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Phase diagrams | States of matter and intermolecular forces | Chemistry | Khan Academy

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some of Unit 3 Vocabulary Learn with flashcards, games, and more - for free.

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🧪Paper Chromatography - Chemistry Experiment with Mr Pauller

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States of Matter

Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences.

Microscopic view of a gas.

Microscopic view of a liquid.

Microscopic view of a solid.

Note that:

Particles in a:

gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.

liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.

solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.

Particles in a:

gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.

liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.

solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.

Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together.
The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.

Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior

gas liquid solid

assumes the shape and volume of its container
particles can move past one another

assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies
particles can move/slide past one another

retains a fixed volume and shape
rigid - particles locked into place

compressible
lots of free space between particles

not easily compressible
little free space between particles

not easily compressible
little free space between particles

flows easily
particles can move past one another

flows easily
particles can move/slide past one another

does not flow easily
rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another

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States of Matter Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences. Microscopic view of a gas. Microscopic view of a liquid. Microscopic view of a solid.

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consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically intermingled,