the sun to be the highest deity
- Polytheistic
- Incan society was a vertical hierarchical organization divided in four social classes
~ Sapa Inca (top)
~ Sons of Sapa Inca and close relatives
~ Nobility including royal relatives and people who got distinction through their services such as priests and chiefs.
~ The ayllu which is the rest of the population

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRSTy9ir6zs

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1) The Aztecs adopted traditions that dated back to the Olmecs
2) They played the same ball
game and kept a sophisticated calendar
3) They adopted traditional religious beliefs, believing
that the gods had set the world in motion through acts of sacrifice
4) Priests believed that ritual sacrifice of humans was essential to prevent the destruction of the Fifth Sun by earthquakes or famine

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Ask History: What Happened to the Aztecs? | History

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1) When Europeans arrived, they called these natives “savages.” Provide support to counter this Eurocentric view.

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1) When Europeans arrived, they called these natives “savages.” Provide support to counter this Eurocentric view.

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The natives had already made their own civilizations with their own system and way of life. They had already developed their language, calendar, culture, agriculture, and architecture.

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2) How do countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Peru celebrate their indigenous peoples past?

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2) How do countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Peru celebrate their indigenous peoples past?

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In Peru, they have a festival called  The Inti Raymi festival. They have a feast to honor the Sun god and Mother Earth. It is held on the 24th of June. This festival shows Inca's culture and life experiences. The festival is a large and colorful celebration with dances and chants. In other places such as Mexico, people dress up colorfully and play instruments and dance. The have a ceremony outside of a church and people fly in the air on ropes. They burn candles and incense in honor of the gods.  The International festival of Mayan civilization will boast world-class conferences, exhibitions, and artistic events. They play lots of music and show the arts.